The Power of Relative Rates Tests Depends on the Data
Abstract
One of the most useful features of molecular phylogenetic analyses is the potential for estimating dates of divergence of evolutionary lineages from the DNA of extant species. But lineage-specific variation in rate of molecular evolution complicates molecular dating, because a calibration rate estimated from one lineage may not be an accurate representation of the rate in other lineages. Many molecular dating studies use a "clock test" to identify and exclude sequences that vary in rate between lineages. However, these clock tests should not be relied upon without a critical examination of their effectiveness at removing rate variable sequences from any given data set, particularly with regard to the sequence length and number of variable sites. As an illustration of this problem we present a power test of a frequently employed triplet relative rates test. We conclude that (1) relative rates tests are unlikely to detect moderate levels of lineage-specific rate variation (where one lineage has a rate of molecular evolution 1.5 to 4.0 times the other) for most commonly used sequences in molecular dating analyses, and (2) this lack of power is likely to result in substantial error in the estimation of dates of divergence. As an example, we show that the well-studied rate difference between murid rodents and great apes will not be detected for many of the sequences used to date the divergence between these two lineages and that this failure to detect rate variation is likely to result in consistent overestimation the date of the rodent-primate split.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The variation in rate of molecular evolution between lineages warns against using a calibration rate calculated for one lineage to date another, often distantly related, lineage.
“The variation in rate of molecular evolution between lineages warns against using a calibration rate calculated for one lineage to date another, often distantly related, lineage 1,28,48 .”
From The modern molecular clock (2003) · cites this paper as [28]
In this case, molecular date estimates could be systematically inaccurate.
“In this case, molecular date estimates could be systematically inaccurate 28 .”
From The modern molecular clock (2003) · cites this paper as [28]
The nearly neutral theory predicts that the rate of molecular evolution is influenced by mutation rate, population size and the relative proportions of sites with different selective coefficients; these factors might differ between genes, between species and over time, potentially resulting in consistent bias in date estimates.
“Second, the nearly neutral theory predicts that the rate of molecular evolution is influenced by mutation rate, population size and the relative proportions of sites with different selective coefficients; these factors might differ between genes, between species and over time, potentially resulting in consistent bias in date estimates 28 .”
From The modern molecular clock (2003) · cites this paper as [28]
Failure to detect rate variation can cause systematic error in date estimates, because undetected rate variation can lead to consistently overestimated dates of divergence.
“Failure to detect rate variation can cause systematic error in date estimates, because undetected rate variation can lead to consistently overestimated dates of divergence 28 .”
From The modern molecular clock (2003) · cites this paper as [28]
If the genetic distance between rodents and primates is used to estimate their date of divergence by assuming a constant rate of molecular evolution, this rate difference can result in molecular dates that are consistently too old.
“If the genetic distance between rodents and primates is used to estimate their date of divergence by assuming a constant rate of molecular evolution, this rate difference can result in molecular dates that are consistently too old 28 .”
From The modern molecular clock (2003) · cites this paper as [28]
Clock tests lack power for shorter sequences (or genes with low rates of change) and will detect only a relatively low proportion of cases of rate variation for the types of sequence typically used in molecular clock studies.
“However, these clock tests lack power for shorter sequences (or genes with low rates of change) and will detect only a relatively low proportion of cases of rate variation for the types of sequence that are typically used in molecular clock studies 28 .”
From The modern molecular clock (2003) · cites this paper as [28]
Cites
Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution
Avise, J. C. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2381-9 · Cited by 5,210 · see citing works
Rambaut, A., & Grass, N. C. (1997) · Computer applications in the biosciences · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/13.3.235 · Cited by 1,545 · see citing works
Self-citationSimple methods for testing the molecular evolutionary clock hypothesis.
Tajima, F. (1993) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/135.2.599 · Cited by 948 · see citing works
Evidence for higher rates of nucleotide substitution in rodents than in man.
Wu, C., & Li, W. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.6.1741 · Cited by 926 · see citing works
Synonymous and nonsynonymous rate variation in nuclear genes of mammals
Yang, Z., & Nielsen, R. (1998) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/pl00006320 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Wang, D. Y.-C., Kumar, S., & Hedges, S. B. (1999) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0617 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Generation Time and Genomic Evolution in Primates
Sarich, V. M., & Wilson, A. C. (1973) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.179.4078.1144 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Estimating divergence dates from molecular sequences.
Rambaut, A., & Bromham, L. (1998) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025940 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Self-citationDeterminants of rate variation in mammalian DNA sequence evolution.
Bromham, L., Rambaut, A., & Harvey, P. H. (1996) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf02202109 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citationTesting for equality of evolutionary rates.
Muse, S. V., & Weir, B. S. (1992) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/132.1.269 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Metabolic Rate, Generation Time, and the Rate of Molecular Evolution in Birds
Mooers, A. Ø., & Harvey, P. H. (1994) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1006/mpev.1994.1040 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
The relative-rate test of the molecular clock hypothesis: a note of caution.
Scherer, S. (1989) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040561 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Computational Molecular Evolution
Yang, Z. (2006) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567028.001.0001 · Cited by 1,143 · see citing works
ABSOLUTE DIVERSIFICATION RATES IN ANGIOSPERM CLADES
Magallón, S., & Sanderson, M. J. (2001) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00826.x · Cited by 942 · see citing works
Zebrafish Comparative Genomics and the Origins of Vertebrate Chromosomes
Postlethwait, J. H., Woods, I. G., Ngo-Hazelett, P., Yan, Y.-L., Kelly, P. D., Chu, F., Huang, H., Hill-Force, A., & Talbot, W. S. (2000) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.164800 · Cited by 688 · see citing works
Reading the entrails of chickens: molecular timescales of evolution and the illusion of precision
Graur, D., & Martin, W. (2004) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2003.12.003 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Gene trees and species trees are not the same
Nichols, R. A. (2001) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02203-0 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
The timing of eukaryotic evolution: Does a relaxed molecular clock reconcile proteins and fossils?
Douzery, E. J. P., Snell, E. A., Bapteste, E., Delsuc, F., & Philippe, H. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0403984101 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Bromham, L., & Penny, D. (2003) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1020 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular clocks: four decades of evolution
Kumar, S. (2005) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1659 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Koepfli, K., Deere, K. A., Slater, G. J., Begg, C. M., Begg, K. S., Grassman, L. I., Lucherini, M., Veron, G., & Wayne, R. K. (2008) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/1741-7007-6-10 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Nei, M., Xu, P., & Glazko, G. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.051611498 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Adékambi, T., & Drancourt, M. (2004) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY · doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63094-0 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Molecular evidence on plant divergence times
Sanderson, M. J., Thorne, J. L., Wikström, N., & Bremer, K. (2004) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1656 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
An Empirical Assessment of Long-Branch Attraction Artefacts in Deep Eukaryotic Phylogenomics
Brinkmann, H., van der Giezen, M., Zhou, Y., de Raucourt, G. P., & Philippe, H. (2005) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150500234609 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Yang, Z. (2014) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199602605.001.0001 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Near, T. J., Meylan, P. A., & Shaffer, H. B. (2005) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/427734 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Initial Diversification of Living Amphibians Predated the Breakup of Pangaea
Mauro, D. S., Miguel Vences, B., Alcobendas, M., Zardoya, R., & Meyer, A. (2005) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/429523 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Relaxed molecular clocks for dating historical plant dispersal events
Renner, S. S. (2005) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2005.09.010 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Sanderson, M. J., & Doyle, J. A. (2001) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.2307/3558458 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Tristan, L., Douady, C. J., Gouy, M., Trontelj, P., Briolay, J., & Gibert, J. (2006) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02888.x · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Aris-Brosou, S., & Yang, Z. (2002) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150290102375 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Rutschmann, F. (2005) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00210.x · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Molecular dating when rates vary
Welch, J. J., & Bromham, L. D. (2005) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2005.02.007 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular Dating and Biogeography of the Early Placental Mammal Radiation
Eizirik, E. (2001) · Journal of Heredity · doi:10.1093/jhered/92.2.212 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Dates from the molecular clock: how wrong can we be?
Pulquério, M. J. F., & Nichols, R. A. (2007) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.11.013 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Greenhill, S. J., Hua, X., Welsh, C. F., Schneemann, H., & Bromham, L. D. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00576 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citationDating the Time of Origin of Major Clades: Molecular Clocks and the Fossil Record
Smith, A. B., & Peterson, K. J. (2002) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.30.091201.140057 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Ho, S. Y. W. (2005) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msi125 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Rates and Patterns of Molecular Evolution in Inbred and Outbred Arabidopsis
Wright, S., Lauga, B., & Charlesworth, D. (2002) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004204 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Time Flies, a New Molecular Time-Scale for Brachyceran Fly Evolution Without a Clock
Wiegmann, B. M., Yeates, D. K., Thorne, J. L., & Kishino, H. (2003) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150390250965 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Trontelj, P., Machino, Y., & Šket, B. (2004) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.09.010 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Bidegaray‐Batista, L., & Arnedo, M. A. (2011) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-317 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Aris-Brosou, S. (2003) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msg226 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Inferring clocks when lacking rocks: the variable rates of molecular evolution in bacteria
Kuo, C., & Ochman, H. (2009) · Biology Direct · doi:10.1186/1745-6150-4-35 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Rowe, D. L., & Honeycutt, R. L. (2002) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004080 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Molecular Clocks in Reptiles: Life History Influences Rate of Molecular Evolution
Bromham, L. (2002) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004083 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationRate of language evolution is affected by population size
Bromham, L. D., Hua, X., Fitzpatrick, T. G., & Greenhill, S. J. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1419704112 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantitative Analysis of the Timing of the Origin and Diversification of Extant Placental Orders
Archibald, J. D., & Deutschman, D. H. (2001) · Journal of Mammalian Evolution · doi:10.1023/a:1011317930838 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Douglas, M. E., DOUGLAS, M. R., Schuett, G. W., & Porras, L. W. (2006) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.03007.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Nováková, E., Hypša, V., Klein, J., Foottit, R. G., von Dohlen, C. D., & Moran, N. A. (2013) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.016 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Thomas, J. A., Welch, J. J., Woolfit, M., & Bromham, L. D. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0510251103 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationA methodological bias toward overestimation of molecular evolutionary time scales
Rodríguez-Trelles, F., Tarrío, R., & Ayala, F. J. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.122231299 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Molecular data from 27 proteins do not support a Precambrian origin of land plants
Sanderson, M. J. (2003) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.90.6.954 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Metabolic rate does not calibrate the molecular clock
Lanfear, R., Thomas, J. A., Welch, J. J., Brey, T., & Bromham, L. D. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0703359104 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular phylogeny of the genus Buteo (Aves: Accipitridae) based on mitochondrial marker sequences
Riesing, M. J., Kruckenhauser, L., Gamauf, A., & Haring, E. (2003) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00450-5 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Arthropod colonization of land – Linking molecules and fossils in oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida)
Schaefer, I., Norton, R. A., Scheu, S., & Maraun, M. (2010) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.015 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Bromham, L., & Cardillo, M. (2003) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00526.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationHoneycutt, R. L., Rowe, D. L., & Gallardo, M. H. (2003) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00368-8 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Hamilton, M. B. (2003) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msg190 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Douzery, E. J. P., Delsuc, F., Stanhope, M. J., & Huchon, D. (2003) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-003-0028-x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Genome-scale evidence of the nematode-arthropod clade
Dopazo, H., & Dopazo, J. (2005) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2005-6-5-r41 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Defining phyla: evolutionary pathways to metazoan body plans
Collins, A. G., & Valentine, J. W. (2001) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2001.01048.x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Molecular estimation of eulipotyphlan divergence times and the evolution of “Insectivora”
Douady, C. J., & Douzery, E. (2003) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(03)00119-2 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Molecular clocks keep dispersal hypotheses afloat: evidence for trans‐Atlantic rafting by rodents
Rowe, D. L., Dunn, K. A., Adkins, R. M., & Honeycutt, R. L. (2009) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02190.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Shaul, S., & Graur, D. (2002) · Gene · doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(02)00851-x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Big and Slow: Phylogenetic Estimates of Molecular Evolution in Baleen Whales (Suborder Mysticeti)
Jackson, J. A., Baker, C. S., Vant, M., Steel, D. J., Medrano‐González, L., & Palumbi, S. R. (2009) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msp169 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Prelude to the Cambrian Explosion
Valentine, J. W. (2002) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.30.082901.092917 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Sociality and the Rate of Molecular Evolution
Bromham, L. D., & Leys, R. (2005) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msi133 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationSix Impossible Things before Breakfast: Assumptions, Models, and Belief in Molecular Dating
Bromham, L. D. (2019) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2019.01.017 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Diversity Of Eukaryotes And The Root Of The Eukaryotic Tree
Brinkmann, H., & Philippe, H. (2008) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74021-8_2 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Cryptic Species in Putative Ancient Asexual Darwinulids (Crustacea, Ostracoda)
Schön, I., Pinto, R. L., HALSE, S. A., Smith, A. J., Martens, K., & Birky, C. W. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039844 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Nie, Z., Sun, H., Li, H., & Wen, J. (2006) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.012 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Fiz-Palacios, O., Vargas, P., Vila, R., Papadopulos, A. S. T., & Aldasoro, J. J. (2010) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/aob/mcq184 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Mazurok, N. A., Rubtsova, N. V., Isaenko, A. A., Павлова, М. Е., Slobodyanyuk, S. Y., Nesterova, T. B., & Zakian, S. M. (2001) · Chromosome Research · doi:10.1023/a:1009226918924 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Fast Molecular Evolution Associated with High Active Metabolic Rates in Poison Frogs
Santos, J. C. (2012) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/mss069 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Quérouil, S., Verheyen, E., Dillen, M., & Colyn, M. (2003) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(03)00027-7 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Hofstetter, V., Redhead, S. A., Kauff, F., Moncalvo, J., Matheny, P. B., & Vilgalys, R. J. (2014) · Cryptogamie Mycologie · doi:10.7872/crym.v35.iss4.2014.399 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Can fast early rates reconcile molecular dates with the Cambrian explosion?
Bromham, L. D., & Hendy, M. D. (2000) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1108 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationAfrican Haplogroup L mtDNA Sequences Show Violations of Clock-like Evolution
Howell, N., Elson, J. L., Turnbull, D. M., & Herrnstadt, C. (2004) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msh184 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
EXTRACTING TIME FROM PHYLOGENIES: POSITIVE INTERPLAY BETWEEN FOSSIL AND GENETIC DATA
Conroy, C. J., & van Tuinen, M. (2003) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Low Diversity in the Mitogenome of Sperm Whales Revealed by Next-Generation Sequencing
Alexander, A. M., Steel, D. J., Slikas, B., Hoekzema, K., Carraher, C., Parks, M., Cronn, R., & Baker, C. S. (2012) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evs126 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Murrell, A., Dobson, S. J., Walter, D. E., Campbell, N. J. H., Shao, R., & Barker, S. C. (2005) · Invertebrate Systematics · doi:10.1071/is05027 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Molecular Clocks and Explosive Radiations
Bromham, L. (2003) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-003-0002-7 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat can DNA Tell us About the Cambrian Explosion?
Bromham, L. D. (2003) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/43.1.148 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationNONSTOCHASTIC VARIATION OF SPECIES-LEVEL DIVERSIFICATION RATES WITHIN ANGIOSPERMS
Sims, H. J., & McConway, K. (2003) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb01538.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Freeze tolerance evolution among anurans: Frequency and timing of appearance
Voituron, Y., Barré, H., Ramløv, H., & Douady, C. J. (2009) · Cryobiology · doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2009.01.001 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Wu, M., Lan, S., BangPing, C., Chen, S., Chen, H., & Zhou, S. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143792 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Soria‐Hernanz, D. F., Fiz-Palacios, O., Braverman, J. M., & Hamilton, M. B. (2008) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-344 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Unveiling the Molecular Clock in the Presence of Recombination
Posada, D. (2001) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003738 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Flying rocks and flying clocks: disparity in fossil and molecular dates for birds
Ksepka, D. T., Ware, J. L., & Lamm, K. S. (2014) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0677 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Segraves, K. A., & Pellmyr, O. (2001) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01275.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Inferring the Root of Isoëtes: Exploring Alternatives in the Absence of an Acceptable Outgroup
Schuettpelz, E., & Hoot, S. B. (2006) · Systematic Botany · doi:10.1600/036364406777585856 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Dhami, M. K., Buckley, T. R., Beggs, J. R., & Taylor, M. W. (2013) · Symbiosis · doi:10.1007/s13199-013-0257-8 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The Essentials of Computational Molecular Evolution
Aris‐Brosou, S., & Rodrigue, N. (2012) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-582-4_4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Leebens‐Mack, J., & dePamphilis, C. W. (2002) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004190 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Signals of Historical Interlocus Gene Conversion in Human Segmental Duplications
Dumont, B. L., & Eichler, E. E. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075949 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Schön, I., Poux, C., Verheyen, E., & Martens, K. (2013) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-013-1581-y · Cited by 25 · see citing works
High Evolutionary Rates in Nuclear Genes of Squamates
Hughes, S., & Mouchiroud, D. (2001) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s002390010194 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Douglas, M. E., Douglas, M. R., Schuett, G. W., Porras, L. W., & Thomason, B. L. (2007) · Copeia · doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2007)7[920:gcbman]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Asymmetrical Evolution of Cytochrome bd Subunits
Hao, W., & Golding, G. B. (2006) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-005-0005-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
King, T. M., Kennedy, M., & Wallis, G. P. (2003) · Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · doi:10.1080/03014223.2003.9517755 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Brown, T. S., Jacob, C. G., da Silva, J. C. F., Takala‐Harrison, S., DJIMDÉ, A. A., Dondorp, A. M., Fukuda, M. M., Noedl, H., Nyunt, M. M., Kyaw, M. P., et al. (2014) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2014.12.010 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Willows‐Munro, S., & Matthee, C. A. (2011) · African Zoology · doi:10.3377/004.046.0205 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Extensive evolutionary rate variation in floral color determining genes in the genus Ipomoea
TOLENO, D. M., Durbin, M. L., Lundy, K. E., & Clegg, M. T. (2010) · Plant Species Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1442-1984.2009.00256.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Les datations moléculaires à l’heure de la génomique
Douzery, E., Delsuc, F., & Philippe, H. (2006) · médecine/sciences · doi:10.1051/medsci/2006224374 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Baratti, M., Khebiza, M. Y., & Messana, G. (2004) · Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2004.00232.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Initial Diversification of Living Amphibians Predated the Breakup of Pangaea
Mauro, S., Miguel Vences, B., Alcobendas, Zardoya, & Meyer (2005) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.2307/3473389 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cooper, W. G. (2009) · Biochemical Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10528-009-9293-8 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Soria‐Hernanz, D. F., Braverman, J. M., & Hamilton, M. B. (2008) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msn074 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Mikelsaar, A., Sünter, A., Mikelsaar, R. V., Toomik, P., Kǒiveer, A., Mikelsaar, I., & Juronen, E. (2012) · Cell Division · doi:10.1186/1747-1028-7-21 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Accounting for Calibration Uncertainty: Bayesian Molecular Dating as a “Doubly Intractable” Problem
Guindon, S. (2018) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syy003 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bromham, L., Penny, D., Rambaut, A., & Hendy, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Massey University (NZ)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Molecular Evolution
- Published
- 2000-03
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 296-301
- ISSN
- 0022-2844 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1480478228
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Molecular Evolution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Keywords
- divergence time estimation, power analysis, murid rodents, great apes, sequence length, variable sites
- MeSH terms
- Genetic Variation, Evolution, Molecular
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
