Alkaline digestion and solid phase extraction method for perfluorinated compounds in mussels and oysters from south China and Japan
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), have been identified in the coastal waters of China and Japan. An alkaline digestion method, coupled with solid-phase extraction (SPE), and high-performance liquid chromatography interfaced with high-resolution electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was developed to determine PFCs in mussel and oyster samples from coastal waters of South China and Japan. These techniques produced adequate recoveries and reporting limits with small quantities of PFCs. Concentrations of individual PFCs in mussels and oysters from South China and Japan ranged from 113.6 to 586.0 pg/g, wet weight (ww) for PFOS, 63.1 to 511.6 pg/g, ww for perfluorohexane sulfonate, 9.3 to 30.1 pg/g, ww for perfluorobutane sulfonate and 37.8 to 2957.0 pg/g, ww for perfluorooctane sulfonamide. The quantification of perfluorinated carboxylates was compromised by interferences from carboxylates in the procedural blanks. Perfluoroundecanoate and perfluorononanoate had relatively great blank interferences, which resulted in relatively poor limits of quantification for these compounds. Some PFCs were only identified in a limited number of samples: perfluorododecanoate in samples from Tokyo Bay, Japan (195.9 pg/g, ww); and perfluorodecanoate in Fuzhou, China (131.7 pg/g, ww) and Tokyo Bay (118.6 pg/g, ww). The greatest concentrations of perfluorooctanoate, perfluoroheptanoate, and perfluorohexanoate were observed in samples from Tokyo Bay and Bei Hai, South China.
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IPE and alkaline digestion followed by LLE has been widely employed as a pre-treatment method for biological samples in the last decade.
“IPE and alkaline digestion followed by LLE has been widely employed as a pre-treatment method in the last decade [75,76], and eluates are usually subjected to an additional clean-up with an SPE cartridge containing HLB, WAX or ENVI-Carb resin.”
From Worldwide trends in tracing poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment (2019) · cites this paper as [76]
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- Authors
- So, M. K., Taniyasu, S., Lam, P. K. S., Zheng, G. J., Giesy, J. P., & Yamashita, N.
- Affiliations
- City University of Hong Kong (HK)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Lam, P. K. S.
- Venue
- Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
- Published
- 2005-09-16
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 240-248
- ISSN
- 0090-4341 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0703
- OpenAlex
- W2056223772
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- perfluorinated compounds, PFOS, mussels, oysters, alkaline digestion, solid-phase extraction, PFHxS, PFBS, perfluorooctane sulfonamide, perfluorinated carboxylic acids, seafood contamination, Tokyo Bay
- MeSH terms
- Methanol, Animals, China, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Hydroxides, Japan, Lipids, Nylons, Proteins, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Potassium Compounds, Perna, Crassostrea
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