Extraction and clean-up strategies for the analysis of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in environmental and human matrices

van Leeuwen, S.P.J.; de Boer, J.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.069

Cited by 182Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchAnalytical chemistry methods developmentEnvironmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies

Extraction and clean-up strategies for the analysis of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in environmental and human matrices

van Leeuwen, S.P.J., de Boer, J.·2007·Journal of Chromatography A

DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.069

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Abstract

The rapidly expanding field of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) research has resulted in a wide range of analytical methodologies to determine the human and environmental exposure to PFASs. This paper reviews the currently applied techniques for sample pre-treatment, extraction and clean-up for the analysis of ionic and non-ionic PFASs in human and environmental matrices. Solid phase extraction (SPE) is the method of choice for liquid samples (e.g. water, blood, serum, plasma), and may be automated in an on-line set-up for (large volume) sample enrichment and sample clean-up. Prior to SPE, sample pre-treatment (filtration or centrifugation for water or protein precipitation for blood) may be required. Liquid-liquid extraction can also be used for liquid samples (and does not require above mentioned sample pretreatment). Solid-liquid extraction is the commonly applied method for solid matrices (biota, sludge, soil, sediment), but automation options are limited due to contamination from polytetrafluorethylene tubings and parts applied in extraction equipment. Air is generally preconcentrated on XAD-resins sandwiched between polyurethane foam plugs. Clean-up of crude extracts is essential for destruction and removal of lipids and other co-extractives that may interfere in the instrumental determination. SPE, (fluorous) silica column chromatography, dispersive graphitized carbon and destructive methods such as sulphuric acid or KOH treatment can be applied for clean-up of extracts. Care should be taken to avoid contamination (e.g. from sample bottles, filters, equipment) and losses of PFASs (e.g. adsorption, volatilization) during sampling, extraction and clean-up. Storage at -20 degrees C is generally appropriate for conservation of samples.

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Since biological samples consist of complex matrices, development of efficient extraction and clean-up methods has attracted more attention than for other sample types.
“Since biological samples consist of complex matrices, development of efficient extraction and clean-up methods has attracted more attention than for other sample types [6,7,9].”
From Worldwide trends in tracing poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment (2019) · cites this paper as [6]

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Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: Terminology, classification, and origins
Buck, R. C., Franklin, J., Berger, U., Conder, J. M., Cousins, I. T., de Voogt, P., Jensen, A. A., Kannan, K., Mabury, S. A., & van Leeuwen, S. P. (2011) · Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · doi:10.1002/ieam.258 · Cited by 4,641 · see citing works
Comparison of QuEChERS sample preparation methods for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables
Lehotay, S. J., Son, K. A., Kwon, H., Koesukwiwat, U., Fu, W., Maštovská, K., Hoh, E., & Leepipatpiboon, N. (2010) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.044 · Cited by 890 · see citing works
Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the aquatic environment: a review of their occurrence and fate
Ahrens, L. (2011) · J. Environ. Monit. · doi:10.1039/c0em00373e · Cited by 759 · see citing works
Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues
Richardson, S. D. (2009) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac9008012 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Characterisation of human exposure pathways to perfluorinated compounds — Comparing exposure estimates with biomarkers of exposure
Haug, L. S., Huber, S., Becher, G., & Thomsen, C. (2011) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.01.011 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Worldwide trends in tracing poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment
Nakayama, S. F., Yoshikane, M., Onoda, Y., Nishihama, Y., Iwai-Shimada, M., Takagi, M., Kobayashi, Y., & Isobe, T. (2019) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2019.02.011 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Selected physicochemical aspects of poly- and perfluoroalkylated substances relevant to performance, environment and sustainability—Part one
Krafft, M. P., & Riess, J. G. (2014) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.039 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances: current and future perspectives
Kannan, K. (2011) · Environmental Chemistry · doi:10.1071/en11053 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Sensors for detecting per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A critical review of development challenges, current sensors, and commercialization obstacles
Menger, R. F., Funk, E., Henry, C. S., & Borch, T. (2021) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.129133 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Analysis of selected emerging contaminants in sewage sludge
Díaz‐Cruz, M. S., García-Galán, M. J., Guerra, P., Jelić, A., Postigo, C., Eljarrat, E., Farré, M., de Alda, M. L., Petrović, M., & Barceló, ‪. (2009) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2009.09.003 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Analytical methods for the determination of emerging contaminants in sewage sludge samples. A review
Martín-Pozo, L., de Alarcón-Gómez, B., Rodríguez-Gómez, R., García-Córcoles, M. T., Çipa, M., & Zafra‐Gómez, A. (2018) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.056 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Automated on-line column-switching HPLC–MS/MS method for measuring environmental phenols and parabens in serum
Ye, X., Tao, L., Needham, L. L., & Calafat, A. M. (2008) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2008.04.034 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Trace analysis of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in various matrices-How do current methods perform?
Jahnke, A., & Berger, U. (2009) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.098 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Per/polyfluoroalkyl substances production, applications and environmental impacts
Dhore, R., & Murthy, G. S. (2021) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125808 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Longitudinal and Latitudinal Distribution of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds in the Surface Water of the Atlantic Ocean
Ahrens, L., Barber, J. L., Xie, Z., & Ebinghaus, R. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es803507p · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Partitioning of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances from soil to groundwater within aqueous film-forming foam source zones
Hunter Anderson, R., Adamson, D. T., & Stroo, H. F. (2019) · Journal of Contaminant Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.11.011 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
A Review of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in terms of Sources, Applications, Human Exposure, Dietary Intake, Toxicity, Legal Regulation, and Methods of Determination
Sznajder‐Katarzyńska, K., Surma, M., & Cieślik, I. (2019) · Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1155/2019/2717528 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Rapid Degradation and Mineralization of Perfluorooctanoic Acid by a New Petitjeanite Bi 3 O(OH)(PO 4 ) 2 Microparticle Ultraviolet Photocatalyst
Sahu, S. P., Qanbarzadeh, M., Ateia, M., Torkzadeh, H., Maroli, A. S., & Cates, E. L. (2018) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00395 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkylated Substances in the Global Tropical and Subtropical Surface Oceans
González-Gaya, B., Dachs, J., Roscales, J. L., Caballero, G., & Jiménez, B. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es503490z · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on Metabolic Profiles in Brain and Liver of Mouse Revealed by a High-throughput Targeted Metabolomics Approach
Yu, N., Wei, S., Li, M., Yang, J., Li, K., Jin, L. N., Xie, Y., Giesy, J. P., Zhang, X., & Yu, H. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep23963 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
QuEChERS Sample Preparation Approach for Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Foods
Lehotay, S. J. (2011) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-136-9_4 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in various foodstuff packaging materials used in the Greek market
Zafeiraki, E., Costopoulou, D., Vassiliadou, I., Bakeas, E. B., & Leondiadis, L. (2013) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.092 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Needs for reliable analytical methods for monitoring chemical pollutants in surface water under the European Water Framework Directive.
Lepom, P., Brown, B., Hanke, G., Loos, R., Quevauviller, P., & Wollgast, J. (2009) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.06.017 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Environmental Analysis
Rubio, S., & Pérez‐Bendito, D. (2009) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac900738s · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Analytical challenges to determine emerging persistent organic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems
Lorenzo, M., Campo, J., & Picó, Y. (2018) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2018.04.003 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Screening for 32 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including GenX in sludges from 43 WWTPs located in the Czech Republic - Evaluation of potential accumulation in vegetables after application of biosolids
Semerád, J., Hatasová, N., Grasserová, A., Černá, T., Filipová, A., Hanč, A., Innemanová, P., Pivokonský, M., & Cajthaml, T. (2020) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128018 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Review on perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Chinese atmospheric environment
Wang, Q., Ruan, Y., Lin, H., & Lam, P. K. S. (2020) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139804 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Simple, high throughput ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry trace analysis of perfluorinated alkylated substances in food of animal origin: Milk and fish
Lacina, O., Hrádková, P., Pulkrábová, J., & Hajšlová, J. (2011) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.061 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Suspect and nontarget screening approaches to identify organic contaminant records in lake sediments
Chiaia‐Hernández, A. C., Schymanski, E., Kumar, P., Singer, H., & Hollender, J. (2014) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-014-8166-0 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Accumulation of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds in Tibetan Mountain Snow: Temporal Patterns from 1980 to 2010
Wang, X., Halsall, C. J., Codling, G., Xie, Z., Xu, B., Zhao, Z., Xue, Y., Ebinghaus, R., & Jones, K. C. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es4044775 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Determination of perfluorochemicals in biological, environmental and food samples by an automated on-line solid phase extraction ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method
Gosetti, F., Chiuminatto, U., Zampieri, D., Mazzucco, E., Robotti, E., Calabrese, G., Gennaro, M. C., & Marengo, E. (2010) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.049 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Significant improvements in the analysis of perfluorinated compounds in water and fish: results from an interlaboratory method evaluation study
van Leeuwen, S. P. J., Swart, C. P., van der Veen, I., & de Boer, J. (2009) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.029 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Determination of perfluorinated compounds in aquatic organisms: a review
Valsecchi, S. M., Rusconi, M., & Polesello, S. (2012) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-012-6492-7 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Perfluorinated Compounds in Food: A Global Perspective
Picó, Y., Farré, M., Llorca, M., & Barceló, ‪. (2011) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408391003721727 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Photoactivatable Lipid Probes for Studying Biomembranes by Photoaffinity Labeling
Xia, Y., & Peng, L. (2013) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr300419p · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Development and application of a simplified sampling method for volatile polyfluorinated alkyl substances in indoor and environmental air
Jahnke, A., Huber, S., Temme, C., Kylin, H., & Berger, U. (2007) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.06.068 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Recent developments in trace analysis of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances
Berger, U., Kaiser, M. A., Kärrman, A., Barber, J. L., & van Leeuwen, S. P. J. (2011) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-011-4823-8 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of fluoroalkyl sulfonates in riverine water by liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry
Lin, Y., Liu, R., Hu, F., Liu, R., Ruan, T., & Jiang, G. (2016) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.039 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantitation of 30 Legacy and Emerging per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Human Plasma, Including HFPO-DA, DONA, and CC6O4
Frigerio, G., Cafagna, S., Polledri, E., Mercadante, R., & Fustinoni, S. (2022) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-021-03762-1 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Fast screening of perfluorooctane sulfonate in water using vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Papadopoulou, A., Román, I. P., Canals, A., Tyrovola, K., & Psillakis, E. (2011) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.043 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Isomer–Specific Distribution of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Blood
Jin, H., Zhang, Y., Jiang, W., Zhu, L. Y., & Martin, J. W. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b01698 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in groundwater and aqueous soil extracts: using inline SPE-LC-MS/MS for screening and sorption characterisation of perfluorooctane sulphonate and related compounds
Enevoldsen, R., & Juhler, R. K. (2010) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-010-4066-0 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Absorption of short-chain to long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances using swellable organically modified silica
Stebel, E. K., Pike, K. A., Nguyen, H., Hartmann, H. A., Klonowski, M. J., Lawrence, M. G., Collins, R. M., Hefner, C. E., & Edmiston, P. L. (2019) · Environmental Science Water Research & Technology · doi:10.1039/c9ew00364a · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Analysis of fluorotelomer alcohols and perfluorinated sulfonamides in biotic samples by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry
Chu, S., & Letcher, R. J. (2008) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.103 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Determination of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in water and suspended particulate matter in the river Elbe and North Sea, Germany
Ahrens, L., Plassmann, M. M., Xie, Z., & Ebinghaus, R. (2009) · 中国环境科学与工程前沿：英文版 · doi:10.1007/s11783-009-0021-8 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkyl substances in polar bear mother–cub pairs: A comparative study based on plasma levels from 1998 and 2008
Bytingsvik, J., van Leeuwen, S. P. J., Hamers, T., Swart, K., Aars, J., Lie, E., Nilsen, E. M. E., Wiig, Ø., Derocher, A. E., & Jenssen, B. M. (2012) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2012.08.004 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
An analytical method for the determination of perfluorinated compounds in whole blood using acetonitrile and solid phase extraction methods
Yeung, L. W. Y., Taniyasu, S., Kannan, K., Xu, D. Z. Y., Guruge, K. S., Lam, P. K. S., & Yamashita, N. (2009) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.070 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Biogeochemical dynamics of perfluorinated alkyl acids and sulfonates in the River Seine (Paris, France) under contrasting hydrological conditions
Labadie, P., & Chevreuil, M. (2011) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.07.028 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
A rapid method for the determination of perfluoroalkyl substances including structural isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in human serum using 96-well plates and column-switching ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Salihović, S., Kärrman, A., Lindström, G., Lind, P., Lind, L., & van Bavel, B. (2013) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.026 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Combining analytical techniques, exposure assessment and biological effects for risk assessment of chemicals in food
Dorne, J. L. C. M., Dorne, J. L. C. M., Bordajandi, L.-R., Amzal, B., Ferrari, P., & Verger, P. (2009) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2009.03.008 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Maternal Exposure Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Brain, Liver, and Heart of Mouse Fetus: An Explanation for Perfluorooctanoic Acid Induced Abortion and Developmental Toxicity
Salimi, A., Nikoosiar Jahromi, M., & Pourahmad, J. (2019) · Environmental Toxicology · doi:10.1002/tox.22760 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in human breast milk and current analytical methods
Macheka, L. R., Olowoyo, J. O., Mugivhisa, L. L., & Abafe, O. A. (2018) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-018-3483-z · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Nano-enabled sensing of per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from aqueous systems - A review.
Garg, S., Kumar, P., Greene, G. W., Mishra, V., Avisar, D., Sharma, R., & Dumée, L. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114655 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
A fast derivatization procedure for gas chromatographic analysis of perfluorinated organic acids
Dufková, V., Čabala, R., Maradová, D., & Štícha, M. (2009) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.042 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds in Packaging Materials and Textiles Using Pressurized Liquid Extraction with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Lv, G., Wang, L., Liu, S., & Li, S. (2009) · Analytical Sciences · doi:10.2116/analsci.25.425 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Dietary exposure of rainbow trout to 8:2 and 10:2 fluorotelomer alcohols and perfluorooctanesulfonamide: Uptake, transformation and elimination
Brandsma, S. H., Smithwick, M., Solomon, K. R., Small, J. M., de Boer, J., & Muir, D. C. G. (2010) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.050 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Associations of Fetal Growth Outcomes with Measures of the Combined Xenoestrogenic Activity of Maternal Serum Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids in Danish Pregnant Women
Bjerregaard‐Olesen, C., Bach, C. C., Long, M., Wielsøe, M., Bech, B. H., Henriksen, T. B., Olsen, J., & Bonefeld‐Jørgensen, E. C. (2019) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp1884 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
High levels of PFOS in eggs of three bird species in the neighbourhood of a fluoro-chemical plant
López‐Antia, A., Dauwe, T., Meyer, J., Maes, K., Bervoets, L., & Eens, M. (2017) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.040 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
A highly selective dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction approach based on the unique fluorous affinity for the extraction and detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances coupled with high performance liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry
Wang, J., Shi, Y., & Cai, Y. (2018) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.047 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
New approach for assessing human perfluoroalkyl exposure via hair
Alves, A. C. H., Jacobs, G., Vanermen, G., Covaci, A., & Voorspoels, S. (2015) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.009 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Challenges in effect-directed analysis with a focus on biological samples
Simon, E., Lamoree, M. H., Hamers, T., & de Boer, J. (2015) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2015.01.006 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Determination of perfluorocompounds in popcorn packaging by pressurised liquid extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Martínez, M. P. S., & Tena, M. T. (2012) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2012.09.007 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Gas chromatographic determination of perfluorocarboxylic acids in aqueous samples – A tutorial review
Shafique, U., Schulze, S. S., Slawik, C., Kunz, S., Paschke, A., & Schüürmann, G. (2016) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2016.10.026 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Micro solid-phase extraction for the analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in environmental waters
Lockwood, T. E., Talebi, M., Minett, A. I., Mills, S., Doble, P., & Bishop, D. (2019) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460495 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in contaminated coastal marine waters of the Saudi Arabian Red Sea: a baseline study
Ali, A., Higgins, C. P., Alarif, W. M., Al-Lihaibi, S. S., Ghandourah, M. A., & Kallenborn, R. (2020) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09897-5 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Analytical methods for the determination of emerging organic contaminants in the atmosphere
Xie, Z., & Ebinghaus, R. (2008) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.055 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
A rapid method for the detection and quantification of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in bird feathers using UPLC-MS/MS
Groffen, T., Bervoets, L., Jeong, Y., Willems, T., Eens, M., & Prinsen, E. (2021) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122653 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Simultaneous quantitation of perfluoroalkyl acids in human serum and breast milk using on-line sample preparation by HPLC column switching coupled to ESI-MS/MS
Mosch, C., Kiranoglu, M., Fromme, H., & Völkel, W. (2010) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.015 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Development of extraction methods for the analysis of perfluorinated compounds in human hair and nail by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Li, J., Guo, F., Wang, Y., Liu, J., Cai, Z., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., & Wu, Y. (2011) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2011.11.015 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Development and validation of an extraction method for the analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in environmental and biotic matrices
Groffen, T., Lasters, R., Lemière, F., Willems, T., Eens, M., Bervoets, L., & Prinsen, E. (2019) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.03.034 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Current progress in the environmental analysis of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Androulakakis, A., Alygizakis, N. A., Bizani, E., & Τhomaidis, Ν. S. (2022) · Environmental Science Advances · doi:10.1039/d2va00147k · Cited by 51 · see citing works
A new and improved strategy combining a dispersive-solid phase extraction-based multiclass method with ultra high pressure liquid chromatography for analysis of low molecular weight polyphenols in vegetables
Silva, C. L., Haesen, N., & Câmara, J. S. (2012) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.082 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Fast and sensitive determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in seawater
Concha-Graña, E., Fernández‐Martínez, G., López‐Mahía, P., Prada-Rodríguez, D., & Muniategui‐Lorenzo, S. (2018) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.049 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Analysis of perfluorinated compounds in biota by microextraction with tetrahydrofuran and liquid chromatography/ion isolation-based ion-trap mass spectrometry
Luque, N., Ballesteros‐Gómez, A., van Leeuwen, S. P. J., & Rubio, S. (2010) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.014 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) adversely affects the life-cycle of the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum
Bots, J., Bruyn, L. D., Snijkers, T., den Branden, B. V., & GOSSUM, H. V. (2009) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.09.016 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Quantitative analysis of poly- and perfluoroalkyl compounds in water matrices using high resolution mass spectrometry: Optimization for a laser diode thermal desorption method
Munoz, G., Duy, S. V., Budzinski, H., Labadie, P., Liu, J., & Sauvé, S. (2015) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2015.04.015 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Landfill Gas: A Major Pathway for Neutral Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Release
Lin, A. M., Thompson, J. T., Koelmel, J. P., Liu, Y., Bowden, J. A., & Townsend, T. G. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00364 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Determination of C5–C12 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids in river water samples in the Czech Republic by GC–MS after SPE preconcentration
Dufková, V., Čabala, R., & Ševčík, V. (2012) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.029 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Progress in Development of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Sorbents for Sample Preparation
Kloskowski, A., Pilarczyk, M., Przyjazny, A., & Namieśnik, J. (2009) · Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1080/10408340802570223 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Trends in mass spectrometric analysis for human biomonitoring and exposure patterns from recent global cohort studies
Kee, K. H., Seo, J. I., Kim, S. M., Shiea, J., & Yoo, H. H. (2024) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2024.109117 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Organohalogen contaminants of emerging concern in Great Lakes fish: a review
Clement, R. E., Reiner, E. J., & Bhavsar, S. P. (2012) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-012-6300-4 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Fluorous Affinity Chromatography for Enrichment and Determination of Perfluoroalkyl Substances
Marchetti, N., Caciolli, L., Laganà, A., Gasparrini, F., Pasti, L., Dondi, F., & Cavazzini, A. (2012) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac301442m · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Determination of perfluorinated compounds in mollusks by matrix solid-phase dispersion and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Villaverde-de-Sáa, E., Quintana, J. B., Rodil, R., Ferrero-Refojos, R., Rubí, E., & Cela, R. (2011) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-011-5302-y · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Simultaneous analysis of neutral and ionizable per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in air
Wu, R., Lin, H., Yamazaki, E., Taniyasu, S., Sörengård, M., Ahrens, L., Lam, P. K. S., Eun, H., & Yamashita, N. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130607 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Multiresidue analysis of endocrine-disrupting compounds and perfluorinated sulfates and carboxylic acids in sediments by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Cavaliere, C., Capriotti, A. L., Ferraris, F., Foglia, P., Samperi, R., Ventura, S., & Laganà, A. (2016) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.022 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Analysis of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid with a mixed-mode coating-based solid-phase microextraction fiber
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Authors: van Leeuwen, S. P. J., & de Boer, J.
Venue: Journal of Chromatography A
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-06
Volume: 1153
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 172-185
ISSN: 0021-9673 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.069
OpenAlex: W1968617420
Cited by: 182
References: 77
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 1.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Chromatography A (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
Keywords: per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, sample cleanup, solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, solid-liquid extraction, sample preparation, human exposure, environmental exposure, lipid removal, silica gel column chromatography, sample contamination, sample storage
MeSH terms: Body Fluids, Environmental Pollutants, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Sewage, Specimen Handling, Analytic Sample Preparation Methods

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Extraction and clean-up strategies for the analysis of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in environmental and human matrices

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