Cited by 306Spaceflight effects on biologyMuscle Physiology and DisordersCardiovascular and exercise physiology

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Knee extensor and plantar flexor muscle size and function following 90 days of bed rest with or without resistance exercise

Alkner, Bj�rn A., Tesch, Per A.·2004·European Journal of Applied Physiology

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Abstract

Skeletal muscle atrophy and strength loss induced by short-term simulated spaceflight are offset or attenuated by resistance exercise (RE). This study compared the effects of plantar flexor and knee extensor RE on muscle size and function in 17 healthy men (aged 26-41years) subjected to 90 days 6 degrees head-down-tilt bed rest with (BRE; n = 8) or without (BR; n = 9) RE. The RE program consisted of coupled maximal concentric and eccentric actions in the supine squat (4 sets of 7 repetitions) and calf press (4 x 14) every third day employing a gravity-independent flywheel ergometer (FW). Prior to, and following bed rest, muscle volume was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. Similarly, muscle strength and power and surface electromyographic (EMG) activity were determined during maximal actions using FW or isokinetic dynamometry. In BR, knee extensor and plantar flexor muscle volume decreased (P < 0.05) 18% and 29%, respectively. Torque or force and power decreased (P < 0.05) 31 60% (knee extension) and 37-56% (plantar flexion) while knee extensor and plantar flexor EMG activity decreased 31-38% and 28-35%, respectively following BR. Muscle atrophy in BRE was prevented (P > 0.05; knee extensors) or attenuated (-15%; plantar flexors). BRE maintained task-specific force, power and EMG activity. The decrease in non-task-specific torque was less (P < 0.05) than in BR. The present data imply that the triceps surae and quadriceps muscles show different responsiveness to long-term bed rest with or without resistance exercise. The results also suggest that designing in-flight resistance exercise protocols for space travellers is complex and must extend beyond preserving muscle only.

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Authors: Alkner, B. A., & Tesch, P. A.
Affiliations: Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Venue: European Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2004-08-27
Volume: 93
Issue: 3
Pages: 294-305
ISSN: 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
1439-6319
1439-6327
DOI: 10.1007/s00421-004-1172-8
OpenAlex: W2093021904
Cited by: 306
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 9.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Swedish National Space Agency
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Spaceflight effects on biology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords: muscle atrophy, resistance training, bed rest, simulated microgravity, head-down tilt, knee extensors, plantar flexors, muscle volume, muscle strength, muscle power, electromyography, triceps surae, quadriceps, spaceflight countermeasures, squatting
MeSH terms: Adult, Humans, Leg, Male, Exercise, Weightlessness Simulation, Muscle, Skeletal

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Knee extensor and plantar flexor muscle size and function following 90 days of bed rest with or without resistance exercise

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