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Cited by 631Spaceflight effects on biologyMuscle Physiology and DisordersCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Atrophy of the soleus muscle by hindlimb unweighting

Thomason, D. B., Booth, F. W.·1990·Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1152/jappl.1990.68.1.1
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Abstract

The unweighting model is a unique whole animal model that will permit the future delineation of the mechanism(s) by which gravity maintains contractile mass in postural (slow-twitch) skeletal muscle. Since the origination of the model of rodent hindlimb unweighting almost one decade ago, about half of the 59 refereed articles in which this model was utilized have been published in the Journal of Applied Physiology. Thus the purpose of this review is to provide, for those researchers with an interest in the hindlimb unweighting model, a summation of the data derived from this model to data and hopefully to stimulate research interest in aspects of the model for which data are lacking. The stress response of the animal to hindlimb unweighting is transient, minimal in magnitude, and somewhat variable. After 1 wk of unweighting, the animal exhibits no chronic signs of stress. The atrophy of the soleus muscle, a predominantly slow-twitch muscle, is emphasized because unweighting preferentially affects it compared with other calf muscles, which are mainly fast-twitch muscles. The review considers the following information about the unweighted soleus muscle: electromyogram activity, amount and type of protein lost, capillarization, oxidative capacity, glycolytic enzyme activities, fiber cross section, contractile properties, glucose uptake, sensitivity to insulin, protein synthesis and degradation rates, glucocorticoid receptor numbers, responses of specific mRNAs, and changes in me…

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Crossref · 10.1152/jappl.1990.68.1.1

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1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Transferability to other body regions or contractile classes is limited by phenotype, fiber composition, function, and the muscles' task specificity.

    “With reference to Clark (70), the transferability to other body regions or contractile classes is limited by the phenotype (21), fiber composition (71), function [i.e., extensors or flexors (72)], and the muscles’ task specificity (70, 73, 74).”

    From Nonuniform loss of muscle strength and atrophy during bed rest: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [71]

  • Muscles are more or less apt to undergo atrophy in response to unloading or disuse depending on their topography and function.

    “Second, dependent on their topography and function (21), muscles are more or less apt to undergo atrophy in response to unloading or disuse (71, 72).”

    From Nonuniform loss of muscle strength and atrophy during bed rest: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [71]

  • The aforementioned factors may cause cumulative effects, which may account for the particularly steep slope portion in muscle strength.

    “The aforementioned factors may cause cumulative effects (71, 72), which may account for the particularly steep slope portion in muscle strength (21, 93).”

    From Nonuniform loss of muscle strength and atrophy during bed rest: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [71]

  • Strength depends heavily on skeletal muscle mass, which has a major genetic component, and is sensitive to reduced mechanical loading that causes atrophy.

    “Strength is highly dependent upon skeletal muscle mass, which contains a major genetic component (Discussed later in Twin studies-Modulation of twin health by physical activity), and is sensitive to decreased mechanical loading resulting in skeletal muscle atrophy regardless of endowed muscle mass (49, 508).”

    From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [508]

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Authors
Thomason, D. B., & Booth, F. W.
Affiliations
Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77225.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
1990-01-01
Volume
68
Issue
1
Pages
1-12
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
DOI
10.1152/jappl.1990.68.1.1
OpenAlex
W2162539094
Cited by
631
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 25
FWCI
5.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
hindlimb unloading, slow-twitch muscle, muscle protein loss, capillarization, oxidative capacity, glycolytic enzymes, fiber cross-section, glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity, protein synthesis and degradation, glucocorticoid receptor, mRNA expression, muscle metabolites, rat model
MeSH terms
Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Hindlimb, Muscle Contraction, Muscular Atrophy, Weightlessness, Rats

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