Cardiorespiratory synchronization during Zen meditation.
Abstract
The impact of meditation on cardiorespiratory synchronization with respect to breathing oscillations and the modulations of heart rate induced by respiration (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA) was investigated in this study. Four different exercises (spontaneous breathing, mental task, Zen meditation, and Kinhin meditation) were consecutively performed by nine subjects mainly without any experience in meditation. An electrocardiogram and a respiratory trace were recorded simultaneously. On this basis the degree of cardiorespiratory synchronization was quantified by a technique which has been adopted from the analysis of weakly coupled chaotic oscillators. Both types of meditation showed a high degree of synchronization, whereas heartbeat and respiration were hardly synchronized during spontaneous breathing. During the mental task exercise the extent of synchronization was slightly higher than during spontaneous breathing. These results were largely determined by the breathing frequency because the two types of meditation induce low breathing frequencies which led to a pronounced and in-phase RSA. During the meditation the low breathing frequencies led to a decrease in the high frequency of heart rate variability, whereas the low frequency and the extent of RSA increased. The heart rate primarily reflected the degree of physical effort. The high degree of cardiorespiratory synchronization during meditation in unexperienced meditators suggests that the physiological implications of meditation does not require prior experience in meditation.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Inexperienced Zen meditators lock in at 0.1 Hz.
“Even inexperienced Zen meditators ‘lock in’ at 0.1 Hz (Cysarz and Bussing, 2005).”
From Hypothesis: Pulmonary Afferent Activity Patterns During Slow, Deep Breathing Contribute to the Neural Induction of Physiological Relaxation (2019) · cites this paper as Cysarz and Bussing, 2005
Cites
Heart Rate Variability: Standards of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use
Electrophysiology, T. F. O. T. E. S. O. C. T. N. A. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.93.5.1043 · Cited by 17,159 · see citing works
Unraveling the Mystery of Health: How People Manage Stress and Stay Well
Antonovsky, A. (2002) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446221129.n9 · Cited by 5,525 · see citing works
Phase Synchronization of Chaotic Oscillators
Rosenblum, M. G., PIKOVSKY, A. S., & Kurths, J. (1996) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.76.1804 · Cited by 2,755 · see citing works
Long-term meditators self-induce high-amplitude gamma synchrony during mental practice
Lutz, A., Greischar, L. L., Rawlings, N. B., Ricard, M., & Davidson, R. J. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0407401101 · Cited by 1,328 · see citing works
From Phase to Lag Synchronization in Coupled Chaotic Oscillators
Rosenblum, M. G., PIKOVSKY, A. S., & Kurths, J. (1997) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.78.4193 · Cited by 1,293 · see citing works
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in humans: how breathing pattern modulates heart rate
Hirsch, J. A., & Bishop, B. (1981) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1981.241.4.h620 · Cited by 1,105 · see citing works
BERNTSON, G. G., CACIOPPO, J. T., & QUIGLEY, K. S. (1993) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb01731.x · Cited by 998 · see citing works
Important influence of respiration on human R-R interval power spectra is largely ignored
Brown, T. E., Beightol, L. A., Koh, J., & Eckberg, D. L. (1993) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1993.75.5.2310 · Cited by 770 · see citing works
Verteilungsfreie Methoden in der Biostatistik
Bortz, J., Lienert, G. A., & Boehnke, K. (2000) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10786-7 · Cited by 688 · see citing works
Lehrer, P. M., Vaschillo, E. G., & Vaschillo, B. (2000) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1023/a:1009554825745 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Bernardi, L., Wdowczyk‐Szulc, J., Valenti, C., Castoldi, S., Passino, C., Spadacini, G., & Sleight, P. (2000) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00595-7 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Effect of rosary prayer and yoga mantras on autonomic cardiovascular rhythms: comparative study
Bernardi, L., Sleight, P., Bandinelli, G., Cencetti, S., Fattorini, L., Wdowczyc-Szulc, J., & Lagi, A. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7327.1446 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: a frequency dependent phenomenon
Angelone, A., & Coulter, N. A. (1964) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1964.19.3.479 · Cited by 441 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The modulation of the instantaneous heart rate by breathing patterns is known as respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) (Angelone and Coulter 1964; Hirsch and Bishop 1981; Berntson et al. 1993).”
BackgroundHayano, J., Yasuma, F., Okada, A., Mukai, S., & Fujinami, T. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.4.842 · Cited by 332 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Hypercapnia which may result from a lowbreathing frequency, is counterbalanced by adjusting the tidal volume appropriately and by an improved pulmonary gas exchange resulting from RSA (Hayano et al. 1996; Giardino et al. 2003).”
BackgroundSlow Breathing Increases Arterial Baroreflex Sensitivity in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Bernardi, L., Porta, C. D., Spicuzza, L., Bellwon, J., Spadacini, G., Frey, A. W., Yeung, L. Y. C., Sanderson, J. E., Pedretti, R. F. E., & Tramarin, R. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/hc0202.103311 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Effects of respiratory interval on vagal modulation of heart rate
Hayano, J., Mukai, S., Sakakibara, M., Okada, A., Takata, K., & Fujinami, T. (1994) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1994.267.1.h33 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Effect of breathing rate on oxygen saturation and exercise performance in chronic heart failure
Bernardi, L., Spadacini, G., Bellwon, J., Hajric, R., Roskamm, H., & Frey, A. W. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)10341-5 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Heart rate dynamics during three forms of meditation.
Peng, C.-K., Henry, I. C., Mietus, J. E., Hausdorff, J. M., Khalsa, G., Benson, H., & Goldberger, A. L. (2004) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.02.006 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Exaggerated heart rate oscillations during two meditation techniques
Peng, C., Mietus, J. E., Liu, Y., Khalsa, G., Douglas, P. S., Benson, H., & Goldberger, A. L. (1999) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-5273(99)00066-2 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Breathing-control lowers blood pressure
Grossman, E., Grossman, A., Schein, M. H., Zimlichman, R., & Gavish, B. (2001) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001147 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Barnes, V. A., Treiber, F. A., & Davis, H. (2001) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00261-6 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Sudsuang, R., Chentanez, V., & Veluvan, K. (1991) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(91)90543-w · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Zazen and cardiac variability.
Lehrer, P., Sasaki, Y., & Saito, Y. (1999) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199911000-00014 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Travis, F. T. (2001) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(01)00143-x · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Pitzalis, M. V. (1998) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(98)00029-7 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Giardino, N. D., Glenny, R. W., Borson, S., & Chan, L. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00893.2002 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Autonomic changes during "OM" meditation.
Telles, S., Nagarathna, R., & Nagendra, H. R. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Wenneberg, S. R., Schneider, R. H., Walton, K. G., MacLean, C. R. K., Levitsky, D. K., Salerno, J. W., Wallace, R. K., Mandarino, J. V., Rainforth, M. V., & Waziri, R. (1997) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207459708988461 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Analysing Synchronization Phenomena from Bivariate Data by Means of the Hilbert Transform
Rosenblum, M., & Kurths, J. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71949-3_6 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Oscillations of heart rate and respiration synchronize during poetry recitation.
Cysarz, D., von Bonin, D., Lackner, H., Heusser, P., Moser, M., & Bettermann, H. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01131.2003 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of paced respiration on heart period and heart period variability
Stark, R. M., Schienle, A., Walter, B., & Vaitl, D. (2000) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3730302 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Effect of Qi‐training on blood pressure, heart rate and respiration rate
Lee, M. S., Kim, B. G., Huh, H. J., Ryu, H., Lee, H., & Chung, H. (2000) · Clinical Physiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2281.2000.00242.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Effects of speech therapy with poetry on heart rate rhythmicity and cardiorespiratory coordination
Bettermann, H., von Bonin, D., Frühwirth, M., Cysarz, D., & Moser, M. (2002) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-5273(02)00137-7 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A systematic review of neurobiological and clinical features of mindfulness meditations
Chiesa, A., & Serretti, A. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709991747 · Cited by 749 · see citing works
Considerations in the assessment of heart rate variability in biobehavioral research
Quintana, D. S., & Heathers, J. A. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00805 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Age effects on gray matter volume and attentional performance in Zen meditation
Pagnoni, G., & Cekic, M. (2007) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.06.008 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Breath of Life: The Respiratory Vagal Stimulation Model of Contemplative Activity
Gerritsen, R. J. S., & Band, G. P. H. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00397 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Clinical neurocardiology defining the value of neuroscience-based cardiovascular therapeutics
Shivkumar, K., Ajijola, O. A., Anand, I., Armour, J. A., Chen, P., Esler, M., De Ferrari, G. M., Fishbein, M. C., Goldberger, J. J., Harper, R. M., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp271870 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Self-Regulation of Breathing as a Primary Treatment for Anxiety
Jerath, R., Crawford, M. W., Barnes, V. A., & Harden, K. (2015) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-015-9279-8 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Interoception, homeostatic emotions and sympathovagal balance
Strigo, I. A., & Craig, A. D. (. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0010 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Bates, M. E., Buckman, J. F., & Nguyen, T. T. T. (2013) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-013-9228-3 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Enhanced brain connectivity in long-term meditation practitioners
Luders, E., Clark, K., Narr, K. L., & Toga, A. W. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.075 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Noble, D. J., & Hochman, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01176 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
“Even inexperienced Zen meditators ‘lock in’ at 0.1 Hz (Cysarz and Bussing, 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialHinton, D. E., Hofmann, S. G., Pollack, M. H., & Otto, M. W. (2009) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in conscious humans during spontaneous respiration.
Larsen, P. D., Tzeng, Y. C., Sin, P. Y. W., & Galletly, D. C. (2010) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2010.04.021 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Wu, S.-D., & Lo, P.-C. (2008) · Biomedical Research · doi:10.2220/biomedres.29.245 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Slow-waves in the olfactory system: an olfactory perspective on cortical rhythms
Fontanini, A., & Bower, J. M. (2006) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.06.013 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Global and regional alterations of hippocampal anatomy in long‐term meditation practitioners
Eileen Luders, A., Thompson, P. M., Kurth, F., Hong, J., Phillips, O. R., Wang, Y., Gutman, B. A., Chou, Y., Narr, K. L., & Toga, A. W. (2012) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22153 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Delgado-Pastor, L. C., Perakakis, P., Subramanya, P., Telles, S., & Vila, J. (2013) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.07.006 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Coupling of respiration and attention via the locus coeruleus: effects of meditation and pranayama.
Melnychuk, M. C., Dockree, P. M., O'Connell, R. G., Murphy, P. R., Balsters, J. H., & Robertson, I. H. (2018) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13091 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Melville, G. W., Chang, D., Colagiuri, B., Marshall, P. W., & Cheema, B. S. (2012) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2012/501986 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Prayer and healing: A medical and scientific perspective on randomized controlled trials
Andrade, C., & Radhakrishnan, R. (2009) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/0019-5545.58288 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Cysarz, D., Zerm, R., Bettermann, H., Frühwirth, M., Moser, M., & Kröz, M. (2008) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-008-9580-2 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationZen Meditation: An Integration of Current Evidence
Chiesa, A. (2009) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0416 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The spiritual or secular tourist? The experience of Zen meditation in Chinese temples
Jiang, T., Ryan, C., & Zhang, C. (2017) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.10.008 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Clinical utility of paced breathing as a concentration meditation practice
Park, Y.-J., & Park, Y.-B. (2012) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2012.07.008 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Dynamic correlations between heart and brain rhythm during Autogenic meditation
Kim, D.-K., Lee, K.-M., Kim, J., Whang, M., & Kang, S. W. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00414 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-Regulation of Breathing as an Adjunctive Treatment of Insomnia
Jerath, R., Beveridge, C., & Barnes, V. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00780 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Zhang, D., She, J., Zhang, Z., & Yu, M. (2014) · BioMedical Engineering OnLine · doi:10.1186/1475-925x-13-73 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Oscillations of Heart Rate and Respiration Synchronize During Affective Visual Stimulation
Valenza, G., Lanatà, A., & Scilingo, E. P. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine · doi:10.1109/titb.2012.2197632 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Visibility graph analysis on heartbeat dynamics of meditation training
Jiang, S., Bian, C., Ning, X., & Ma, Q. D. Y. (2013) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4812645 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
(2010) · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Heart rate dynamics in different levels of Zen meditation
Peressutti, C., González, J. M. M., Manso, J. M. G., & Mesa, D. (2009) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.06.058 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Heart rate variability indices for very short-term (30 beat) analysis. Part 2: validation
Smith, A.-L., Owen, H., & Reynolds, K. J. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing · doi:10.1007/s10877-013-9473-2 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Meditation: Should a cardiologist care?
Olex, S., Newberg, A. B., & Figueredo, V. M. (2013) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.06.086 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effects of mental tasks on the cardiorespiratory synchronization
Zhang, J., Yu, X., & Xie, D. (2009) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2009.11.003 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Stepanova, E. R., Quesnel, D. T., & Riecke, B. E. (2019) · Frontiers in Digital Humanities · doi:10.3389/fdigh.2019.00007 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Cardiorespiratory phase synchronization during normal rest and inward-attention meditation
Wu, S.-D., & Lo, P.-C. (2009) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.11.137 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Incoherent oscillations of respiratory sinus arrhythmia during acute mental stress in humans
Niizeki, K., & Saitoh, T. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00746.2011 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Reorganization of the brain and heart rhythm during autogenic meditation
Kim, D.-K., Rhee, J.-H., & Kang, S. W. (2014) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2013.00109 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Heinskou, M. B., & Liebst, L. S. (2016) · Sociological Forum · doi:10.1111/socf.12248 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Dynamic Change of Awareness during Meditation Techniques: Neural and Physiological Correlates
Jerath, R., Barnes, V. A., Dillard-Wright, D. B., Jerath, S., & Hamilton, B. N. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00131 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Psychological predictors of the antihypertensive effects of music-guided slow breathing
Modesti, P. A., Ferrari, A., Bazzini, C., Costanzo, G., Simonetti, I., Taddei, S., Biggeri, A., Parati, G., Gensini, G. F., & Sirigatti, S. (2010) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283362762 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Thinking about breathing: Effects on respiratory sinus arrhythmia
Mortola, J. P., Marghescu, D., & Siegrist-Johnstone, R. (2016) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2015.12.004 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Heart rate variability during mindful breathing meditation
Natarajan, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1017350 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Effects of slow and regular breathing exercise on cardiopulmonary coupling and blood pressure
Zhang, Z., Wang, B., Wu, H., Chai, X., Wang, W., & Peng, C.-K. (2017) · Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing · doi:10.1007/s11517-016-1517-6 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Slow Breathing Training Reduces Resting Blood Pressure and the Pressure Responses to Exercise
Jones, C. U., Sangthong, B., Pachirat, O., & Jones, D. A. (2015) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.932950 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ooishi, Y., Fujino, M., Inoue, V., Nomura, M., & Kitagawa, N. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.675899 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Günther, M., Bartsch, R. P., Miron, Y., Hassin‐Baer, S., Inzelberg, R., Kurths, J., Plotnik, M., & Kantelhardt, J. W. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00870 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Leyro, T. M., Buckman, J. F., & Bates, M. E. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.03.008 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hemodynamic effects of slow breathing: does the pattern matter beyond the rate?
Paprika, D., Gingl, Z., Rudas, L., & Zöllei, É. (2014) · Acta Physiologica Hungarica · doi:10.1556/aphysiol.101.2014.3.2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Laurino, M. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroengineering · doi:10.3389/fneng.2012.00004 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Jerath, R., Barnes, V., & Crawford, M. W. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Spellenberg, C., Heusser, P., Büssing, A., Savelsbergh, A., & Cysarz, D. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72034-2 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationChaotic Behavior of Heart Rate Signals during Chi and Kundalini Meditation
Goshvarpour, A., & Goshvarpour, A. (2012) · International Journal of Image Graphics and Signal Processing · doi:10.5815/ijigsp.2012.02.04 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Heart Rate Variability: A Tool to Explore Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Health and Disease
Vigo, D. E., Siri, L. N., & Cardinali, D. P. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95360-1_10 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Implications of Tamarkoz on stress, emotion, spirituality and heart rate
Bahadorani, N., Lee, J. W., & Martin, L. R. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93470-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bischof, M. (2008) · NeuroQuantology · doi:10.14704/nq.2008.6.4.200 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Device-guided slow-breathing effects on end-tidal CO2and heart-rate variability
Anderson, D. E., McNeely, J. D., & Windham, B. G. (2009) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548500903322791 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Effect of Stress on Cardiorespiratory Synchronization of Ironman Athletes
Angelova, M. N., Holloway, P. M., Shelyag, S., Rajasegarar, S., & Rauch, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.612245 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Single-lead ECG based autonomic nervous system assessment for meditation monitoring
Park, C., Youn, I., & Han, S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-27121-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Marchiori, M. D. F. R., Kozasa, E. H., Miranda, R. D., Andrade, A. L. M., Perrotti, T. C., & Leite, J. R. (2014) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.12414 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Larkey, L., Kim, S. W., James, D. L., Kishida, M., Vizcaíno, M., Huberty, J., & Krishnamurthi, N. (2020) · Integrative Cancer Therapies · doi:10.1177/1534735420949677 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Multifractal analysis of heartbeat dynamics during meditation training
Song, R., Bian, C., & Ma, Q. D. Y. (2012) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2012.11.050 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Distinct Neural Processing of Acute Stress in Major Depression and Borderline Personality Disorder
Villarreal, M. F., Wainsztein, A., Mercè, R. Á., Goldberg, X., Castro, M. N., Brusco, L. I., de Guevara, S. L., Bodurka, J., Paulus, M. P., Menchón, J. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.055 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Bögge, L., Colás-Blanco, I., & Piolino, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.791498 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ren, Y., & Zhang, J. (2019) · BioMedical Engineering OnLine · doi:10.1186/s12938-019-0683-9 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Mathematical modeling the neuroregulation of blood pressure using a cognitive top-down approach
Ewing, G. W. (2010) · North American Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.4297/najms.2010.2341 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Shaku, F., Tsutsumi, M., Goto, H., & Arnault, D. S. (2013) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2013.0209 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Analysis of heart rate variability signal during meditation using deterministic-chaotic quantifiers
Kamath, C. (2013) · Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology · doi:10.3109/03091902.2013.828106 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Correlation between Fluctuations in Human Ultra-weak Photon Emission and EEG Alpha Rhythm
Wijk, R. V., Bosman, S., Ackerman, J., & van Wijk, E. (2008) · NeuroQuantology · doi:10.14704/nq.2008.6.4.201 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Cairo, B., de Abreu, R. M., Bari, V., Gelpi, F., MARIA, B. D., Rehder‐Santos, P., Sakaguchi, C. A., da Silva, C. D., Signini, É. D. F., Catai, A. M., et al. (2021) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2020.0251 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Eurythmy therapy increases specific oscillations of heart rate variability
Edelhäuser, F., Minnerop, A., Trapp, B., Büssing, A., & Cysarz, D. (2015) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0684-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationRepeatable Effects of Synchronizing Perceptual Tasks with Heartbeat on Situation Awareness
Vanderhaegen, F., Wolff, M., & Mollard, R. (2022) · Cognitive Systems Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2023.05.005 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mejía‐Mejía, E., Torres, R., & Restrepo, D. (2017) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13046 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Autonomic system modification in zen practitioners
Fiorentini, A., Ora, J., & Tubani, L. (2013) · Indian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/0019-5359.125877 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Top Mysteries of the Mind: Insights From the Default Space Model of Consciousness
Jerath, R., & Beveridge, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00162 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cardiorespiratory and autonomic-nervous-system functioning of drug abusers treated by Zen meditation
Lo, P.-C., Tsai, P.-H., Kang, H.-J., & Tian, W. J. M. (2018) · Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.01.005 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A robust approach for ECG-based analysis of cardiopulmonary coupling
Zheng, J., Wang, W., Zhang, Z., Wu, D., Wu, H., & Peng, C. (2016) · Medical Engineering & Physics · doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.02.015 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Millon, E. M., Lehrer, P. M., & Shors, T. J. (2022) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-021-09530-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Lee, T. J., & Xiong, Y. (2019) · International Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1002/jtr.2306 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Silence and its effects on the autonomic nervous system: A systematic review
Donelli, D., Lazzeroni, D., Rizzato, M., & Antonelli, M. (2023) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.08.001 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Efficacy of yoga for mental performance in university students
Ganpat, T., Nagendra, H., & Selvi, V. (2013) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/0019-5545.120550 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Effects of 24-h acute total sleep deprivation on physiological coupling in healthy young adults
Liu, H., Yu, X., Wang, G., Han, Y., & Wang, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.952329 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cairo, B., Bari, V., Gelpi, F., MARIA, B. D., Barbic, F., Furlan, R., & Porta, A. (2024) · Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science · doi:10.1063/5.0237304 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Koen, B. D. (2013) · Ethos · doi:10.1111/etho.12014 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Distension‐induced gastric accommodation in functional dyspepsia: effect of autonomic manipulation
Lunding, J. A., Gilja, O. H., Hausken, T., Bayati, A. I., Mattsson, H., & Berstad, A. (2007) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00896.x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Selfless minds, unlimited bodies? Homeostatic bodily self-regulation in meditative experiences
Ciaunica, A. (2024) · Journal of Consciousness Studies · doi:10.53765/20512201.31.5.104 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chhabra, D., Kharya, C., PremKrishanan, A., Singh, P., Bhagat, O. L., Deepak, K. K., & Kochupillai, V. (2024) · Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100867 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Earable ZEN: Development of an Earphone-Type Zazen Support Wearable System
Taniguchi, K., & Nishikawa, A. (2018) · Journal of Healthcare Engineering · doi:10.1155/2018/1838563 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mortola, J. P., Marghescu, D., Siegrist‐Johnstone, R., & Matthes, E. (2019) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2019.103331 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lee, E.-J., & Bhattacharya, J. (2013) · Music and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1943862113496119 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
An investigation on the influence of yogic methods on heart rate variability
Senthilnathan, S., Patel, R., Mariyappa, N., Katholil, G., Janawadkar, M. P., Radhakrishnan, T. S., & Sharma, K. K. (2018) · Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology · doi:10.1111/anec.12584 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Activation of Sympathetic Nervous System as a Biomarker for Deep Meditation
Guo, M., Guo, X., Wang, M., Wang, X., Xue, T., Wang, Z., Li, H., Xu, T., He, B., Cui, D., et al. (2019) · International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering · doi:10.1109/ner.2019.8717006 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Two Operational Modes of Cardio-Respiratory Coupling Revealed by Pulse-Respiration Quotient
Kalauzi, A. J., Matić, Z., Platiša, M. M., & Bojić, T. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10020180 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Neuroscience of Spiritual Experience in Organizations
Smith, A. C. T. (2008) · Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion · doi:10.1080/14766080809518687 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
On the cardiorespiratory coordination assessed by the photoplethysmography imaging technique
Borik, Š., Keller, M., Perlitz, V., Lyra, S., Pelz, H., Müller, G., Leonhardt, S. K., & Blažek, V. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41828-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Analogy between classical Yoga/Zen breathing and modern clinical respiratory therapy
Tobe, M., & Saito, S. (2020) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-020-02840-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gratadour, P., Cividjian, A., Sagnard, P. E., Parlow, J. L., Viale, J. P., & Quintin, L. (2007) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.04.138 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Link between Yoga and Heart Rate Variability: Can Yoga Enhance the Cardiac Resonance
Kumari, S., Nadholta, P., Dahiya, N., Sharma, A. K., Singh, H., Kumar, S., & Singh, G. (2024) · International Journal of Yoga · doi:10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_50_24 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A New Heartbeat-Respiration Coupling Metric for Relaxation/Stress Monitoring
Han, J., & Zhang, J. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2024.3508097 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Alzaabi, Y., & Khandoker, A. H. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.01.036 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Iglesias, S. L., Azzara, S. H., Granchetti, H. N., Lagomarsino, E., & Vigo, D. E. (2013) · European Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2013.11.004 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cysarz, D., & Büssing, A.
- Affiliations
- Witten/Herdecke University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Cysarz, Dirk
- Venue
- European Journal of Applied Physiology
- Published
- 2005-06-07
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 88-95
- ISSN
- 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-6319
- 1439-6327
- OpenAlex
- W1995023224
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 3.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- cardiorespiratory synchronization, Zen meditation, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, meditation experience, physical exertion, cognitive tasks
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Adult, Biological Clocks, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Pulmonary Ventilation, Statistics as Topic, Respiratory Mechanics, Meditation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
