Body mapping of sweating patterns in male athletes in mild exercise-induced hyperthermia
Open accessAbstract
Regional variation in sweating over the body is widely recognised. However, most studies only measured a limited number of regions, with the use of differing thermal states across studies making a good meta-analysis to obtain a whole body map problematic. A study was therefore conducted to investigate regional sweat rates (RSR) and distributions over the whole body in male athletes. A modified absorbent technique was used to collect sweat at two exercise intensities [55% (I1) and 75% (I2) VO₂(max)] in moderately warm conditions (25°C, 50% rh, 2 m s(-1) air velocity). At I1 and I2, highest sweat rates were observed on the central (upper and mid) and lower back, with values as high as 1,197, 1,148, and 856 g m(-2) h(-1), respectively, at I2. Lowest values were observed on the fingers, thumbs, and palms, with values of 144, 254, and 119 g m(-2) h(-1), respectively at I2. Sweat mapping of the head demonstrated high sweat rates on the forehead (1,710 g m(-2) h(-1) at I2) compared with low values on the chin (302 g m(-2) h(-1) at I2) and cheeks (279 g m(-2) h(-1) at I2). Sweat rate increased significantly in all regions from the low to high exercise intensity, with exception of the feet and ankles. No significant correlation was present between RSR and regional skin temperature (T (sk)), nor did RSR correspond to known patterns of regional sweat gland density. The present study has provided detailed regional sweat data over the whole body and has demonstrated large intra- and inter-segmental variation and the presence of consistent patterns of regional high versus low sweat rate areas in Caucasians male athletes. This data may have important applications for clothing design, thermophysiological modelling and thermal manikin design.
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In nine human subjects during intermediate-level cycle ergometer exercise under 38°C and 50% relative humidity, sweat rates measured on the lower back were typically about 2.3-fold greater than on the volar forearm.
“Although the rates exhibited great variation among individual subjects, those measured on the lower back were typically ~2.3-fold greater than on the volar forearm, consistent with expectations from studies using conventional techniques (54).”
From A soft, wearable microfluidic device for the capture, storage, and colorimetric sensing of sweat (2016) · cites this paper as [54]
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- Authors
- Smith, C. J., & Havenith, G.
- Affiliations
- Loughborough University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Havenith, George
- Venue
- European Journal of Applied Physiology
- Published
- 2010-12-12
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1391-1404
- ISSN
- 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-6319
- 1439-6327
- OpenAlex
- W2062341645
- Cited by
- 375
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 8.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- libres.uncg.edu
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) (submittedVersion)
- Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Appalachian State University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- exercise-induced hyperthermia, male athletes, exercise intensity, skin temperature, sweat gland density, clothing design
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Composition, Body Surface Area, Body Temperature Regulation, Environment, Controlled, Exercise Test, Fever, Humans, Male, Skin Temperature, Sweating, Exercise, Young Adult, Athletes
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