Value of measuring muscle performance to assess changes in lean mass with testosterone and growth hormone supplementation
Open accessAbstract
We hypothesized that treatment with testosterone (T) and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) would increase lean mass (LM) and muscle strength proportionally and an in a linear manner over 16 weeks. This was a multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-masked investigation of T and rhGH supplementation in older (71 ± 4 years) community-dwelling men. Participants received transdermal T at either 5 or 10 g/day as well as rhGH at 0, 3.0 or 5.0 μg/kg/day for 16 weeks. Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and muscle performance by composite one-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength and strength per unit of lean mass (muscle quality, MQ) for five major muscle groups (upper and lower body) at baseline, week 8 and 17. The average change in total LM at study week 8 compared with baseline was 1.50 ± 1.54 kg (P < 0.0001) in the T only group and 2.64 ± 1.7 (P < 0.0001) in the T + rhGH group and at week 17 was 1.46 ± 1.48 kg (P < 0.0001) in the T only group and 2.14 ± 1.96 kg (P < 0.0001) in the T + rhGH group. 1-RM strength improved modestly in both groups combined (12.0 ± 23.9%, P < 0.0001) at week 8 but at week 17 these changes were twofold greater (24.7 ± 31.0%, P < 0.0001). MQ did not significantly change from baseline to week 8 but increased for the entire cohort, T only, and T + rhGH groups by week 17 (P < 0.001). Despite sizeable increases in LM measurements at week 8, tests of muscle performance did not show substantive improvements at this time point.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Improvements in lean mass do not directly result in improved function after testosterone therapy.
“Improvements in lean mass do not directly result in improved function after testosterone therapy409.”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [409]
The Discussion reports that large lean-mass gains at week 8 were not accompanied by large improvements in muscle function, supporting the point that the gains did not immediately translate into functional improvement. But it also reports more substantial strength and muscle-performance gains by week 17, so the claim is too broad without a timing qualifier. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn select older men over 60 years with testosterone deficiency and frailty, body composition and quality of life improved after testosterone supplementation.
“In select older men over the age of 60 years with testosterone deficiency and frailty, body composition and quality of life improved following supplementation with testosterone409–411.”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [409]
The Results (‘Changes in body composition’; page not provided) report increased lean mass in older men receiving testosterone, supporting the body-composition portion. The Methods (‘Study participants’; page not provided) specify men aged 65–90 with testosterone in the lower portion of the adult range, but do not establish that they were frail or testosterone-deficient. The paper does not report an improvement in quality of life. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDespite significant increases in lean mass after testosterone and GH treatment, tests of muscle performance do not necessarily show substantial improvements after 8 weeks.
“However, despite significant increases in lean mass after treatment with testosterone and GH, tests of muscle performance do not necessarily show substantial improvements after 8 weeks.88”
From Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: The effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases (2014) · cites this paper as [88]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Epidemiology of Sarcopenia among the Elderly in New Mexico
Baumgartner, R. N., Koehler, K. M., Gallagher, D., Romero, L., Heymsfield, S. B., Ross, R. R., Garry, P. J., & Lindeman, R. D. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009520 · Cited by 4,004 · see citing works
Longitudinal Effects of Aging on Serum Total and Free Testosterone Levels in Healthy Men
Harman, S. M., Metter, E. J., Tobin, J. D., Pearson, J., & Blackman, M. R. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.2.7219 · Cited by 2,760 · see citing works
Newman, A. B., Kupelian, V., Visser, M., Simonsick, E. M., Goodpaster, B. H., Kritchevsky, S. B., Tylavsky, F. A., Rubin, S. M., Harris, T. B., & on Behalf of the Health, A. A. B. C. S. I. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.1.72 · Cited by 1,692 · see citing works
Aging of skeletal muscle: a 12-yr longitudinal study
Frontera, W. R., Hughes, V. A., Fielding, R. A., Fiatarone, M. A., Evans, W. J., & Roubenoff, R. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.4.1321 · Cited by 1,443 · see citing works
Self-citationDepressive Symptoms and Physical Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Persons
Penninx, B. W. J. H. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.21.1720 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Total-body skeletal muscle mass: Estimation by a new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method
Kim, J., Wang, Z., Heymsfield, S. B., Baumgartner, R. N., & Gallagher, D. (2002) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.2.378 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
Muscle quality. I. Age-associated differences between arm and leg muscle groups
Lynch, N. A., Metter, E. J., Lindle, R. S., Fozard, J. L., Tobin, J. D., Roy, T. A., Fleg, J. L., & Hurley, B. F. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.86.1.188 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Page, S. T., Amory, J. K., Bowman, F. D., Anawalt, B. D., Matsumoto, A. M., Bremner, W. J., & Tenover, J. L. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1933 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Effect of Testosterone Treatment on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Men Over 65 Years of Age
Snyder, P. J. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.84.8.2647 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Emmelot-Vonk, M. H., Verhaar, H. J. J., Nakhai Pour, H. R., Aleman, A., Lock, T. M. T. W., Bosch, J. L. H. R., Grobbee, D. E., & van der Schouw, Y. T. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2007.51 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Kenny, A. M., Prestwood, K. M., Gruman, C. A., Marcello, K. M., & Raisz, L. G. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.5.m266 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Blackman, M. R. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.18.2282 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Muscle quality. II. Effects of strength training in 65- to 75-yr-old men and women
Tracy, B. L., Ivey, F. M., Hurlbut, D., Martel, G. F., Lemmer, J. T., Siegel, E. L., Metter, E. J., Fozard, J. L., Fleg, J. L., & Hurley, B. F. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.86.1.195 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Proof of the effect of testosterone on skeletal muscle
Bhasin, S., Woodhouse, L. J., & Storer, T. W. (2001) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1700027 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Self-citationTestosterone supplementation therapy for older men: potential benefits and risks
Gruenewald, D. A., & Matsumoto, A. M. (2003) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1034/j.1601-5215.2002.51018.x · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Bassey, E. J., Bendall, M. J., & Pearson, M. (1988) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0740085 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Testosterone and Growth Hormone Improve Body Composition and Muscle Performance in Older Men
Sattler, F. R., Castaneda-Sceppa, C., Binder, E. F., Schroeder, E. T., Wang, Y., Bhasin, S., Kawakubo, M., Stewart, Y., Yarasheski, K. E., Ulloor, J., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2338 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, W., O'Connell, B. C., Dykeman, R., Sakai, T., Delporte, C., Swaim, W. D., Zhu, M. X., Birnbaumer, L., & Ambudkar, I. S. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1999.276.4.c969 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Endogenous Testosterone Levels, Physical Performance, and Fall Risk in Older Men
ORWOLL, E. S. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.19.2124 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Corpas, E., Harman, S. M., Piñeyro, M. A., Roberson, R. B., & Blackman, M. R. (1992) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.75.2.1379256 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Giannoulis, M. G., Sonksen, P. H., Umpleby, M., Breen, L., Pentecost, C., Whyte, M., McMillan, C. V., Bradley, C., & Martin, F. C. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0957 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Hydration of fat-free body mass: new physiological modeling approach
Wang, Z., Deurenberg, P., Wang, W., Pietrobelli, A., Baumgartner, R. N., & Heymsfield, S. B. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.6.e995 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Meinhardt, U., Nelson, A. E., Hansen, J. L., Birzniece, V., Clifford, D., Leung, K.-C., Graham, K., & Ho, K. K. Y. (2010) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-152-9-201005040-00007 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Depressed Mood and Body Mass Index as Predictors of Muscle Strength Decline in Old Men
Rantanen, T., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Masaki, K., Lintunen, T., Foley, D., & Guralnik, J. M. (2000) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04717.x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Significance of Sarcopenia in the Elderly
Dutta, C. (1997) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/127.5.992s · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Johannsson, G., Gibney, J., Wolthers, T., Leung, K., & Ho, K. K. Y. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0553 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Clague, J. E., Wu, F. C. W., & Horan, M. A. (1999) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2605.1999.00177.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
St‐Onge, M., Wang, Z., Horlick, M., Wang, J., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00361.2003 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Nature of Altered Growth Hormone Secretion in Hyperthyroidism*
Iranmanesh, A., LIZARRALDE, G., Johnson, M. L., & Veldhuis, J. D. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-72-1-108 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Reliability of Maximal Voluntary Muscle Strength and Power Testing in Older Men
Schroeder, E. T., Wang, Y., Castaneda‐Sceppa, C., Cloutier, G. J., Vallejo, A. F., Kawakubo, M., Jensky, N. E., Coomber, S., Azen, S. P., & Sattler, F. R. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/62.5.543 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationAndrogen therapy improves muscle mass and strength but not muscle quality: results from two studies
Schroeder, E. T., Terk, M. R., & Sattler, F. R. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00032.2003 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationSattler, F. R., Bhasin, S., He, J., Chou, C.-P., Castaneda‐Sceppa, C., Yarasheski, K. E., Binder, E. F., Schroeder, E. T., Kawakubo, M., Zhang, A., et al. (2010) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glq183 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationTestosterone Replacement Therapy for Older Men
Wald, M., Meacham, R. B., Ross, L. S., & NIEDERBERGER, C. S. (2006) · Journal of Andrology · doi:10.2164/jandrol.05036 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Six-Week Improvements in Muscle Mass and Strength During Androgen Therapy in Older Men
Schroeder, E. T., Vallejo, A. F., Zheng, L., Stewart, Y., Flores, C., Nakao, S., Martinez, C., & Sattler, F. R. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.12.1586 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationGrowth Hormone, Exercise, and Athletic Performance
Kraemer, W. J., Dunn‐Lewis, C., Comstock, B. A., Thomas, G. A., Clark, J. E., & Nindl, B. C. (2010) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0b013e3181e976df · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Inaba, M., Kurajoh, M., Okuno, S., Imanishi, Y., Yamada, S., Mori, K., Ishimura, E., Yamakawa, T., & Nishizawa, Y. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Schroeder, E. T., Castaneda‐Sceppa, C., Wang, Y., Binder, E. F., Kawakubo, M., Stewart, Y., Storer, T. W., Roubenoff, R., Bhasin, S., Yarasheski, K. E., et al. (2007) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1177/1740774507083569 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 39 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies
Batsis, J. A., & Villareal, D. T. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0062-9 · Cited by 1,382 · see citing works
Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: The effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases
Kalyani, R. R., Corriere, M., & Ferrucci, L. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70034-8 · Cited by 1,102 · see citing works
Kelly, D. M., & Jones, T. H. (2015) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12282 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
The role of androgens and estrogens on healthy aging and longevity
Horstman, A. M., Dillon, E. L., Urban, R. J., & Sheffield-Moore, M. (2012) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/gls068 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Dobs, A. S., Boccia, R. V., Croot, C. C., Gabrail, N. Y., Dalton, J. T., Hancock, M. L., Johnston, M. A., & Steiner, M. S. (2013) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70055-x · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Corona, G., Giagulli, V. A., Maseroli, E., Vignozzi, L., Aversa, A., Zitzmann, M., Saad, F., Mannucci, E., & Maggi, M. (2016) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-15-0262 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Treatment of sporadic inclusion body myositis with bimagrumab
Amato, A. A., Sivakumar, K., Goyal, N., David, W. S., Salajegheh, M., Praestgaard, J., Lach-Trifilieff, E., Trendelenburg, A.-U., Laurent, D., Glass, D. J., et al. (2014) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000001070 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationCorona, G., Giagulli, V. A., Maseroli, E., Vignozzi, L., Aversa, A., Zitzmann, M., Saad, F., Mannucci, E., & Maggi, M. (2016) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-016-0480-2 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Sarcopenic Obesity: Epidemiologic Evidence, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Perspectives
Koliaki, C., Liatis, S., Dalamaga, M., & Kokkinos, A. (2019) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-019-00359-9 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Hofmann, M., Schober-Halper, B., Oesen, S., Franzke, B., Tschan, H., Bachl, N., Strasser, E.-M., Quittan, M., Wagner, K., & Wessner, B. (2016) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3344-8 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Fuggle, N. R., Shaw, S., Dennison, E. M., & Cooper, C. C. (2017) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2017.11.007 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Klimek, M., Galbarczyk, A., Nenko, I., Alvarado, L. C., & Grazyna Jasienska, A. (2014) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.3109/03014460.2014.902993 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Comprehensive Approach to Sarcopenia Treatment
Wakabayashi, H., & Sakuma, K. (2014) · Current Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1574884708666131111192845 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Muscle Quality in Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Alves, C. P. D. L., de Almeida, S. B., Lima, D. P., Neto, P. B., Miranda, A. L., Manini, T. M., Vlietstra, L., Waters, D. L., Bielemann, R. M., Correa‐de‐Araujo, R., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2023.02.012 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Kvorning, T., Christensen, L. L., Madsen, K., Nielsen, J. L., Gejl, K. D., Brixen, K., & Andersen, M. (2013) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12279 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Perkisas, S., Cock, A. D., Verhoeven, V., & Vandewoude, M. F. J. (2016) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2015.12.016 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Chen, L.-Y., Wu, Y., Liu, L.-K., Lee, W., Hwang, A., Peng, L., Lin, M.-H., & Chen, L. (2017) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2016.1882 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Wu, B. W., Lorezanza, D., Badash, I., Berger, M., Lane, C. J., Sum, J. C., Hatch, G. F. R., & Schroeder, E. T. (2017) · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/2325967117722794 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationOxandrolone Augmentation of Resistance Training in Older Women
Mavros, Y., O’Neill, E. F., CONNERTY, M., Bean, J. F., Broe, K. E., Kiel, D. P., MacLean, D. B., TAYLOR, A., Fielding, R. A., & Singh, M. A. F. (2015) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000690 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Prospect for Pharmacological Therapies to Treat Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction
Meriggioli, M. N., & Roubenoff, R. (2014) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-014-9926-8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationTay, L., Leung, B. P. L., Wee, S. L., Tay, K. S., Ali, N., Chan, M. Y., & Lim, W. S. (2017) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2017.11.008 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Fertility and Female and Male Reproductive Systems
Markiewicz-Gospodarek, A., Wdowiak, P., Czeczelewski, M., Forma, A., Flieger, J., Januszewski, J., Radzikowska-Büchner, E., & Baj, J. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10194520 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Combined Effects of Growth Hormone and Testosterone Replacement Treatment in Heart Failure
Salzano, A., Marra, A. M., Arcopinto, M., D’Assante, R., Triggiani, V., Coscioni, E., Pasquali, D., Rengo, G., Suzuki, T., Bossone, E., et al. (2019) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.12520 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Bioelectrical impedance analysis in managing sarcopenic obesity in NAFLD”
Hanna, D. J., Jamieson, S. T., Lee, C. S., Pluskota, C. A., Bressler, N., Benotti, P. N., Khurana, S., Rolston, D. D. K., & Still, C. D. (2021) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.509 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wu, B. W., Berger, M., Sum, J. C., Hatch, G. F. R., & Schroeder, E. T. (2014) · BMC Surgery · doi:10.1186/1471-2482-14-102 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationThe college admissions contribution to the labor market beauty premium
Ong, D. (2022) · Contemporary Economic Policy · doi:10.1111/coep.12570 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Fierro Rodríguez, D. (2025) · Revista de Derecho Civil · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Associations between 2D:4D digit ratio and handgrip strength in a Central European population
Kuderer, S., Rotter, C. E., & Kirchengast, S. (2025) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106315 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Nutrition, Exercise, and Pharmaceutical Therapies for Sarcopenic Obesity
Wakabayashi, H., & Sakuma, K. (2013) · Journal of Nutritional Therapeutics · doi:10.6000/1929-5634.2013.02.02.5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Study of Testosterone and Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
Heatwole, C. R., Luebbe, E. A., Hamel, J., Mongiovi, P. C., Ciafaloni, E., Dilek, N., Martens, W. B., Weber, D. R., Rashid, H. H., McKeown, J. A., et al. (2025) · Neurology Genetics · doi:10.1212/nxg.0000000000200292 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Complex Relation between Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength
Manini, T. M., Russ, D. W., & Clark, B. C. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118338032.ch6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Cao, R., Li, W., Fu, H., Zhu, J., Xu, X., Wang, R., Peng, Z., & Fu, L. (2024) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.24160 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sex Steroids, Cognate Receptors, and Aging
Bagchi, G., Dash, A. K., Kumar, S., Jiang, S., Ahn, S., Chatterjee, B., & Tyagi, R. K. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3585-3_13
The College Admissions Contribution to the Labor Market Beauty PremiumPreprint
Ong, D. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3521798
Associations between 2d:4d Digit Ratio and Handgrip Strength in an Austrian PopulationPreprint
Kuderer, S., Rotter, C. E., & Kirchengast, S. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5236005
Tang, W., Liu, X., & Li, Y. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07163-w
Ohta, T., Hatanaka, S., Li, J., Furuya, K., Kinoshita, K., Otsuka, R., Kawamura, M., Watanabe, Y., Matsudaira, K., Oka, H., et al. (2026) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2026.103271
- Authors
- Schroeder, E. T., He, J., Yarasheski, K. E., Binder, E. F., Castaneda-Sceppa, C., Bhasin, S., Dieli-Conwright, C. M., Kawakubo, M., Roubenoff, R., Azen, S. P., & Sattler, F. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schroeder, E. Todd
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Applied Physiology
- Published
- 2011-07-12
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1123-1131
- ISSN
- 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-6319
- 1439-6327
- PMC
- PMC3448487
- OpenAlex
- W2024861227
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- School of Medicine, Boston University
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
- National Institutes of Health (5p60dk020579-35, 5p41rr000954-34)
- National Institute on Aging (U01AG014369, U01 AG14369, R01 AG18169, R01AG018169)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P41GM103422)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 056341, R01DK070534, R01DK049393, 1R01DK70534, DK‐020579, P60-DK-020579, P30DK056341, P30DK020579)
- National Center for Research Resources (P41-RR000954, M0I RR000043, RR-000954, M01RR000054, M01RR000043, M01RR000036)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- testosterone supplementation, recombinant human growth hormone, lean body mass, muscle performance, muscle strength, muscle quality, one-repetition maximum, older men, transdermal testosterone, body composition
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Body Composition, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Testosterone, Thinness, Geriatric Assessment, Muscle, Skeletal, Human Growth Hormone, Muscle Strength, Athletic Performance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
