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Cited by 194Hormonal and reproductive studiesGrowth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsNutrition and Health in Aging

Testosterone and Growth Hormone Improve Body Composition and Muscle Performance in Older Men

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Sattler, Fred R., Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen, Binder, Ellen F., Schroeder, E. Todd, Wang, Ying, Bhasin, Shalender, Kawakubo, Miwa, Stewart, Yolanda +5 more·2009·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
DOI 10.1210/jc.2008-2338PMC PMC2690426
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Abstract

CONTEXT: Impairments in the pituitary-gonadal axis with aging are associated with loss of muscle mass and function and accumulation of upper body fat. OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypothesis that physiological supplementation with testosterone and GH together improves body composition and muscle performance in older men. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: One hundred twenty-two community-dwelling men 70.8 +/- 4.2 yr of age with body mass index of 27.4 +/- 3.4 kg/m2, testosterone of 550 ng/dl or less, and IGF-I in lower adult tertile (< or =167 ng/dl) were randomized to receive transdermal testosterone (5 or 10 g/d) during a Leydig cell clamp plus GH (0, 3, or 5 microg/kg . d) for 16 wk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, muscle performance, and safety tests were conducted. RESULTS: Total lean body mass increased (1.0 +/- 1.7 to 3.0 +/- 2.2 kg) as did appendicular lean tissue (0.4 +/- 1.4 to 1.5 +/- 1.3 kg), whereas total fat mass decreased by 0.4 +/- 0.9 to 2.3 +/- 1.7 kg as did trunk fat (0.5 +/- 0.9 to 1.5 +/- 1.0 kg) across the six treatment groups and by dose levels for each parameter (P < or = 0.0004 for linear trend). Composite maximum voluntary strength of upper and lower body muscles increased by 14 +/- 34 to 35 +/- 31% (P < 0.003 in the three highest dose groups) that correlated with changes in appendicular lean mass. Aerobic endurance increased in all six groups (average 96 +/- 137 sec longer). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased similarly in each group with mean increases of 12 +/- 14 and 8 +/- 8 mm Hg, respectively. Other predictable adverse events were modest and reversible. CONCLUSIONS: Supplemental testosterone produced significant gains in total and appendicular lean mass, muscle strength, and aerobic endurance with significant reductions in whole-body and trunk fat. Outcomes appeared to be further enhanced with GH supplementation.

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  • Changes in fat mass, lean body mass, and muscle strength occur within 12-16 weeks of testosterone treatment.

    “Changes in fat mass, lean body mass, and muscle strength occur within 12–16 weeks, stabilize at 6–12 months, but can marginally continue over years.”

    From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [11]

  • Combining testosterone with GH increases total lean body mass and appendicular lean tissue, and composite maximum voluntary strength of upper and lower body muscles increases after 16 weeks.

    “In a study that combined testosterone with GH, total lean body mass increased, as did appendicular lean tissue. Composite maximum voluntary strength of upper and lower body muscles had increased after 16 weeks (11).”

    From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [11]

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Authors
Sattler, F. R., Castaneda-Sceppa, C., Binder, E. F., Schroeder, E. T., Wang, Y., Bhasin, S., Kawakubo, M., Stewart, Y., Yarasheski, K. E., Ulloor, J., Colletti, P., Roubenoff, R., & Azen, S. P.
Affiliations
  • University of Southern California (US)
  • Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University (C.C.-S., R.R.), Boston, Massachusetts 02111
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
  • Boston University (US)
  • Tufts University (US)
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
The Endocrine Society
Published
2009-06-01
Volume
94
Issue
6
Pages
1991-2001
ISSN
  • 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7197
DOI
10.1210/jc.2008-2338
PMC
PMC2690426
OpenAlex
W2141079327
Cited by
194
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 23
FWCI
19.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Repository Service (Northeastern University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
  • National Institutes of Health (5p60dk020579-35, 5p41rr000954-34)
  • National Institute on Aging (U01AG014369, U01 AG14369, R01 AG18169, R01AG018169)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 056341, R01DK070534, 1R01DK70534, DK‐020579, P60-DK-020579, P30DK056341, P30DK020579)
  • National Center for Research Resources (P41-RR000954, M0I RR000043, RR-000954, M01RR000054, M01RR000043, M01RR000036)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Keywords
testosterone supplementation, growth hormone, older men, body composition, lean body mass, fat mass, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, pituitary-gonadal axis, insulin-like growth factor I, aging, sarcopenia
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Body Composition, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Drug Combinations, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Male, Muscles, Physical Endurance, Psychomotor Performance, Testosterone, Exercise, Human Growth Hormone, Muscle Strength

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