Glucose ingestion before and after resistance training sessions does not augment ribosome biogenesis in healthy moderately trained young adults
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: Resistance training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy seems to depend on ribosome biogenesis and content. High glucose treatment may augment ribosome biogenesis through potentiating resistance training-induced adaptations. This was investigated with total RNA and ribosomal RNA abundances as main outcomes, with relevant transcriptional/translational regulators (c-Myc/UBF/rpS6) as a secondary outcome. METHODS: Sixteen healthy, moderately trained individuals [male/female, n = 9/7; age, 24.1 (3.3)] participated in a within-participant crossover trial with unilateral resistance training (leg press and knee extension, 3 sets of 10 repetitions maximum) and pre- and post-exercise ingestion of either glucose (3 × 30 g, 90 g total) or placebo supplements (Stevia rebaudiana, 3 × 0.3 g, 0.9 g total), together with protein (2 × 25 g, 50 g total), on alternating days for 12 days. Six morning resistance exercise sessions were conducted per condition, and the sessions were performed in an otherwise fasted state. Micro-biopsies were sampled from m. vastus lateralis before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Glucose ingestion did not have beneficial effects on resistance training-induced increases of ribosomal content (mean difference 7.6% [- 7.2, 24.9], p = 0.34; ribosomal RNA, 47S/18S/28S/5.8S/5S, range 7.6-37.9%, p = 0.40-0.98) or levels of relevant transcriptional or translational regulators (c-MYK/UBF/rpS6, p = 0.094-0.292). Of note, both baseline and trained state data of total RNA showed a linear relationship with UBF; a ∼14% increase in total RNA corresponded to 1 SD unit increase in UBF (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Glucose ingestion before and after resistance training sessions did not augment ribosomal RNA accumulation during twelve days of heavy-load resistance training in moderately trained young adults.
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Specific dietary interventions (e.g., supramaximal protein dosing) operate solely as permissive substrates and do not directly modulate nucleolar rDNA transcription.
“specific dietary interventions (e.g., supramaximal protein dosing) directly modulate nucleolar rDNA transcription, when rigorous evidence demonstrates that they operate solely as permissive substrates”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [52]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says glucose presumably supplies energy for ribosome biogenesis but that added glucose had no apparent effect on its markers during 12 days of resistance training. The Dietary intervention section (page unavailable) shows that protein intake was held similar across conditions, not tested at supramaximal doses. The paper therefore does not establish that protein dosing operates solely as a permissive substrate or cannot directly modulate rDNA transcription. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGlucose ingestion before and after resistance-training sessions did not augment ribosome biogenesis in moderately trained young adults.
“Lian et al. demonstrated that glucose ingestion before and after resistance-training sessions did not augment ribosome biogenesis in moderately trained young adults [52]”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [52]
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Sen, I., Smith, J. A. B., Caria, E., Orlov, I. A., Savikj, M., Brady, A. J., Lian, K., Ellefsen, S., Zierath, J. R., & Krook, A. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ads4371 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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“Lian et al. demonstrated that glucose ingestion before and after resistance-training sessions did not augment ribosome biogenesis in moderately trained young adults [52].”
Sen, I., Smith, J. A. B., Caria, E., Savikj, M., Lian, K., Ellefsen, S., Zierath, J. R., & Krook, A. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.05.602204
- Authors
- Lian, K., Hammarström, D., Hamarsland, H., Mølmen, K. S., Moen, S. C., & Ellefsen, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Inland Norway (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Lian, Kristian
- Venue
- European Journal of Applied Physiology
- Published
- 2024-03-08
- Volume
- 124
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2329-2342
- ISSN
- 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-6319
- 1439-6327
- PMC
- PMC11322406
- OpenAlex
- W4392598236
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Høgskolen i Innlandet
- Inland Norway University Of Applied Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- glucose ingestion, resistance training, ribosome biogenesis, ribosomal RNA, skeletal muscle hypertrophy, UBF, c-Myc, ribosomal protein S6, protein synthesis, vastus lateralis, fasted exercise, Stevia rebaudiana, protein supplementation, total RNA
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Glucose, Humans, Male, Ribosomes, Muscle, Skeletal, Cross-Over Studies, Resistance Training, Young Adult
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