Exercise and regulation of carbohydrate metabolism

Mul, Joram D.; Stanford, Kristin I.; Hirshman, Michael F.; Goodyear, Laurie J.

doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.020

Cited by 151Metabolism, Diabetes, and CancerCardiovascular and exercise physiologyPhysical Activity and Health

Exercise and regulation of carbohydrate metabolism

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Mul, Joram D., Stanford, Kristin I., Hirshman, Michael F., Goodyear, Laurie J.·2015·Progress in molecular biology and translational science

DOI 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.020PMC PMC4727532

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Abstract

Carbohydrates are the preferred substrate for contracting skeletal muscles during high-intensity exercise and are also readily utilized during moderate intensity exercise. This use of carbohydrates during physical activity likely played an important role during the survival of early Homo sapiens, and genes and traits regulating physical activity, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy storage have undoubtedly been selected throughout evolution. In contrast to the life of early H. sapiens, modern lifestyles are predominantly sedentary. As a result, intake of excessive amounts of carbohydrates due to the easy and continuous accessibility to modern high-energy food and drinks has not only become unnecessary but also led to metabolic diseases in the face of physical inactivity. A resulting metabolic disease is type 2 diabetes, a complex endocrine disorder characterized by abnormally high concentrations of circulating glucose. This disease now affects millions of people worldwide. Exercise has beneficial effects to help control impaired glucose homeostasis with metabolic disease, and is a well-established tool to prevent and combat type 2 diabetes. This chapter focuses on the effects of exercise on carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle and systemic glucose homeostasis. We will also focus on the molecular mechanisms that mediate the effects of exercise to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. It is now well established that there are different proximal signaling pathways that mediate the effects of exercise and insulin on glucose uptake, and these distinct mechanisms are consistent with the ability of exercise to increase glucose uptake in the face of insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes. Ongoing research in this area is aimed at defining the precise mechanism by which exercise increases glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity and the types of exercise necessary for these important health benefits.

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Resistance exercise activates insulin signaling pathway, which plays crucial role in glucose uptake.
“Additionally, resistance exercise activates the insulin signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in glucose uptake.”
From Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility (2024) · cites this paper as [94]
Muscular contraction stimulates vesicle-associated SNARE proteins, facilitating merging of GLUT4-containing vesicles with cellular surface membrane.
“It has been demonstrated that muscular contraction stimulates the vesicle-associated SNARE proteins, facilitating the merging of GLUT4-containing vesicles with the cellular surface membrane (94).”
From Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility (2024) · cites this paper as [94]

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Glycogen: an overview of possible regulatory roles of the proteins associated with the granuleThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 14th International Biochemistry of Exercise Conference – Muscles as Molecular and Metabolic Machines, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.
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Sports nutrition (handbook of sports medicine and science)
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[3]Hargreaves M The metabolic systems; carbohydrate metabolism Farrell PA Joyner MJ Caizozzo VJ Advanced Exercise Physiology Philadelphia, PA Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2012 3 391
[4]Spriet LL The metabolic systems; lipid metabolism Farrell PA Joyner MJ Caizozzo VJ Advanced Exercise Physiology Philadelphia, PA Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2012 392 407

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Authors: Mul, J. D., Stanford, K. I., Hirshman, M. F., & Goodyear, L. J.
Affiliations: Joslin Diabetes Center (US)
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
ORCID: Mul, Joram D.
Stanford, Kristin I.
Hirshman, Michael F.
Goodyear, Laurie J.
Venue: Progress in molecular biology and translational science
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2015
Volume: 135
Pages: 17-37
ISSN: 1877-1173 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.020
PMC: PMC4727532
OpenAlex: W1788679022
Cited by: 151
References: 132
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5
FWCI: 10.62
Type: book chapter
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Progress in molecular biology and translational science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K01DK105109, 5 P30 DK-36836, R01DK101043, P30DK036836, R01DK099511)
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR042238, R01-AR-42238)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords: physical activity, carbohydrate metabolism, skeletal muscle, glucose uptake, glucose homeostasis, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, insulin signaling, exercise training, physical inactivity, energy storage
MeSH terms: Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Exercise and regulation of carbohydrate metabolism

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