Time course for strength and muscle thickness changes following upper and lower body resistance training in men and women

Abe, Takashi; DeHoyos, Diego V.; Pollock, Michael L.; Garzarella, Linda

doi:10.1007/s004210050027

Cited by 523Sports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiologyMuscle metabolism and nutrition

Time course for strength and muscle thickness changes following upper and lower body resistance training in men and women

Abe, Takashi, DeHoyos, Diego V., Pollock, Michael L., Garzarella, Linda·2000·European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology

DOI 10.1007/s004210050027

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of skeletal muscle adaptations resulting from high-intensity, upper and lower body dynamic resistance training (WT). A group of 17 men and 20 women were recruited for WT, and 6 men and 7 women served as a control group. The WT group performed six dynamic resistance exercises to fatigue using 8-12 repetition maximum (RM). The subjects trained 3 days a week for 12 weeks. One-RM knee extension (KE) and chest press (CP) exercises were measured at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 for the WT group. Muscle thickness (MTH) was measured by ultrasound at eight anatomical sites. One-RM CP and KE strength had increased significantly at week 4 for the female WT group. For the men in the WT group, 1 RM had increased significantly at week 2 for KE and at week 6 for CP. The mean relative increases in KE and CP strength were 19% and 19% for the men and 19% and 27% for the women, respectively, after 12 weeks of WT. Resistance training elicited a significant increase in MTH of the chest and triceps muscles at week 6 in both sexes. There were non-significant trends for increases in quadriceps MTH for the WT groups. The relative increases in upper and lower body MTH were 12%-21% and 7%-9% in the men and 10%-31% and 7%-8% in the women respectively, after 12 weeks of WT. These results would suggest that increases in MTH in the upper body are greater and occur earlier compared to the lower extremity, during the first 12 weeks of a total body WT programme. The time-course and proportions of the increase in strength and MTH were similar for both the men and the women.

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Previous studies have reported that increase in muscle thickness in the upper body are greater and occur earlier compared to the lower extremity, during the first 12 weeks of a total body dynamic resistance training program.
“Previous studies, however, have reported that increase in muscle thickness in the upper body are greater and occur earlier compared to the lower extremity, during the first 12 weeks of a total body dynamic resistance training program [46,48].”
From A 12-Week Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial, Evaluating the Effect of Supplementation with a Spinach Extract on Skeletal Muscle Fitness in Adults Older Than 50 Years of Age (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
Previous studies found similarities in relative strength and size changes after RT.
“Previous studies found similarities in relative strength and size changes after RT [ 34 , 40 ].”
From The Effect of Weekly Set Volume on Strength Gain: A Meta-Analysis (2017) · cites this paper as [40]

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Jung, R., Gehlert, S., Geisler, S., Isenmann, E., Eyre, J. C., & Zinner, C. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0284216 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Authors: Abe, T., DeHoyos, D. V., Pollock, M. L., & Garzarella, L.
Affiliations: Tokyo Metropolitan University (JP)
University of Florida (US)
ORCID: Abe, Takashi
Venue: European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2000
Volume: 81
Issue: 3
Pages: 0174
ISSN: 0301-5548 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1007/s004210050027
OpenAlex: W2084355959
Cited by: 523
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 4.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords: resistance training, muscle strength, muscle thickness, skeletal muscle adaptation, time course of adaptation, sex differences, upper body training, lower body training, knee extension, chest press, ultrasonic measurement, one-repetition maximum
MeSH terms: Adult, Arm, Biomechanical Phenomena, Body Weight, Female, Humans, Leg, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Characteristics, Thorax, Time Factors, Weight Lifting, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fatigue

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Time course for strength and muscle thickness changes following upper and lower body resistance training in men and women

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