The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The effect of vitamin C on upper respiratory infections in adolescent swimmers: a randomized trial
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Constantini et al. observed that administration of 1 g/day of vitamin C in male adolescent swimmers resulted in halving the duration of upper respiratory tract infections and reducing their severity [36].”
From Use of Nutritional Strategies, Bioactive Compounds, and Dietary Supplements in Young Athletes: From Evidence to Potential Risks—A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [36]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold
Hemilä, H., & Chalker, E. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000980.pub4 · Cited by 869
Self-citationAcute Respiratory Illness in an American Community: The Tecumseh Study
Monto, A. S. (1974) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1974.03230150016004 · Cited by 297
Peters, E., Goetzsche, J., Grobbelaar, B., & Noakes, T. (1993) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/57.2.170 · Cited by 280
Hemilä, H. (1992) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19920004 · Cited by 143
Baird, I., Hughes, R., Wilson, H., Davies, J. E. W., & Howard, A. (1979) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/32.8.1686 · Cited by 62
Vitamin C and sex differences in respiratory tract infections
Hemilä, H. (2008) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.011 · Cited by 28
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 15
- Gleeson M (2007) Immune function in sport and exercise. J Appl Physiol 103:693–699 · DOI · Paper page
- Gleeson M, Pyne DB, Austin JP, Lynn Francis J, Clancy RL, McDonald WA, Fricker PA (2002) Epstein–Barr virus reactivation and upper respiratory illness in elite swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34:411–417 · DOI · Paper page
- Hemilä H (1996) Vitamin C and common cold incidence: a review of studies with subjects under heavy physical stress. Int J Sports Med 17:379–383 · DOI
- Hemilä H (1999) Vitamin C supplementation and common cold symptoms: factors affecting the magnitude of the benefit. Med Hypotheses 52:171–178 · DOI
- Hemilä H (2006) Do vitamins C and E affect respiratory infections? [PhD Thesis]. Helsinki, Finland: University of Helsinki; pp 56–57, 66–67. Available at http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kansa/vk/hemila/ . Accessed May 28, 2010.
- Hemilä H, Kaprio J, Albanes D, Virtamo J (2006) Physical activity and pneumonia in male smokers administered vitamin E and β-carotene. Int J Sports Med 27:336–341 · DOI
- Hume R, Weyers E (1973) Changes in leucocyte ascorbic acid during the common cold. Scott Med J 18:3–7 · DOI
- Ji LL (2008) Modulation of skeletal muscle antioxidant defense by exercise: role of redox signaling. Free Radical Biol Med 44:142–152 · DOI · Paper page
- Lambert SB, Allen KM, Druce JD, Birch CJ, Mackay IM, Carlin JB, Carapetis JR, Sloots TP, Nissen MD, Nolan TM (2007) Community epidemiology of human metapneumovirus, human coronavirus NL63, and other respiratory viruses in healthy preschool-aged children using parent-collected specimens. Pediatrics 120:e929–e937 · DOI
- Moolla ME (1996) The effect of supplemental anti-oxidants on the incidence and severity of upper respiratory tract infections in ultra-marathon runners [MSc thesis]. University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Peters EM, Goetzsche JM, Joseph LE, Noakes TD (1996) Vitamin C as effective as combinations of anti-oxidant nutrients in reducing symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in ultramarathon runners. S Afr J Sports Med 11:23–27
- Pitt HA, Costrini AM (1979) Vitamin C prophylaxis in marine recruits. JAMA 241:908–911 · DOI · Paper page
- Powers SK, Jackson MJ (2008) Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiol Rev 88:1243–1276 · DOI · Paper page
- Ritzel G (1976) Ascorbic acid and the common cold [letter]. JAMA 235:1108 · DOI
- Seyfried PL, Tobin RS, Brown NE, Ness PF (1985) A prospective study of swimming-related illness. I. Swimming-associated health risk. Am J Public Health 75:1068–1070 · DOI
Cited by
A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection
Gombart, A. F., Pierre, A., & Maggini, S. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12010236 · Cited by 1,358
Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold
Hemilä, H., & Chalker, E. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000980.pub4 · Cited by 869
Self-citationHemilä, H. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9040339 · Cited by 461
Self-citationDe Zan, D., Eletti, F., Fiore, G., Di Girolamo, E., Bozzini, G. G. M., Perico, V., Tosi, M., Norsa, L., Zuccotti, G., & Verduci, E. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17132194 · Cited by 11
Vitamin C in clinical therapeutics
Hemilä, H. (2017) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.08.005 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Constantini, N. W., Dubnov-Raz, G., Eyal, B.-B., Berry, E. M., Cohen, A. H., & Hemilä, H.
- Venue
- European Journal of Pediatrics
- Published
- 2010-08-06
- Volume
- 170
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-63
- ISSN
- 0340-6199
- 1432-1076
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 6
- Language
- en
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The effect of vitamin C on upper respiratory infections in adolescent swimmers: a randomized trial. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s00431-010-1270-z
- The paper
- Constantini, N. W., Dubnov-Raz, G., Eyal, B.-B., Berry, E. M., Cohen, A. H., & Hemilä, H. (2011). The effect of vitamin C on upper respiratory infections in adolescent swimmers: a randomized trial. European Journal of Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-010-1270-z
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
