Diversity of central oxytocinergic projections
Abstract
Localization and distribution of hypothalamic neurons expressing the nonapeptide oxytocin has been extensively studied. Their projections to the neurohypophyseal system release oxytocin into the systemic circulation thus controlling endocrine events associated with reproduction in males and females. Oxytocinergic neurons seem to be confined to the ventral hypothalamus in all mammals. Groups of such cells located outside the supraoptic and the paraventricular nuclei are summarized as "accessory neurons." Although evolutionary probably associated with the classical magocellular nuclei, accessory oxytocin neurons seem to consist of rather heterogenous groups: Periventricular oxytocin neurons may gain contact to the third ventricle to secrete the peptide into the cerebrospinal fluid. Perivascular neurons may be involved in control of cerebral blood flow. They may also gain access to the portal circulation of the anterior pituitary lobe. Central projections of oxytocinergic neurons extend to portions of the limbic system, to the mesencephalon and to the brain stem. Such projections have been associated with control of behaviors, central stress response as well as motor and vegetative functions. Activity of the different oxytocinergic systems seems to be malleable to functional status, strongly influenced by systemic levels of steroid hormones.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Oxytocin is also produced in the medial preoptic area, where it regulates maternal and sexual behavior.
“OXT is also produced in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), where it regulates maternal and sexual behavior (44).”
From Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
Paraventricular oxytocin-expressing cells send fibers to the supraoptic nucleus forming the neurohypophyseal tract, and also send projections to the thalamus, cortex, amygdala, striatum, and hippocampus.
“Oxytocin PVN OXT-expressing cells send fibers to the SON forming the neurohypophyseal tract (44), and classical retrograde tracing and modern viral tracing strategies in rats and mice have shown that the PVN OXT-expressing cells also send projections to the thalamus, cortex, amygdala, striatum, and hippocampus (Fig. 1A (53)(54)(55).”
From Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
Supraoptic oxytocin-expressing cells have more restricted projections, mainly to the posterior pituitary, but also project to the medial and central amygdala.
“The SON OXT-expressing cells have more restricted projections, mainly to the posterior pituitary, but also project to the medial and central amygdala (44).”
From Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
Cites
The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates
Palkovits, M. (1983) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/0143-4179(83)90049-5 · Cited by 28,959 · see citing works
The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9 · Cited by 28,585 · see citing works
The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates (2nd edn)
Herman, J. P., & Watson, S. J. (1987) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(87)90017-8 · Cited by 1,751 · see citing works
Evoked axonal oxytocin release in the central amygdala attenuates fear response
Knobloch, H. S., Charlet, A., Hoffmann, L. C., Eliava, M., Khrulev, S., Cetin, A. H., Osten, P., Schwarz, M. K., Seeburg, P. H., Stoop, R., et al. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.11.030 · Cited by 1,049 · see citing works
The oxytocin receptor: from intracellular signaling to behavior
Jurek, B., & Neumann, I. D. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2017 · Cited by 999 · see citing works
Morphology of vasopressin and oxytocin neurones and their central and vascular projections
Sofroniew, M. V. (1983) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64378-2 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Immunohistochemical localization of oxytocin receptors in human brain
Boccia, M. L., Petrusz, P., Suzuki, K., Marson, L., & Pedersen, C. A. (2013) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.048 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Buijs, R. M., & Swaab, D. F. (1979) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00233648 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Vasopressin and oxytocin release in the brain – a synaptic event
Buijs, R. M., & Heerikhuize, J. J. V. (1982) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90979-9 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Oxytocin signaling in the lateral septum prevents social fear during lactation
Menon, R., Grund, T., Zoicas, I., Althammer, F., Fiedler, D., Biermeier, V., Bosch, O. J., Hiraoka, Y., Nishimori, K., Eliava, M., et al. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.02.044 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
mRNA coding for oxytocin is present in axons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract.
Jirikowski, G. F., Sanna, P. P., & Bloom, F. E. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.19.7400 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Sakamoto, H., Matsuda, K.-I., Hosokawa, K., Nishi, M., Morris, J. F., Prossnitz, E. R., & Kawata, M. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2007-0436 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
The interplay between oxytocin and the CRF system: regulation of the stress response
Winter, J. J., & Jurek, B. (2018) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-018-2866-2 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Gould, B. R., & Zingg, H. H. (2003) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00283-5 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Diversity of oxytocin neurones: Beyond magno‐ and parvocellular cell types?
Althammer, F., & Grinevich, V. (2018) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12549 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Gorka, S. M., Fitzgerald, D. A., Labuschagne, I., Hosanagar, A., Wood, A. G., Nathan, P. J., & Phan, K. L. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.168 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
<scp>O</scp>xytocin modulation of neural circuits for social behavior
Marlin, B. J., & Froemke, R. C. (2017) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.22452 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Oxytocin in Maternal, Sexual, and Social Behaviors
Pedersen, C. A., Caldwell, J. D., Jirikowski, G. F., & Insel, T. R. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Oxytocin-receptor-expressing neurons in the parabrachial nucleus regulate fluid intake
Ryan, P. J., Ross, S. I., Campos, C., Derkach, V. A., & Palmiter, R. D. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0014-z · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Estradiol influences oxytocin-immunoreactive brain systems
Jirikowski, G. F., Caldwell, J. D., Pedersen, C. A., & Stumpf, W. E. (1988) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(88)90022-x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Oxytocin: Cellular and molecular approaches in medicine and research
Ivell, R. (1996) · Reviews of Reproduction · doi:10.1530/ror.0.0010013 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Oxytocin neurons in the rat hypothalamus exhibit c-fos immunoreactivity upon osmotic stress
Giovannelli, L., Shiromani, P. J., Jirikowski, G. F., & Bloom, F. E. (1990) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90789-e · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Reduction of plasma oxytocin levels in patients suffering from major depression.
Frasch, A., Zetzsche, D. A., Steiger, A., & Jirikowski, G. F. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Sabihi, S., Durosko, N. E., Dong, S. M., & Leuner, B. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.03.009 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanisms of Oxytocin Signaling at the Synaptic Connection
Bakos, J., Srancikova, A., Havranek, T., & Bacova, Z. (2018) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2018/4864107 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Kiyama, H., & Emson, P. C. (1990) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1990.tb00401.x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Estrogen Alters Oxytocin mRNA Levels in the Preoptic Area
Caldwell, J. D., Brooks, P. J., Jirikowski, G. F., Barakat, A. S., Lund, P. K., & Pedersen, C. A. (1989) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1989.tb00115.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Caldwell, J. D., Jirikowski, G. F., Greer, E. R., Stumpf, W. E., & Pedersen, C. A. (1988) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90882-7 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Jirikowski, G. F., Caldwell, J. D., Pilgrim, C., Stumpf, W. E., & Pedersen, C. A. (1989) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00218899 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Cell‐Type Specific Expression of Oxytocin and Vasopressin Genes: An Experimental Odyssey
Gainer, H. (2011) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02236.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Scantamburlo, G., Hansenne, M., Geenen, V. G., Legros, J., & Ansseau, M. (2014) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.08.007 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Wittkowski, W. (1968) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00338536 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Devost, D., Wrzal, P. K., & Zingg, H. (2008) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)00415-9 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Clipperton‐Allen, A. E., Lee, A. W., Reyes, A., Devidze, N., Phan, A., Pfaff, D. W., & Choleris, E. (2011) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.10.025 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Selective localization of oxytocin receptors and vasopressin 1a receptors in the human brainstem
Freeman, S. M., Smith, A. L., Goodman, M. M., & Bales, K. L. (2017) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2016.1156570 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The Structure and Regulation of the Oxytocin Receptor
Ivell, R., Kimura, T., Müller, D., Augustin, K., Abend, N., Bathgate, R. A. D., Telgmann, R., Balvers, M., Tillmann, G., & Fuchs, A. (2001) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/eph8602185 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Santoso, P., Nakata, M., Ueta, Y., & Yada, T. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00338.2016 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Leppänen, J., Cardi, V., Ng, K. W., Paloyelis, Y., Stein, D., Tchanturia, K., & Treasure, J. L. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.017 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Positive reinforcing effect of oxytocin microinjection in the rat central nucleus of amygdala
László, K., Kovács, A., Zagorácz, O., Ollmann, T., Péczely, L., Kertes, E., Lacy, D. G., & Lénárd, L. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.021 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Distribution of vitamin D binding protein expressing neurons in the rat hypothalamus
Jirikowski, G. F., Kauntzer, U. W., Dief, A. E., & Caldwell, J. D. (2008) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-008-0540-6 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Liquorkontaktneurone im Nucleus paraventricularis
Vigh‐Teichmann, I., Béla, V. I. G. H., & Korits�nszky, S. (1970) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00337523 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Jirikowski, G. F., Ochs, S. D., & Caldwell, J. D. (2017) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2017_9 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Jirikowski, G. F., Ramalho-ortigao, F., & Caldwell, J. (1991) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1003733 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Sivukhina, E. V., & Jirikowski, G. F. (2013) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2013.11.001 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Morris, J. F., Budd, T. C., Epton, M. J., Ma, D., Pow, D. V., & Wang, H. (1999) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61559-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Mating alters topography and content of oxytocin immunoreactivity in male mouse brain
Jirikowski, G. F., Caldwell, J. D., H�ussler, H. U., & Pedersen, C. A. (1991) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00318196 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Dief, A. E., Sivukhina, E. V., & Jirikowski, G. F. (2018) · Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases · doi:10.4236/ojemd.2018.83010 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Distribution of Oxytocinergic Glucocorticoid Target Neurons in the Rat Hypothalamus
Jirikowski, G. F., McGimsey, W. C., Caldwell, J. D., & Sar, M. (1993) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1002171 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Imaging neuropeptide effects on human brain function
Lefèvre, A., Hurlemann, R., & Grinevich, V. (2018) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-018-2899-6 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Caldwell, J. D., Londe, K., Ochs, S. D., Hajdu, Z., Rodewald, A., Gebhart, V. M., & Jirikowski, G. F. (2017) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2017.12.004 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Mohamadi, Y., Jameie, S. B., Akbari, M., Staji, M., Moradi, F., Mokhtari, T., Khanehzad, M., & Hassanzadeh, G. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The accessory magnocellular neurosecretory system of the rostral human hypothalamus
Møller, M., Busch, J. R., Jacobsen, C., Lundemose, S. B., Lynnerup, N., Rath, M. F., & Banner, J. (2018) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-018-2818-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The action of oxytocin on sperm motility. In vitro experiments with bull spermatozoa.
Fuchs, U., Leipnitz, C., & Lippert, T. H. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Role of Oxytocin in Prolactin Secretion during Late Pregnancy
Villegas-Gabutti, C. M., Pennacchio, G. E., Vivas, L., Jahn, G. A., & Soaje, M. (2017) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000480669 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Topography of oxytocinergic estradiol target neurons in the mouse hypothalamus.
Jirikowski, G. F., Caldwell, J. D., Stumpf, W. E., & Pedersen, C. A. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Altered oxytocinergic hypothalamus systems in sepsis
Şendemir, E., Kafa, İ. M., Schäfer, H. H., & Jirikowski, G. F. (2013) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2013.05.001 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Blanco, E. J., Pilgrim, C., Vázquez, R., & Jirikowski, G. F. (1991) · Acta Histochemica · doi:10.1016/s0065-1281(11)80272-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Neuropeptide Downregulation in Sepsis
da Silva, F. P., Machado, M. C. C., Sallet, P. C., Zampieri, F. G., Goulart, A. C., Filho, F. T., Barbeiro, H. V., Velasco, I. T., Neto, L. M. D. C., & de Souza, H. P. (2013) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-013-9722-z · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ovarian Regulation of Pulsatile Luteinizing Hormone Secretion During Late Gestation in the Rat*
Devorshak‐Harvey, E., Bona‐Gallo, A., & Gallo, R. V. (1989) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1989.tb00113.x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hormonal influences in migraine — interactions of oestrogen, oxytocin and CGRP
Krause, D. N., Warfvinge, K., Haanes, K. A., & Edvinsson, L. I. (2021) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-021-00544-2 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities
Rigney, N., de Vries, G. J., Petrulis, A., & Young, L. J. (2022) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqac111 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Whole-brain wiring diagram of oxytocin system in adult mice
Son, S., Manjila, S. B., Newmaster, K. T., Wu, Y.-T., Vanselow, D. J., Ciarletta, M., Anthony, T. E., Cheng, K. C., & Kim, Y. (2022) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0307-22.2022 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Links between the neurobiology of oxytocin and human musicality
Harvey, A. R. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.00350 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Neural functions of hypothalamic oxytocin and its regulation
Wang, P., Wang, S. C., Liu, X., Jia, S., Wang, X., Li, T., Yu, J., Parpura, V., & Wang, Y.-F. (2022) · ASN Neuro · doi:10.1177/17590914221100706 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Warfvinge, K., Krause, D. N., & Edvinsson, L. I. (2020) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-020-1079-8 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Chen, S., Xu, H., Dong, S., & Xiao, L. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2494-21.2022 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Endogenous oxytocin, cortisol, and testosterone in response to group singing
Bowling, D. L., Gahr, J., Ancochea, P. G., Hoeschele, M., Canoine, V., Fusani, L., & Fitch, W. T. (2022) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105105 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Oxytocin and Food Intake Control: Neural, Behavioral, and Signaling Mechanisms
Liu, C. M., Spaulding, M. O., Rea, J. J., Noble, E. E., & Kanoski, S. E. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms221910859 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Complementary Role of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Cardiovascular Regulation
Szczepanska‐Sadowska, E. K., Wsół, A., Cudnoch‐Jędrzejewska, A., & Żera, T. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222111465 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Oxytocin modulates intrinsic neural activity in patients with chronic low back pain
Schneider, I., Schmitgen, M. M., Boll, S., Roth, C., Nees, F., Usai, K., Herpertz, S. C., & Wolf, R. C. (2020) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1543 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Oxtr/TRPV1 expression and acclimation of skeletal muscle to cold-stress in male mice
Conte, E., Romano, A., Bellis, M. D., de Ceglia, M., Carratù, M. R., Gaetani, S., Maqoud, F., Tricarico, D., & Camerino, C. (2021) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-20-0346 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Zadeh, Z. T., Rahmani, S., Alidadi, F., Joushi, S., & Esmaeilpour, K. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14949 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Navigating Central Oxytocin Transport: Known Realms and Uncharted Territories
Parmaksiz, D., & Kim, Y. (2024) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/10738584241268754 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Maddahi, A., Edvinsson, L. I., & Warfvinge, K. (2022) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-022-01524-7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Ugartemendia, L., Guzman, R. M. D., Cai, J., Rajamanickam, S., Jiang, Z., Tao, J., Zuloaga, D. G., & Justice, N. J. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105918 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hypothalamic and sex-related hormones in migraine
Warfvinge, K., Edvinsson, J. C. A., Maddahi, A., & Edvinsson, L. I. (2026) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-026-02289-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Towards new frontiers in neuroendocrinology: A tribute to Peter H. Seeburg
Grinevich, V., & Jirikowski, G. F. (2018) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-018-2952-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cognitive Consequences of Social Isolation During COVID-19: side effects and treatmentsPreprint
Taherizadeh, Z., Rahmani, S., Alidadi, F., & Esmaeilpour, K. (2021) · doi:10.22541/au.161405241.15229546/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Snowden, A. W., Schwartz, S., Smith, A. L., Goodman, M. M., & Freeman, S. M. (2025) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2025.2536570 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zilkha, N., Hamade, R., Chuartzman, S. G., Sofer, Y., Kashash, Y., Meir, R., Fishman, R., Biton, I. E., Ben‐Dor, S., & Kimchi, T. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.114151 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dayley, E. E., Durham, S. L., Palumbo, M., Lundell, J. F., & Freeman, S. M. (2026) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-026-09678-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Martelletti, P. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97359-9_2
Comparative evaluation of the testicular development between Japanese quail and albino rats
Sohsah, E. A., El-Beltagy, A. E.-F. B. M., El‐Sayyad, H. I., Saleh, T. R., El-Badry, D. A., & Sabry, D. A. (2024) · Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences · doi:10.1080/2314808x.2024.2442248
Tarumi, W., Iwanaga, R., & Nakahata, Y. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.106124
The role of oxytocin in music interventions: A systematic review
Busse, P., Anheyer, D., Stronski, J., & Ostermann, T. (2026) · Musicae Scientiae · doi:10.1177/10298649261419786
- Authors
- Jirikowski, G. F.
- Affiliations
- Jena University Hospital (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Jirikowski, Gustav F.
- Venue
- Cell and Tissue Research
- Published
- 2018-11-29
- Volume
- 375
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-48
- ISSN
- 0302-766X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0878
- OpenAlex
- W2902850573
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cell and Tissue Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- oxytocin, oxytocinergic neurons, hypothalamus, neurohypophyseal system, supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, limbic system, midbrain, brainstem, steroid hormones, reproduction, cerebral blood flow, cerebrospinal fluid
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Neurons, Oxytocin, Pituitary Gland, Posterior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
