Neural functions of hypothalamic oxytocin and its regulation
Open accessAbstract
Oxytocin (OT), a nonapeptide, has a variety of functions. Despite extensive studies on OT over past decades, our understanding of its neural functions and their regulation remains incomplete. OT is mainly produced in OT neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and accessory nuclei between the SON and PVN. OT exerts neuromodulatory effects in the brain and spinal cord. While magnocellular OT neurons in the SON and PVN mainly innervate the pituitary and forebrain regions, and parvocellular OT neurons in the PVN innervate brainstem and spinal cord, the two sets of OT neurons have close interactions histologically and functionally. OT expression occurs at early life to promote mental and physical development, while its subsequent decrease in expression in later life stage accompanies aging and diseases. Adaptive changes in this OT system, however, take place under different conditions and upon the maturation of OT release machinery. OT can modulate social recognition and behaviors, learning and memory, emotion, reward, and other higher brain functions. OT also regulates eating and drinking, sleep and wakefulness, nociception and analgesia, sexual behavior, parturition, lactation and other instinctive behaviors. OT regulates the autonomic nervous system, and somatic and specialized senses. Notably, OT can have different modulatory effects on the same function under different conditions. Such divergence may derive from different neural connections, OT receptor gene dimorphism and methylation, and complex interactions with other hormones. In this review, brain functions of OT and their underlying neural mechanisms as well as the perspectives of their clinical usage are presented.
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Certain brain regions such as the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus have been identified as essential components concerning social behaviour.
“Certain brain regions such as the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus have been identified as essential components concerning social behaviour (Wang et al., 2022).”
From Convergence of oxytocin and dopamine signalling in neuronal circuits: Insights into the neurobiology of social interactions across species (2024) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2022
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- Authors
- Wang, P., Wang, S. C., Liu, X., Jia, S., Wang, X., Li, T., Yu, J., Parpura, V., & Wang, Y.-F.
- Affiliations
- Harbin Medical University (CN)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Corresponding author
- Parpura, Vladimir
- Wang, Yu-Feng
- Venue
- ASN Neuro
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2022-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17590914221100706-17590914221100706
- ISSN
- 1759-0914 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9125079
- OpenAlex
- W4281254264
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 311
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 1.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- ASN NEURO (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Fund of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (G2021011014L)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (R01GM123971)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- oxytocin, hypothalamus, supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, magnocellular neurons, parvocellular neurons, neuromodulation, social behavior, learning and memory, emotions, reward, sleep and wakefulness, sexual behavior, autonomic nervous system, DNA methylation, hormone crosstalk, aging
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Hypothalamus, Neurons, Oxytocin, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus, Supraoptic Nucleus
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