Coping strategies as psychological risk factor for antenatal anxiety, worries, and depression among Greek women
Abstract
A range of psychosocial, medical, and demographic variables may influence pregnant women's psychological status. However the association between coping strategies, anxiety, worries, and depression during pregnancy is a relatively neglected area of research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between coping strategies, antenatal anxiety, pregnancy worries, and depressive symptomatology after controlling for the effects of background variables. The study sample consisted of 163 pregnant women, with gestational age ranging from 11 to 26 weeks, attending antenatal screening at a Greek public hospital. Coping strategies were measured with Brief COPE, pregnancy worries were measured with Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS), anxiety was assessed using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X version), and depression was measured with Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D). Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated among all study variables, followed by hierarchical multiple linear regression. In the univariate analysis, low annual income, unemployment, conception after an IVF treatment, and a previous history of miscarriage were associated with anxiety, depression, and worries. Additionally, almost all coping strategies (denial, behavioral disengagement, self-blame, self-distraction, substance use, acceptance, positive reframing, active coping, and seeking emotional support) were significantly associated with antenatal anxiety, worries, and depression. Linear regression analysis showed that only previous history of miscarriage, conception after IVF, as well as denial, behavioral disengagement and acceptance coping strategies were significantly related to anxiety, worries and depressive symptomatology. The risk factors found in this study could help clinicians target anxiety and depression screening to high-risk populations of pregnant women. Provision of adequate training for obstetricians and midwives in the detection and management of anxiety and depression among pregnant women should help to decrease the psychological burden during pregnancy.
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Acceptance, through a non-judgemental attitude, allowed the women to come to terms with negative emotions such as guilt, self-denial or loss of confidence and self-esteem - all psychological responses associated with anxiety [27, 28].
“Acceptance, through a non-judgemental attitude, allowed the women to come to terms with negative emotions such as guilt, self-denial or loss of confidence and self-esteem – all psychological responses associated with anxiety [27, 28].”
From Effects of an antenatal mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting programme on the postpartum experiences of mothers: a qualitative interview study. (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Gourounti, K., Anagnostopoulos, F., & Lykeridou, K.
- Affiliations
- Technological Educational Institute of Athens (GR)
- Panteion University (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Gourounti, Kleanthi
- Venue
- Archives of Women's Mental Health
- Published
- 2013-04-05
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 353-361
- ISSN
- 1434-1816 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-1102
- OpenAlex
- W2049542212
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 6.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Archives of Women s Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- coping strategies, prenatal anxiety, antenatal depression, pregnant women, psychological risk factors, miscarriage history, denial, behavioral disengagement, acceptance, socioeconomic factors, Greek women
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Gestational Age, Greece, Hospitals, Public, Humans, Poverty, Pregnancy, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, Multivariate Analysis, Young Adult
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