How neuroticism, long-term difficulties, and life situation change influence psychological distress: A longitudinal model.
Abstract
The causal relationships between neuroticism (N), long-term difficulties (LTDs), life situation change (LSC), and psychological distress (PD) were examined using self-report and interview data from a 7-year, 3-wave study in a general population sample (N = 296). LTDs were classified as either endogenous (dependent) or exogenous (independent). We found that earlier neuroticism had a strong direct and a moderate indirect effect (through endogenous LTDs) on PD. The direct effect was strikingly stronger than those of LTDs and LSC. In addition, much correlation between endogenous LTDs, LSC, and PD could be attributed to the confounding effects of earlier neuroticism. High neuroticism tended to strengthen the effect of LSC on PD. These findings suggest that temperamental dispositions are more powerful than environmental factors in predicting PD.
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Neuroticism predicts the level of negative emotions and negative life events people subsequently experience.
“neuroticism is a good predictor of the level of negative emotions and negative life events that people subsequently experience”
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- Authors
- Ormel, J., & Wohlfarth, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Groningen (NL)
- ORCID
- Ormel, Johan
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1991
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 744-755
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2058999085
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 8.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- neuroticism, change of circumstances, psychological distress, personality traits, confounding, general population
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anxiety, Depression, Humans, Life Change Events, Longitudinal Studies, Neurotic Disorders, Personality Assessment, Personality Tests, Problem Solving
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