Cited by 275Usability and User Interface DesignPsychometric Methodologies and TestingTechnology Adoption and User Behaviour

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On the dimensionality of the System Usability Scale: a test of alternative measurement models

Borsci, Simone, Federici, Stefano, Lauriola, Marco·2009·Cognitive Processing

DOI 10.1007/s10339-009-0268-9

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Abstract

The System Usability Scale (SUS), developed by Brooke (Usability evaluation in industry, Taylor & Francis, London, pp 189-194, 1996), had a great success among usability practitioners since it is a quick and easy to use measure for collecting users' usability evaluation of a system. Recently, Lewis and Sauro (Proceedings of the human computer interaction international conference (HCII 2009), San Diego CA, USA, 2009) have proposed a two-factor structure-Usability (8 items) and Learnability (2 items)-suggesting that practitioners might take advantage of these new factors to extract additional information from SUS data. In order to verify the dimensionality in the SUS' two-component structure, we estimated the parameters and tested with a structural equation model the SUS structure on a sample of 196 university users. Our data indicated that both the unidimensional model and the two-factor model with uncorrelated factors proposed by Lewis and Sauro (Proceedings of the human computer interaction international conference (HCII 2009), San Diego CA, USA, 2009) had a not satisfactory fit to the data. We thus released the hypothesis that Usability and Learnability are independent components of SUS ratings and tested a less restrictive model with correlated factors. This model not only yielded a good fit to the data, but it was also significantly more appropriate to represent the structure of SUS ratings.

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Untitled work
(2013) · Journal of Usability Studies archive · Cited by 1,357

Authors: Borsci, S., Federici, S., & Lauriola, M.
Affiliations: Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
University of Perugia (IT)
Corresponding author: Borsci, Simone
ORCID: Borsci, Simone
Federici, Stefano
Lauriola, Marco
Venue: Cognitive Processing
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2009-06-30
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Pages: 193-197
ISSN: 1612-4782 (ISSN-L)
1612-4790
DOI: 10.1007/s10339-009-0268-9
OpenAlex: W2058625228
Cited by: 275
References: 15
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 4.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Cognitive Processing (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Keywords: System Usability Scale, usability evaluation, dimensionality, two-factor model, learnability, usability, correlated factors, measurement model, structural equation modeling, user ratings
MeSH terms: Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Models, Theoretical, Surveys and Questionnaires, User-Computer Interface, Young Adult

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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On the dimensionality of the System Usability Scale: a test of alternative measurement models

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks