Cited by 433HIV, Drug Use, Sexual RiskSurvey Sampling and Estimation TechniquesSurvey Methodology and Nonresponse

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Using Respondent-Driven Sampling Methodology for HIV Biological and Behavioral Surveillance in International Settings: A Systematic Review

Malekinejad, Mohsen, Johnston, Lisa Grazina, Kendall, Carl, Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, Rifkin, Marina Raven, Rutherford, George W.·2008·AIDS and Behavior

DOI 10.1007/s10461-008-9421-1

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Abstract

To determine operational and analytical characteristics of respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in international settings and to explore factors that may affect recruitment of most-at-risk populations using RDS, we reviewed HIV biological and behavioral surveillance studies that used this method outside of the United States. We identified 123 eligible studies, 59 from Europe, 40 from Asia and the Pacific, 14 from Latin America, seven from Africa and three from Oceania. Studies collectively recruited 32,298 participants between 2003 and 2007; 53% of studies were conducted among injecting drug users, which generally had faster recruitment compared with studies among sex workers. All but 13 studies reached > or = 90% of their intended sample size, and six studies failed to reach equilibrium for key variables. This review has shown that RDS is an effective technique, when designed and implemented appropriately, to sample most-at-risk populations for HIV biological and behavioral surveys.

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Method
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Self-citation
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BackgroundSelf-citation
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Method
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Method
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Drug Users and HIV Risk in Guatemala City, Guatemala
Hembling, J., Bertrand, J. T., Melendez, G., & Ponchick, L. (2019) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/0022042619826073 · Cited by 2
“We used STATA SE © version 12.0 to analyze survey data and calculate medians and means using unadjusted data (Malekinejad et al., 2008).”
MethodInfluential
Current drug use patterns and HIV and HCV prevalence among people who inject drugs in suburban areas of Malaysia
Pang, J., Danaee, M., Kasinather, V. B., Jarlais, D. C. D., Kamarulzaman, A., & Salleh, N. A. M. (2025) · Journal of the International AIDS Society · doi:10.1002/jia2.26420 · Cited by 2
Knowledge and Utilization of Voluntary Counselling and Testing Services for HIV by Older Adults (50 Years and Over) In Botswana
Ama, N. O., & Shaibu, S. (2015) · Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research · doi:10.4172/2155-6113.1000511 · Cited by 2
“RDS is an effective way to sample most-at-risk populations in HIV biological and behavioural surveys [37].”
Method
Testing key underlying assumptions of respondent-driven sampling within a real-world network of people who inject drugs
Buchanan, R. M., Cook, C., Khakoo, S. I., & Parkes, J. (2021) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/13645579.2020.1857964 · Cited by 2
“(Malekinejad et al., 2008; Montealegre et al., 2013) RDS begins with a small number of participants (known as seeds) selected from the target population by the research team.”
Background
Binary regression analysis with network structure of respondent-driven sampling dataPreprint
Bastos, L. S., Pinho, A. D. A., Codeço, C. T., & Bastos, F. I. (2012) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1206.5681 · Cited by 2
“RDS has been widely used in several countries and well-known public health institutes [3].”
Method
Sampling recently arrived immigrants in the UK: Exploring the effectiveness of respondent driven samplingPreprint
Frere-Smith, T., Luthra, R. R., & Platt, L. (2014) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 2
Men's Health Study: A Cross Sectional Study of HIV among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Kisumu, Kenya
Plenty, A. (2012) · Figshare · Cited by 2
Diagnostics for Respondent-driven SamplingPreprint
Gile, K. J., Johnston, L. G., & Salganik, M. (2012) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1209.6254 · Cited by 2
“…at higher risk and the weaknesses of alternatives approaches, RDS has already been used in hundreds of HIV-related studies in dozens of countries (Malekinejad et al., 2008; Montealegre et al., 2013) and has been adopted by leading public health organizations, such as the US Centers for Disease…”
MethodSelf-citation
Inferring bivariate associations with continuous data from studies using respondent-driven sampling
Malatesta, S., Jacobson, K. R., Carney, T., Kolaczyk, E. D., Gile, K. J., & White, L. F. (2024) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C (Applied Statistics) · doi:10.1093/jrsssc/qlae061 · Cited by 1
Estimating Prevalence of Forced Labor in the Brick Kiln Industry in Pakistan: A Comparison of Two Sampling Methodologies
Hameed, W., Wirtz, A. L., Lakhani, S., Rizvi, S. M., Nafees, A. A., Shah, S., Fatmi, Z., & Robinson, W. C. (2025) · Journal of Human Trafficking · doi:10.1080/23322705.2025.2567790 · Cited by 1
“RDS has gained use over the last two decades in other health research among networked marginalized populations to produce prevalence and population size estimations (Gile & Handcock, 2010; Magnani et al., 2005; Malekinejad et al., 2008).”
Can a participant‐referred ‘study buddy’ increase retention of rural people who use drugs in research? A multi‐site, randomized trial
Young, A. M., Lancaster, K. E., Elman, M., Bielavitz, S., Cook, R., Estadt, A. T., Enderle, M. N., Freeman, E., Lapidus, J., & Korthuis, P. T. (2025) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.70250 · Cited by 1
Evaluation of SMARTube to Detect HIV Infection Before Seroconversion Using Standard Methods
Feldblum, P. J., Chen, P., Fischer, S., & Sexton, C. J. (2016) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.2015.0284 · Cited by 1
Factors Affecting the Designing of Sampling Method for Hidden Populations Exposed to High Risk Diseases
Saadati, M., & Bagheri, A. (2017) · Journal of Health Promotion Managment · doi:10.21859/jhpm-07011 · Cited by 1
Dynamics of Information Diffusion and Social Sensing
Krishnamurthy, V., & Hoiles, W. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813677-5.00021-3 · Cited by 1
Assessing AI Adoption: Investigating Variances in AI Utilization across Student Year Levels in Far Eastern University-Manila, Philippines
Rosa, A. C. D., Dacuma, A. K. C., Ang, C. A. B., Nudalo, C. J. R., Cruz, L. J., & Vallespin, M. R. (2024) · International Journal of Current Science Research and Review · doi:10.47191/ijcsrr/v7-i5-31 · Cited by 1
El muestreo dirigido por los entrevistados (MDE) para acceder a poblaciones en condiciones de vulnerabilidad frente al VIH: su aplicación en grupos de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres
Montoya, J. H. E., & Rico, L. V. (2011) · Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública · doi:10.17533/udea.rfnsp.6400 · Cited by 1
Assessing Respondent-Driven Sampling in the Estimation of the Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in Populations Structured in Complex Networks
de Albuquerque, E. M., Codeço, C. T., & Bastos, F. I. (2011) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25501-4_11 · Cited by 1
“, behave differently in RDS studies [8].”
Background
Factors associated with HIV infection among a respondent-driven sample of men who have sex with men in Salvador, Brazil Fatores associados a infecção por HIV numa amostra respondent-driven sampling de homens que fazem sexo com homens, Salvador
Brignol, S., Kerr, L. R. F. S., Denise, L., Amorim, & Dourado, I. C. (2016) · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Gendered Phenomenological Perceptions on Characteristics of Sexual Harassment among Soldiers in Eastern, Zambia
(2018) · International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education · doi:10.20431/2349-0381.0507011 · Cited by 1
Past 12-month nonfatal overdose among people who inject drugs in Ukraine: City-level estimates and risk factors from a cross-sectional study
Mazhnaya, A., Johnson, R. M., Sazonova, Y., German, D., & Owczarzak, J. (2021) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108513 · Cited by 1
A Bayesian framework for modelling the preferential selection process in respondent-driven sampling
McLaughlin, K. R. (2021) · Statistical Modelling · doi:10.1177/1471082x211043945 · Cited by 1
Relações entre topologia e dinâmica em processos de crescimento e contágio em redes complexas
Abdo, A. H. (2009) · doi:10.11606/t.43.2009.tde-09032010-103716 · Cited by 1
Distribuição e mobilidade espacial de uma amostra de usuários de drogas recrutados pelo método Respondent-driven Sampling, Rio de Janeiro, 2009
da Silveira, L., & Toledo, G. (2011) · Americanae (AECID Library) · Cited by 1
Studies in respondent-driven sampling : Directed networks, epidemics, and random walks
Malmros, J. (2016) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 1
Prevalence and Correlates of HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C Infections and Sexual Behaviours of Men who have sex with men in Two Cities in Nigeria
Adebajo, S. B. (2014) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.4970.5688 · Cited by 2
Mining Hidden Populations through Attributed SearchPreprint
Kumar, S., Gao, H., Wang, C., Sundaram, H., & Chang, K. C. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1905.04505 · Cited by 1
“Examples include: people with mental illnesses [7], sex workers [19], cyber bullying [26], hacked accounts [14] to name a few.”
Background
Neighbourhood Bootstrap for Respondent-Driven SamplingPreprint
Yauck, M., Moodie, E. E. M., Apelian, H., Fourmigue, A., Grace, D., Hart, T. A., Lambert, G., & Cox, J. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2010.00165 · Cited by 1
“There is a rich literature on inference for population prevalence of viral diseases (Gile and Handcock 2010; Gile et al. 2015; Volz and Heckathorn 2008) and risk behaviors (Malekinejad et al. 2008; Johnston et al. 2010, 2008; Heckathorn 2002) among stigmatized populations.”
Risky sexual behaviour among men: HIV surveillance and risk reduction among men who have multiple, female sexual partners in Cape Town, South Africa
Townsend, L. (2010) · Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town) · Cited by 1
HIV risk and preventive behaviours among the intimate partners of men who inject drugs in Malaysia
Manaf, R. A. (2015) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.3170.4408 · Cited by 1
Effectiveness of Respondent Driven Sampling in Engaging Methamphetamine Users in HIV Prevention Research in Cape Town, South Africa
Kimani, S. (2014) · DukeSpace (Duke University)
Desafios para o monitoramento da epidemia de HIV/aids entre os grupos populacionais sob maior risco no Brasil
Barbosa, A. (2008) · Americanae (AECID Library)
Amsterdamse basecokegebruikers in beeld
Houwing, P., Pérez, A. O., & Korf, D. J. (2011) · Verslaving · doi:10.1007/s12501-011-0006-8
Surveillance for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for countries in transition: PART 2: Surveillance for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Russia
Kissin, D. M., VITEK, C. R., Voronin, E., & Hillis, S. D. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118543504.ch26
DEJONG ET AL. RESPOND
DeJong, J., Mahfoud, Z. R., Khouri, D., Barbir, F., & Afifi, R. (2010) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.184218
Práticas de risco ao HIV de mulheres profissionais do sexo HIV risk practices by female sex workers according to workplace
Szwarcwald, C. L., & de Souza, R. B. (2014)
For peer review only High Sexual Risk Behavior Indicates Explosive HIV Transmission among Men who have Sex with Men in Vietnam
Thorson, A. E. (2013)
Sexual behaviours of men who inject drugs in
Kermode, M., Armstrong, G., Medhi, G. K., Humtsoe, C., Langkham, B., & Mahanta, J. (2015)
L'uso delle reti sociali per la costruzione di campioni probabilistici: possibilità e limiti per lo studio di popolazioni senza lista di campionamento
Bovone, L. (2010) · PubliCatt (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) · doi:10.83049/unicatt/publicatt/10280_984
Men that have sex with men (msm): reflections for prevention and health promotion Homens que têm sexo com homens (hsh): reflexões para a prevenção e promoção da saúde
Estrada-Montoya, J. H. (2014)
Forte Prévalence de l'Infection à VIH dans la Population des Hommes ayant des Rapports Sexuels Avec d'Autres Hommes Vivant À Bangui, En République Centrafricaine
Longo, J. D. D., Simaléko, M. M., Diemer, H. S.-C., Brücker, G., Bélec, L., & Grésenguet, G. (2015) · HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE

Authors: Malekinejad, M., Johnston, L. G., Kendall, C., Kerr, L. R. F. S., Rifkin, M. R., & Rutherford, G. W.
Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco (US)
Tulane University (US)
New Mexico State University (US)
Corresponding author: Malekinejad, Mohsen
ORCID: Malekinejad, Mohsen
Johnston, Lisa Grazina
Kendall, Carl
Rutherford, George W.
Venue: AIDS and Behavior
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2008-06-17
Volume: 12
Issue: S1
Pages: 105-130
ISSN: 1090-7165 (ISSN-L)
1573-3254
DOI: 10.1007/s10461-008-9421-1
OpenAlex: W2123624310
Cited by: 433
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 3.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: AIDS and Behavior (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: World Health Organization
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
Keywords: respondent-driven sampling, HIV surveillance, most-at-risk populations, people who inject drugs, sex workers, recruitment, HIV behavioral surveillance
MeSH terms: Data Collection, Female, Humans, Male, Population Surveillance, Risk-Taking, Sampling Studies, Sexual Behavior, HIV Infections, Internationality

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Using Respondent-Driven Sampling Methodology for HIV Biological and Behavioral Surveillance in International Settings: A Systematic Review

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