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Perceived Discrimination and Physical Health Among HIV-Positive Black and Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men
Open accessAbstract
We conducted the first study to examine health correlates of discrimination due to race/ethnicity, HIV-status, and sexual orientation among 348 HIV-positive Black (n = 181) and Latino (n = 167) men who have sex with men. Participants completed audio computer-assisted self-interviews. In multivariate analyses, Black participants who experienced greater racial discrimination were less likely to have a high CD4 cell count [OR = 0.7, 95 % CI = (0.5, 0.9), p = 0.02], and an undetectable viral load [OR = 0.8, 95 % CI = (0.6, 1.0), p = 0.03], and were more likely to visit the emergency department [OR = 1.3, 95 % CI = (1.0, 1.7), p = 0.04]; the combined three types of discrimination predicted greater AIDS symptoms [F (3,176) = 3.8, p < 0.01]. Among Latinos, the combined three types of discrimination predicted greater medication side effect severity [F (3,163) = 4.6, p < 0.01] and AIDS symptoms [F (3,163) = 3.1, p < 0.05]. Findings suggest that the stress of multiple types of discrimination plays a role in health outcomes.
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“Structural racism scholars have recommended methodological approaches to better capture the mutli-dimensional nature of structural racism including the development of an index of variables or a latent construct, as well as structural equation modeling [32–35].”
From Structural Racism Conceptualization and Operationalization for Research for the U.S. HIV Epidemic: Findings from a Scoping Review and Implications for Advancing Research for Structural Interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bogart, L. M., Landrine, H., Galvan, F. H., Wagner, G. J., & Klein, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- East Carolina University (US)
- RAND Corporation (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bogart, Laura M.
- Venue
- AIDS and Behavior
- Published
- 2013-01-08
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1431-1441
- ISSN
- 1090-7165 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3254
- PMC
- PMC3631464
- OpenAlex
- W2037393900
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 6.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- AIDS and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science
- Univerzita Karlova v Praze
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH072351, R01 MH072351-S1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- perceived discrimination, HIV-positive men who have sex with men, Black men, Hispanic men, racial discrimination, sexual orientation discrimination, physical health, CD4 count, viral load, emergency department visits, adverse drug reactions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Black or African American, Cross-Sectional Studies, Discrimination, Psychological, Health Status, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Perception, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sexual Behavior, United States, HIV Infections, Multivariate Analysis, Homosexuality, Male, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Viral Load, Black People, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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