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Cited by 900LGBTQ Health, Identity, and PolicyRacial and Ethnic Identity ResearchMental Health Treatment and Access

Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence

Meyer, Ilan H.·2013·Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
DOI 10.1037/2329-0382.1.s.3
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Abstract

In this article the author reviews research evidence on the prevalence of mental disorders in lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (LGBs) and shows, using meta-analyses, that LGBs have a higher prevalence of mental disorders than heterosexuals. The author offers a conceptual framework for understanding

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Crossref · 10.1037/2329-0382.1.s.3

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1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The Minority Stress Model argues that minority populations such as TGD individuals are exposed to hostile and stressful social environments because of their minority status, leading to worse mental health outcomes than for cisgender and heteronormative populations.

    “The Minority Stress Model (MSM) argues that minority populations such as TGD individuals are exposed to hostile and stressful social environments because of their minority status, leading to worse mental health outcomes than for cisgender and heteronormative populations [29,30].”

    From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [29]

  • The MSM identifies three processes by which minority populations are exposed to minority stress: external or distal environmental stressors, expectations of harm and resulting vigilance, and internalization of negative social attitudes into negative self-perception.

    “The MSM identifies three processes by which minority populations are exposed to minority stress: (1) external or distal environmental stressors, (2) expectations of harm and resulting vigilance, and (3) internalization of negative social attitudes into negative self-perception [29,30].”

    From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [29]

  • Anonymous cyberbullying and the threat it poses negatively impacted the mental health of participants, especially through intrapersonal emotional responses, consistent with the MSM framework.

    “Many of the emotional responses reported, especially those that were intrapersonal, made it clear that anonymous cyberbullying and the threat it poses negatively impacted the mental health of participants, consistent with the MSM framework [29].”

    From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [29]

  • Witnessing the cyberbullying of others within your community acts as an external stressor, consistent with MSM explanations.

    “Conceptually, this is consistent with MSM explanations, whereby witnessing the cyberbullying of others within your community acts as an external stressor [29,30].”

    From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [29]

  • Sexual minority individuals have a higher vulnerability to experience mental health challenges due to social stressors inherent from living in heterosexist and/or cisheteronormative environments.

    “The SM stress model (Meyer, 2013) posits that SM individuals have a higher vulnerability to experience mental health challenges due to the nefarious impact of social stressors inherent from living in heterosexist and/or cisheteronormative environments.”

    From To feel safe inside and out: The effect of self-compassion and social safeness underlie the relationship between parental invalidation and borderline features in sexual minority adults. (2024) · cites this paper as Meyer, 2013

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Authors
Meyer, I. H.
Corresponding author
Meyer, Ilan H.
ORCID
Meyer, Ilan H.
Venue
Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2013-08
Volume
1
Issue
S
Pages
3-26
ISSN
  • 2329-0382 (ISSN-L)
  • 2329-0390
DOI
10.1037/2329-0382.1.s.3
OpenAlex
W2315207768
Cited by
900
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 35 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 123 · 2014: 133 · 2013: 96 · 2012: 81
FWCI
208.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Library of Medicine (G13LM007660)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
lesbian, gay, and bisexual people, mental illness, mental health, prejudice, social stress, prevalence of mental disorders, conceptual framework

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