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Psychometric Properties of the Parent and Teacher Versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for 4- to 12-Year-Olds: A Review
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Since its development, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been widely used in both research and practice. The SDQ screens for positive and negative psychological attributes. This review aims to provide an overview of the psychometric properties of the SDQ for 4- to 12-year-olds. Results from 48 studies (N = 131,223) on reliability and validity of the parent and teacher SDQ are summarized quantitatively and descriptively. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater agreement are satisfactory for the parent and teacher versions. At subscale level, the reliability of the teacher version seemed stronger compared to that of the parent version. Concerning validity, 15 out of 18 studies confirmed the five-factor structure. Correlations with other measures of psychopathology as well as the screening ability of the SDQ are sufficient. This review shows that the psychometric properties of the SDQ are strong, particularly for the teacher version. For practice, this implies that the use of the SDQ as a screening instrument should be continued. Longitudinal research studies should investigate predictive validity. For both practice and research, we emphasize the use of a multi-informant approach.
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From Effects of the Big Brothers Big Sisters of America Community-Based Mentoring Program on social-emotional, behavioral, and academic outcomes of participating youth: A randomized controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as Stone et al. (2010)
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“for which reliability estimates in a similar range also have been reported in prior research (see Stone et al., 2010, for a review).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Stone, L. L., Otten, R., Engels, R. C. M. E., Vermulst, A. A., & Janssens, J. M. A. M.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Stone, Lisanne L.
- Venue
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
- Published
- 2010-06-30
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 254-274
- ISSN
- 1096-4037 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2827
- PMC
- PMC2919684
- OpenAlex
- W2098063426
- Cited by
- 1,031
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 3.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- ZonMw
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, psychometric properties, reliability statistics, validity, parent report, teacher reports, child mental health screening, five-factor structure, multi-informant assessment, children aged 4 to 12
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Personality Assessment, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Observer Variation
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