Cited by 1,031Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychometric Methodologies and TestingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 125 of the 129 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Psychometric Properties of the Parent and Teacher Versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for 4- to 12-Year-Olds: A Review

Open access

Stone, Lisanne L., Otten, Roy, Engels, Rutger C. M. E., Vermulst, Ad A., Janssens, Jan M. A. M.·2010·Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review

DOI 10.1007/s10567-010-0071-2PMC PMC2919684

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Since its development, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been widely used in both research and practice. The SDQ screens for positive and negative psychological attributes. This review aims to provide an overview of the psychometric properties of the SDQ for 4- to 12-year-olds. Results from 48 studies (N = 131,223) on reliability and validity of the parent and teacher SDQ are summarized quantitatively and descriptively. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater agreement are satisfactory for the parent and teacher versions. At subscale level, the reliability of the teacher version seemed stronger compared to that of the parent version. Concerning validity, 15 out of 18 studies confirmed the five-factor structure. Correlations with other measures of psychopathology as well as the screening ability of the SDQ are sufficient. This review shows that the psychometric properties of the SDQ are strong, particularly for the teacher version. For practice, this implies that the use of the SDQ as a screening instrument should be continued. Longitudinal research studies should investigate predictive validity. For both practice and research, we emphasize the use of a multi-informant approach.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s10567-010-0071-2

Cites

125 of 125 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Cohen, J. (2013) · doi:10.4324/9780203771587 · Cited by 25,373
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0046016 · Cited by 17,116
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note
Goodman, R. (1997) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x · Cited by 14,908
Untitled work
(1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 8,071
Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire
GOODMAN, R. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200111000-00015 · Cited by 6,813
Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity.
Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.213 · Cited by 5,436
Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence
Costello, E. J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.837 · Cited by 4,035

Show all 129 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

Du, Y., Su, L., & Li, X. (1995). Usage of Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1, 44–45.
Holland, D., & Dadds, M. (1995). The diagnostic schedule for children, adolescents and parents. Brisbane: Griffith University Press.
Scholte, E. M., & Van der Ploeg, J. D. (1998). ADHD Vragenlijst (ADHD Questionnaire). Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.
Streiner, D. L., & Norman, G. R. (1989). Health measurements scales. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Swanson, J. M. (1992). School-based assessments and interventions for ADD children. Irvine, CA: KC.
World Health Organization. (1992). International classification of diseases 10th edition: Classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Geneva: WHO.

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 1,001

Technology-Assisted Teachers’ Training to Promote Socioemotional Well-Being of Children in Public Schools in Rural Pakistan
Hamdani, S. U., Zill-e-Huma, Warraitch, A., Suleman, N., Muzzafar, N., Minhas, F. A., F.R.C.Psych, Nizami, A. T., F.C.P.S., Sikander, S., et al. (2020) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202000005 · Cited by 19
Exploratory Graph Analysis of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Santiago, P. H. R., Macedo, D. M., Haag, D. G., Roberts, R., Smithers, L. G., & Jamieson, L. (2021) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911211024338 · Cited by 20
Parent-Led Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Conditions. A Pilot Study
Byrne, G., Ghráda, Á. N., & O’Mahony, T. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05424-2 · Cited by 22
Caregiver-Reported Changes in the Socioemotional Wellbeing and Daily Habits of Children With Special Educational Needs During the First COVID-19 National Lockdown in the United Kingdom
Morgül, E., Kallitsoglou, A., Essau, C. A., & Castro, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.838938 · Cited by 19
The factor structure of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire in a national sample of Swedish adolescents: Comparing 3 and 5-factor models
Karlsson, P., Larm, P., Svensson, J., & Raninen, J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0265481 · Cited by 19
Plasma proteomics discovery of mental health risk biomarkers in adolescents
Maciel, I. D. S., Piironen, A., Afonin, A. М., Ivanova, M., Alatalo, A., Jadhav, K. K., Júlvez, J., Foraster, M., KAMP, I. V., & Kanninen, K. M. (2023) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-023-00103-2 · Cited by 21
Mental Health Problems Among Preschoolers in Germany: Results of the BELLA Preschool Study
The BELLA Study Group, Wlodarczyk, O., Pawils, S., Metzner, F., Kriston, L., Wendt, C., Klasen, F., & Ravens‐Sieberer, U. (2015) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-015-0586-3 · Cited by 19
Attachment Security, Personality, and Adjustment of Elementary School Children
Goldner, L., & Scharf, M. (2013) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2012.709201 · Cited by 19
Detecting initiation or risk for initiation of substance use before high school during pediatric well-child check-ups
Ridenour, T. A., Willis, D., Bogen, D. L., Novak, S. P., Scherer, J., Reynolds, M., Zhai, Z. W., & Tarter, R. E. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.013 · Cited by 21
Enhancing the Emotional Well-Being of Perinatally HIV-Infected Youth Across Global Contexts
Small, L., Mercado, M., Gopalan, P., Pardo, G., Mellins, C. A., & McKay, M. M. (2014) · Global Social Welfare · doi:10.1007/s40609-014-0009-6 · Cited by 19
Clinical Profiles of Children with Disruptive Behaviors Based on the Severity of Their Conduct Problems, Callous–Unemotional Traits and Emotional Difficulties
Andrade, B. F., Sorge, G. B., Na, J. J., & Wharton-Shukster, E. (2014) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-014-0497-8 · Cited by 20
[Mental health in the age group 4-15 years based on the results of the national survey of health 2006, Spain].
Bullón, F. F., del Barco, B. L., Castaño, E. F., & Santos, E. J. R. (2012) · PubMed · doi:10.1590/s1135-57272012000400011 · Cited by 19
The Effectiveness of Parent Training as a Treatment for Preschool Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled, Multicenter Trial of the New Forest Parenting Program in Everyday Clinical Practice
Lange, A., Daley, D., Frydenberg, M., Rask, C. U., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., & Thomsen, P. H. (2016) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.5319 · Cited by 21
Do Mothers and Fathers Perceive Their Child’s Problems and Prosocial Behaviors Differently?
Yuh, J. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0818-1 · Cited by 22
Association Between Parenting Style and Social Outcomes in Children with and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An 18-Month Longitudinal Study
Bhide, S., Sciberras, E., Anderson, V. A., Hazell, P., & Nicholson, J. M. (2017) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000453 · Cited by 19
Children with Behavioural Problems Misinterpret the Emotions and Intentions of Others
Wells, A. E., Hunnikin, L. M., Ash, D. P., & van Goozen, S. H. M. (2019) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-019-00594-7 · Cited by 22
Breadwinners and Losers: Does the Mental Health of Mothers, Fathers, and Children Vary by Household Employment Arrangements? Evidence From 7 Waves of Data From the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
King, T. L., Shields, M., Byars, S., Kavanagh, A. M., Craig, L., & Milner, A. J. (2020) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa138 · Cited by 19
Early school adjustment: Do social integration and persistence mediate the effects of school-entry skills on later achievement?
Schmerse, D., & Zitzmann, S. (2020) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2020.101374 · Cited by 19
Influences on help-seeking decisions for behavioral child sleep problems: Why parents do and do not seek help
Newton, A. T., Corkum, P. V., Blunden, S. L., & Reid, G. J. (2020) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104520963375 · Cited by 19
Children’s family drawings: association with attachment representations in story stem narratives and social and emotional difficulties
Kallitsoglou, A., Repana, V., & Shiakou, M. (2021) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2021.1877284 · Cited by 19
Infertility, infertility treatment and behavioural problems in the offspring
Zhu, J. L., Obel, C., Basso, O., Henriksen, T. B., Bech, B. H., Hvidtjørn, D., & Olsen, J. (2011) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2011.01220.x · Cited by 19
Cortical thickness and prosocial behavior in school-age children: A population-based MRI study
Thijssen, S., Wildeboer, A., Muetzel, R. L., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Marroun, H. E., Albert Hofman, D., Jaddoe, V. W. V., van der Lugt, A., Verhulst, F. C., Tiemeier, H. W., et al. (2015) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2015.1014063 · Cited by 18
Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation in the Context of a Statewide Expulsion Prevention Initiative
Edge, N. A. C., Kyzer, A. L., Davis, A. E., & Whitman, K. (2021) · Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation · doi:10.1080/10474412.2021.1983440 · Cited by 18
Family and neighbourhood risk and children's problem behaviour: The moderating role of intelligence
Flouri, E., Midouhas, E., & Joshi, H. E. (2015) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2015.08.003 · Cited by 18
Psychological adjustment in children with episodic migraine: A population-based study.
Arruda, M. A., & Arruda, R. (2014) · Psychology & Neuroscience · doi:10.3922/j.psns.2014.1.06 · Cited by 19
Coping power for preschool‐aged children: a pilot randomized control trial study
Muratori, P., Giuli, C., Bertacchi, I., Orsolini, L., Ruglioni, L., & Lochman, J. E. (2016) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12346 · Cited by 18
Mental health assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for children born extremely preterm without severe disabilities at 11 years of age: a Norwegian, national population-based study
Fevang, S. K. E., Hysing, M., Sommerfelt, K., & Elgen, I. B. (2017) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-017-1007-x · Cited by 18
Parent Ratings of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: What Is the Optimum Factor Model?
Gomez, R., & Stavropoulos, V. (2017) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191117721743 · Cited by 19
Psychometric Properties and Norms for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Administered Online in an Australian Sample
Seward, R. J., Bayliss, D. M., Stallman, H. M., & Ohan, J. L. (2017) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12325 · Cited by 18
Should Clinicians Split or Lump Psychiatric Symptoms? The Structure of Psychopathology in Two Large Pediatric Clinical Samples from England and Norway
de la Cruz, L. F., Vidal‐Ribas, P., Zahreddine, N., Mathiassen, B., Brøndbo, P. H., Simonoff, E. A., Goodman, R., & Stringaris, A. K. (2017) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-017-0777-1 · Cited by 18
Inequality in skills for learning: do gaps in children’s socio-emotional development widen over time according to family background?
van Poortvliet, M. (2021) · Oxford Review of Education · doi:10.1080/03054985.2020.1862778 · Cited by 20
Validation of the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to screen mental health problems among school-age children in Mongolia
Aoki, A., Ganchimeg, T., Nyam, N., Zuunnast, K., Gundegmaa, L., Bat-Erdene, S., Munkhbaatar, B., Mori, R., Kikuchi, A., Soya, H., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03218-x · Cited by 18
Siblings and child development
Rochebrochard, É. D. L., & Joshi, H. E. (2013) · Longitudinal and Life Course Studies · doi:10.14301/llcs.v4i3.248 · Cited by 19
Multitrait–Multimethod Analysis of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Young Asian American Children
Yu, J., Sun, S., & Cheah, C. S. L. (2015) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191115586459 · Cited by 20
Child Behavioural Problems and Body Size among 2-6 Year Old Children Predisposed to Overweight. Results From the “Healthy Start” Study
Olsen, N. J., Pedersen, J., Händel, M. N., Stougaard, M., Mortensen, E. L., & Heitmann, B. L. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078974 · Cited by 18
An Item Response Theory Analysis of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)
Keller, F., & Langmeyer, A. N. (2017) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000390 · Cited by 18
The Structure of Emotion Dialogues: Maternal Reminiscing Factors Differentially Relate to Child Language and Socio-Emotional Outcomes
McDonnell, C. G., Lawson, M., Speidel, R., Fondren, K., & Valentino, K. (2022) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-021-00889-8 · Cited by 21
Empowering School Staff to Support Pupil Mental Health Through a Brief, Interactive Web-Based Training Program: Mixed Methods Study
Soneson, E., Howarth, E., Weir, A., Jones, P. B., & Fazel, M. S. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/46764 · Cited by 17
Prevalence, risk factors, psychological effects of children and adolescents with lower urinary tract symptoms: a large population-based study
Liu, X., Wang, Z., Zhou, Z., Yang, S., Yang, J., Wen, Y., Zhang, Y., Lv, L., Hu, J., Wang, Q., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2024.1455171 · Cited by 17
Incidence rates of emotional and behavioural problems in Malaysian children as measured by parent ratings of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
Gomez, R., & Suhaimi, A. F. (2013) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2013.06.009 · Cited by 17
Assessment of disruptive behavior disorders: Tools and recommendations.
McKinney, C., & Morse, M. C. (2012) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/a0027324 · Cited by 17
Socioeconomic inequalities in parent-reported and teacher-reported psychological well-being
Lewis, H., Hope, S., & Pearce, A. (2014) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2014-306288 · Cited by 17
The Role of Callous-Unemotional Traits on Adolescent Positive and Negative Emotional Reactivity: A Longitudinal Community-Based Study
Truedsson, E., Fawcett, C. A., Wesevich, V. G., Gredebäck, G., & Wåhlstedt, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00573 · Cited by 17
Interrater agreement and discrepancy when assessing problem behaviors, social-emotional skills, and developmental status of kindergarten children.
Bergold, S., Christiansen, H., & Steinmayr, R. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22840 · Cited by 15
Measuring children’s emotional and behavioural problems: are SDQ parent reports from native and immigrant parents comparable?
Runge, R. A., & Soellner, R. (2019) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-019-0306-z · Cited by 17
Social Communication and Structural Language of Girls With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
Burton, J. M., Creaghead, N. A., Silbert, N. H., Breit‐Smith, A., Duncan, A. W., & Grether, S. M. (2020) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2020_lshss-20-00004 · Cited by 21
Are child autism symptoms, developmental level and adaptive function associated with caregiver feelings of wellbeing and efficacy in the parenting role?
Taylor, L. J., Luk, S. Y. L., Leadbitter, K., Moore, H. L., & Charman, T. (2021) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101738 · Cited by 20
Self-control and coping responses are mediating factors between child behavior difficulties and parental stress and family impact in caregivers of children with severe epilepsy
Jakobsen, A. V., & Elklit, A. (2021) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108224 · Cited by 17
Teachers' Ratings of Childhood Behaviours Predict Adolescent and Adult Crime among 3016 Males and Females
Hodgins, S., Larm, P., Ellenbogen, M. A., Vitaro, F., & Tremblay, R. E. (2013) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371305800304 · Cited by 17
Mothers’ Predictions of their Son’s Executive Functioning Skills: Relations to Child Behavior Problems
Johnston, C. (2011) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-011-0221-x · Cited by 16
The effectiveness of Chance UK’s mentoring programme in improving behavioural and emotional outcomes in primary school children with behavioural difficulties: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Whybra, L., Warner, G., Bjornstad, G. J., Hobbs, T., Brook, L., Wrigley, Z., Berry, V., Ukoumunne, O. C., Matthews, J., Taylor, R. S., et al. (2018) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-018-0220-9 · Cited by 16
Social, emotional, and behavioral functioning in young childhood cancer survivors with chronic health conditions
Mader, L., Sláma, T., Schindera, C., Rössler, J. K., von der Weid, N., Belle, F. N., & Kuehni, C. E. (2022) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.29756 · Cited by 16
Siblings in lockdown: International evidence for birth order effects on child adjustment in the Covid19 pandemic
Hughes, C. H., Ronchi, L., Foley, S., Dempsey, C., & Lecce, S. (2023) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12668 · Cited by 16
Measuring positive and negative aspects of youth behavior: Development and validation of the Adolescent Functioning Scale
Dittman, C. K., Burke, K., Filus, A., Haslam, D. M., & Ralph, A. (2016) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.08.002 · Cited by 16
Behavioural and emotional problems among school children in Pakistan: A telephonic survey for prevalence and risk factors
Malik, T. A., Siddiqui, S., & Mahmood, A. (2019) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.14429 · Cited by 16
Mental health screening for children in care using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Brief Assessment Checklists: Guidance from three national studies
Tarren‐Sweeney, M., Goemans, A., Hahne, A. S., & Gieve, M. (2019) · Developmental Child Welfare · doi:10.1177/2516103219829756 · Cited by 16
The socio-emotional development of language-minority children entering primary school in Ireland
McNally, S., Darmody, M., & Quigley, J. (2019) · Irish Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/03323315.2019.1663550 · Cited by 18
The association of community and individual parental social capital with behavior problems among children in Japan: results from A-CHILD longitudinal study
Funakoshi, Y., Xuan, Z., Isumi, A., Doi, S. K., Ochi, M., & Fujiwara, T. (2020) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-020-01866-0 · Cited by 16
Co-Occurring Mental Health Symptoms in Urban Adolescents: Comorbidity Profiles and Correlates
Webb, L., Musci, R. J., & Mendelson, T. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2021.1901228 · Cited by 16
The impact of the first wave of the Covid‐19 pandemic on parents of children with externalising difficulties in ireland: A longitudinal cohort study
Berry, A., Burke, T., & Carr, A. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14941 · Cited by 16
The Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health: Psychosocial Conditions of Students with and without Special Educational Needs
Scheer, D., & Laubenstein, D. (2021) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci10110405 · Cited by 16
Parenting Stress During COVID-19 Lockdown: Correlates with Family and Child Factors
Li, G., Tan, T. X., & Wang, P. (2022) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x221106719 · Cited by 16
A first-level evaluation of a family intervention for adolescent social, emotional and behavioural difficulties in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
Wynne, C., Doyle, C., Kenny, R., Brosnan, E., & Sharry, J. (2016) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.2989/17280583.2015.1135804 · Cited by 17
Incremental Validity of Teacher and Parent Symptom and Impairment Ratings when Screening for Mental Health Difficulties
Aitken, M., Martinussen, R., & Tannock, R. (2016) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0188-y · Cited by 17
The Influence of Child Gender on the Prospective Relationships between Parenting and Child ADHD
Demmer, D. H., Puccio, F., Stokes, M. A., McGillivray, J., & Hooley, M. (2017) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0284-7 · Cited by 16
Parental trajectories of PTSD and child adjustment: Findings from the Building a New Life in Australia study.
Reid, K., & Berle, D. (2019) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000434 · Cited by 18
A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a dog-facilitated physical activity minimal intervention on young children’s physical activity, health and development: the PLAYCE PAWS trial
Ng, M., Wenden, E. J., Lester, L., Westgarth, C., & Christian, H. E. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-10034-7 · Cited by 16
Multi-informant reports of mental health in Swedish-born children of immigrants and children born to non-immigrants – the SESBiC-study
deKeyser, L., Svedin, C. G., Agnafors, S., Bladh, M. K., & Sydsjö, G. (2014) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2431-14-95 · Cited by 16
Proteges’ personality traits, expectations, the quality of the mentoring relationship and adjustment: A big five analysis
Goldner, L. (2016) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-015-9319-9 · Cited by 15
The Power of Everyday Peer Relatedness in Predicting Subjective Well-Being After School Transition
Schmidt, A., Dirk, J., & Schmiedek, F. (2020) · Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie · doi:10.1026/0049-8637/a000220 · Cited by 17
Brain structures and functional connectivity in neglected children with no other types of maltreatment
Kawata, N. Y. S., Nishitani, S., Yao, A., Takiguchi, S., Mizuno, Y., Mizushima, S. G., Makita, K., Hamamura, S., Saito, D. N., Okazawa, H., et al. (2024) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120589 · Cited by 15
Comparing the Clique Percolation algorithm to other overlapping community detection algorithms in psychological networks: A Monte Carlo simulation study
Santiago, P. H. R., Soares, G. H., Quintero, A., & Jamieson, L. (2024) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-024-02415-2 · Cited by 18
Evaluation of a statewide initiative to reduce expulsion of young children
Edge, N. A. C., Kyzer, A. L., Abney, A., Freshwater, A., Sutton, M., & Whitman, K. (2020) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21894 · Cited by 15
Asthma and allergies correlate with mental health problems in preschool children
Sollander, S. E., Fabian, H. M., Sarkadi, A., Salari, R., Fält, E., Dahlberg, A., Feldman, I., & Durbeej, N. (2020) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.15709 · Cited by 15
Mental health, neurodevelopmental, and family psychosocial profiles of children born very preterm at risk of an early‐onset anxiety disorder
Morris, A. R., Bora, S., Austin, N. C., & Woodward, L. J. (2021) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.14859 · Cited by 17
An Intervention to Increase Outdoor Play in Early Childhood Education Centers (PROmoting Early Childhood Outside): Protocol for a Pilot Wait-list Control Cluster Randomized Trial
Ramsden, R., Han, C. S. E., Mount, D., Loebach, J. E., Cox, A., Herrington, S., Bundy, A. C., Fyfe‐Johnson, A. L., Sandseter, E. B. H., Stone, M. R., et al. (2022) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/38365 · Cited by 15
Validation of a Measure of Parental Readiness for Treatment in a Clinical Sample of Children with Disruptive Behavior
Wade, M., & Andrade, B. F. (2014) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-014-9458-6 · Cited by 15
Community Screening for Preschool Child Inhibition to Offer the ‘Cool Little Kids’ Anxiety Prevention Programme
Beatson, R. M., Bayer, J. K., Perry, A., Mathers, M., Hiscock, H., Wake, M. A., Beesley, K., & Rapee, R. M. (2014) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.1863 · Cited by 15
Teacher Anxiety Program for Elementary Students (TAPES): intervention development and proposed randomized controlled trial
Ginsburg, G. S., Pella, J. E., Piselli, K., & Chan, G. (2019) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3863-9 · Cited by 15
Propiedades psicométricas de la versión para padres del Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
Brown, P., Capella, C., & Antivilo-Bruna, A. (2015) · Revista de psicología · doi:10.5354/0719-0581.2014.36146 · Cited by 15
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Behavioral Problems in 5-Year-Old Children Born with Cleft Lip and/or Palate from the Cleft Collective
Berman, S., Sharp, G. C., Lewis, S. J., Blakey, R., Davies, A., Humphries, K., Wren, Y. E., Sandy, J. R., & Stergiakouli, E. (2022) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1177/10556656221119684 · Cited by 14
Internet behavior patterns of adolescents before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic
Wu, Q., Ren, Q., Zhong, N., Bao, J., Zhao, Y., Du, J., Chen, T., & Zhao, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.947360 · Cited by 14
Evaluating the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) in Children Aged Between 8–14 Years
Sun, X., & Guo, C. (2024) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-024-02794-2 · Cited by 14
Comparing the Psychometric Performance of Generic Paediatric Health-Related Quality of Life Instruments in Children and Adolescents with ADHD, Anxiety and/or Depression
O’Loughlin, R., Jones, R., Chen, G., Mulhern, B. J., Hiscock, H., Devlin, N. J., & Dalziel, K. (2024) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.1007/s40273-024-01354-2 · Cited by 15
The sleep and activity database for the early years (SADEY) study: design and methods
Cliff, D. P., Antczak, D., Draper, C. E., Olds, T., Santos, R., Silva, D. A. S., Tremblay, M. S., van Sluijs, E. M. F., Kemp, B. J., Aadland, E., et al. (2024) · Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors · doi:10.1186/s44167-024-00054-8 · Cited by 14
Effectiveness of a universal classroom-based preventive intervention (PAX GBG): A research protocol for a matched-pair cluster-randomized controlled trial
Streimann, K., Trummal, A., Klandorf, K., Akkermann, K., Sisask, M., Toros, K., & Selart, A. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2017.08.013 · Cited by 14
Emotional and behavioral adjustment in 4 to 11-year-old boys and girls with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia and unaffected siblings
Kung, K. T. F., Spencer, D., Pasterski, V., Neufeld, S., Hindmarsh, P. C., Hughes, I. A., Acerini, C. L., & Hines, M. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.07.004 · Cited by 15
Psychological Functioning in Adolescents with Obesity Co-Morbidities
Walders‐Abramson, N., Nadeau, K. J., Kelsey, M. M., Schmiege, S. J., Ellert, S., Cejka, A. M., Bhatnagar, K. A. C., & Zeitler, P. S. (2013) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2012.0120 · Cited by 14
Parenting Practices in Vietnam: An Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the PBS-S and PCS
Heel, M. V., Vu, B. T., Bosmans, G., Petry, K., Hoang, D. T., & Leeuwen, K. G. V. (2018) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-018-9469-7 · Cited by 14
Precursors of delayed sleep phase in adolescence: a population-based longitudinal study
Hysing, M., Harvey, A. G., Stormark, K. M., Pallesen, S., & Sivertsen, B. (2018) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy163 · Cited by 14
Serum cytokines associated with behavior: A cross-sectional study in 5-year-old children
Barbosa, S., Khalfallah, O., Forhan, A., Galéra, C., Heude, B., Glaichenhaus, N., & Davidovic, L. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.01.005 · Cited by 15
Polymorbidity of developmental disabilities: Additive effects on child psychosocial functioning and parental distress
Chan, R. C. H., Yi, H., & Siu, Q. K. Y. (2020) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103579 · Cited by 14
Attachment security, the quality of the mentoring relationship and protégés’ adjustment
Goldner, L., & Scharf, M. (2014) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-014-0349-0 · Cited by 13
Parental emotion regulation and children's mental health: Longitudinal mediation by parenting stress and sensitive challenging parenting
Iwanski, A., Lichtenstein, L., Paulus, J., Werner, C., Walper, S., Vierhaus, M., Spangler, G., & Zimmermann, P. (2025) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2025.113262 · Cited by 18
Multi-Trajectories of Conduct Problems, Hyperactivity/Inattention, and Peer Problems Across Childhood: Results from the Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort
Morales, M. F., MacBeth, A. M., Swartzman, S., & Girard, L. (2022) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-022-00956-8 · Cited by 14
Preventing anxiety problems in children with Cool Little Kids Online: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Morgan, A. J., Rapee, R. M., Tamir, E., Goharpey, N., Salim, A., McLellan, L. F., & Bayer, J. K. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-1022-5 · Cited by 14
Evaluation of a Sesame Street Multimedia Intervention for Families Transitioning Out of the Military
Sherman, M. D., Monn, A. R., Larsen, J. L., & Gewirtz, A. H. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1083-7 · Cited by 13
A systematic review of tools used to screen and assess for externalising behaviour symptoms in low and middle income settings
Maldonado, B. N., Chandna, J., & Gladstone, M. (2019) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2019.11 · Cited by 13
Evaluating a Short Form of the Academic Competence Evaluation Scales: Expanded Examination of Psychometric Properties
Owens, J. S., Allan, D. M., Kassab, H. D., & Mikami, A. Y. (2019) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-019-09347-9 · Cited by 13
Why the Son-bias in Caregiving? Testing Sex-differences in the Associations Between Paternal Caregiving and Child Outcomes in England
Emmott, E. H., & Mace, R. H. (2020) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x20941902 · Cited by 13

Authors: Stone, L. L., Otten, R., Engels, R. C. M. E., Vermulst, A. A., & Janssens, J. M. A. M.
Affiliations: Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
Corresponding author: Stone, Lisanne L.
ORCID: Otten, Roy
Engels, Rutger C. M. E.
Vermulst, Ad A.
Janssens, Jan M. A. M.
Venue: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2010-06-30
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: 254-274
ISSN: 1096-4037 (ISSN-L)
1573-2827
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-010-0071-2
PMC: PMC2919684
OpenAlex: W2098063426
Cited by: 1,031
References: 129
Citations by year: 2026: 52 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 3.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: ZonMw
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, psychometric properties, reliability statistics, validity, parent report, teacher reports, child mental health screening, five-factor structure, multi-informant assessment, children aged 4 to 12
MeSH terms: Mental Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Personality Assessment, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Observer Variation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Psychometric Properties of the Parent and Teacher Versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for 4- to 12-Year-Olds: A Review

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks