Promoting Children’s Healthy Habits Through Self-Regulation Via Parenting
Open accessAbstract
The prevalence of lifestyle-related disease worldwide is high and increasing. The majority of approaches that aim to prevent and manage these conditions target adults' health behaviors; however, it is important to note that the foundations for long-term health are laid down in early childhood. This paper examines evidence for relationships between children's self-regulation and short-, medium-, and long-term health outcomes. It further considers the role of child self-regulation in the development of healthy habits and examines evidence for intervention approaches that seek to upregulate children's self-regulatory capacities. Parents may play a crucial role in the development of both self-regulation and health-promoting behaviors in childhood, and therefore, present a logical target for interventions aiming to improve child health outcomes. However, to date, very little is known about the mechanisms that underpin the relationships between parenting, child self-regulation and health outcomes. This paper proposes future research directions and identifies the potential contribution that parenting interventions could make to the international effort to halt the increasing prevalence of lifestyle-related disease.
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Guided audio sessions incorporating relaxation training, diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and guided visualization lower physiological arousal by reducing muscle tension, heart rate, and overall anxiety, facilitating transition into sleep readiness.
“These approaches have been found to lower physiological arousal by reducing muscle tension, heart rate, and overall anxiety, which can facilitate the body's transition into sleep readiness [93].”
From Pre-Sleep Anxiety: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches in Clinical Practice. (2026) · cites this paper as [93]
Regular audio guidance conditions both body and mind to associate bedtime with calmness by serving as a controlled distraction from intrusive thoughts.
“Regular audio guidance is thought to condition both body and mind to associate bedtime with calmness, by serving as a controlled distraction from intrusive thoughts, allowing individuals to relax and adopt a more restful state conducive to sleep [93].”
From Pre-Sleep Anxiety: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches in Clinical Practice. (2026) · cites this paper as [93]
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Jakobsson, M., Josefsson, K., & Högberg, K. M. (2022) · The Journal of School Nursing · doi:10.1177/10598405221084317 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“This is in line with Baker et al. (2019), who described how parents ’ ability to guide their children in developing healthy habits is a key to supporting their health in the present and in the long term.”
Backgroundde Oliveira, M. L., Castagnoli, J. D. L., Machado, K. M. C., Soares, J. M., Teixeira, F., Schiessel, D. L., dos Santos, E. F., & Novello, D. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14142827 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Despite this scenario, it is essential that children receive guidance on the importance of consuming healthy foods and periodic physical exercise, which can promote good health habits in subsequent stages of life, reducing the risk of disease [24].”
BackgroundDevelopment and validation of the parenting and child tooth brushing assessment questionnaire
Tadakamadla, S. K., Mitchell, A. E., Johnson, N. W., & Morawska, A. (2021) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/cdoe.12649 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
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Parent‐reported barriers to establishing a healthy diet with young children in Australia
Arthur, S., Mitchell, A. E., & Morawska, A. (2022) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.13081 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
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“The early years of a child’s life are vital for their overall growth and development, with the implementation of healthy behavioral interventions during this critical period playing a central role in shaping their long-term outcomes (Baker et al., 2019).”
Gomes, A. I., Pereira, A. I., Guerreiro, T., Branco, D., Roberto, M. S., Pires, A. C., Sousa, J., Baranowski, T., & Barros, L. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05897-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“, about the consequences of using specific feeding practices or about the steps to apply a feeding behavior in a particular situation), we invested in a constellation of self-regulation techniques that have already proven to be, individually or together, effective in promoting health behaviors [13, 50].”
BackgroundTadakamadla, S. K., Rathore, V., Mitchell, A. E., Johnson, N. W., & Morawska, A. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056269 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationFamily Context Assessment to Promote Language and Reading Abilities in 6-Year-Old Children
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Instability in the environment and children’s in-school self-regulatory behaviors
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“One possible explanation is that younger children, who have weaker self-control, are more likely to make unhealthy behavioral choices (Baker, Morawska, & Mitchell, 2019; Ha et al., 2016), thereby increasing the risk of overweight and obesity.”
Dental Health Status of Early Childhood Patients in Dental Health Care Clinics
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Rathore, V., Mitchell, A. E., Morawska, A., & Tadakamadla, S. K. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10050924 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“, instruction and demonstration of parenting behaviours) [26,27], few included strategies, such as the identification of oneself as a role model [28], promotion of children’s self-regulation or the management of parents’ emotional responses to children’s eating challenges, all of which are important to the development…”
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Robotics Use in the Care and Management of People Living With Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review
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“43 The studies demonstrate how SARs can enhance education, motivation and self-management through gamification, storytelling and emotionally responsive interactions.”
Early school-age family meal characteristics matter for the later development of boys and girls
Pagani, L. S., Harbec, M.-J., Fortin, G., Harandian, K., & Barnett, T. A. (2022) · Dialogues in Health · doi:10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100007 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Third, previous studies have mainly focused on older children, thus unable to underscore the importance of the early childhood years in relation to long-term well-being [10].”
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Láthatatlan akadályok – súlyos gyermekkori ételallergia a családban
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Développement et validation du Questionnaire sur l’exécution des habitudes quotidiennes
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“Studies show that structured routines, low household chaos, and low environmental overstimulation are associated with stronger B-SR development across early childhood (Baker et al., 2019; Gago Galvagno et al., 2022; Oloye & Flouri, 2021; Vernon-Feagans et al., 2016).”
Desarrollo emocional en la primera infancia: de la teoría a la práctica
Alcívar-Chávez, A. C., Ordóñez-Calle, J. P., Campoverde, M. M. P., Barandica-Macías, A. E., & Moya-Lara, I. N. (2025) · doi:10.70171/hce0r182 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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“In addition, routines promote children’s autonomy and self-esteem, along with enhanced well-being and executive functions (12, 21–23).”
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“In general, interventions have tended to focus on health education and the provision of guidelines or recommendations with limited or no training of parents and little recognition of the importance of the role of parents in developing healthy lifestyle habits [71].”
BackgroundDual verifications in mHealth apps: Supporting self-regulation or increasing friction?
Kang, K., & Park, J. (2024) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-024-00716-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“According to Baker et al. (2019), developing habits during childhood strengthens self-regulation skills.”
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“Additionally, higher-level cognitive skills such as planning and problem-solving emerge, both of which are closely linked to the development of self-regulation [ 7 - 9 ].”
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Nonlinear Optical Microscopy of Murine Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
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Nursing infants, young children and their families
(2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108980944.007
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Description of Family Knowledge on Children's First Aid With Dehydration in RT 003 Village Bani City
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“Finally, in order to ensure healthier lives and promote well-being at all ages (SDG 3), promoting physical activity habits in childhood has been linked to good physical activity habits in adulthood [9].”
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“33 Exercising regularly may be a way of establishing healthy habits and of not only reducing negative emotions but also increasing positive emotions and balance in life.”
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“Additionally, routinely brushing their teeth as a healthy lifestyle is beneficial or even crucial to developing children’s health practices and self-regulatory capacities [13].”
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“Furthermore, children aged 9–10 years need to transition from parental control to self-control (5), which warrants substantial attention.”
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Parental gatekeeping and parenting in families with children: a network analysis
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“The process of emotional regulation in children is initially mediated by caregivers, who serve as co-regulators until the child develops the ability to self-regulate (Baker et al., 2019 ; Paley & Hajal, 2022 ).”
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“In fact, when parents are sensitive to their children’s needs and cues and serve as appropriate models for self-regulation, they help children develop self-regulation (Baker et al., 2019).”
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- Authors
- Baker, S., Morawska, A., & Mitchell, A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Baker, Sabine
- Venue
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
- Published
- 2019-02-06
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 52-62
- ISSN
- 1096-4037 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2827
- OpenAlex
- W2911443646
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council (DP140100781)
- Children’s Hospital Foundation Early Career Fellowship (50223)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Keywords
- children's self-regulation, parenting, health behavior, lifestyle-related diseases, early childhood, parenting support, health-promoting behaviors, child health outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Self-Control, Adult, Child, Child Behavior, Habits, Health Promotion, Humans, Health Behavior, Parenting
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