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The Impact of Covid-19 Experiences and Associated Stress on Anxiety, Depression, and Functional Impairment in American Adults
Open accessAbstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on health and well-being worldwide and there is increasing recognition of the need to understand the psychological impact of COVID-19 experiences and stress in addition to the physical health consequences.Methods The present study examined how experiences related to COVID-19 and associated stress impact, anxiety, depression, and functional impairment in a convenience sample of 565 American adults (57.9% male) recruited through MTURK.Results COVID-19 experiences were consistently associated with higher odds of probable anxiety and depression diagnoses (ORs ≥ 3.0). COVID-19 associated stress also predicted large proportions of variance (R 2 ≥ 30) in anxiety, depression, health anxiety, and functional impairment in latent variable analyses.Conclusions These findings highlight that personal experiences related to the diagnosis of COVID-19, mortality in acquaintances, and COVID-19 associated stress is associated with a greatly elevated risk of emotional disorder symptomatology and that the COVID-19 pandemic may result in increased demand for mental health services.
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“Mental health problems have increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, prompting numerous disruptions to daily life, unique stressors, increased mental health concerns, and decreased quality of life”
From Examining the effectiveness and acceptability of a group-based ACT intervention delivered by videoconference to international university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2024) · cites this paper as Gallagher, Zvolensky, Long, Rogers, & Garey, 2020
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“Several studies showed that during the early months of the pandemic, increased COVID-19 related distress was associated with increased levels of anxiety, stress, and depression (Bitan et al., 2020; Gallagher et al., 2020).”
From The association between facets of mindfulness and COVID-19 related distress: A cross-sectional study (2023) · cites this paper as Gallagher et al., 2020
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gallagher, M. W., Zvolensky, M. J., Long, L. J., Rogers, A. H., & Garey, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Houston (US)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gallagher, Matthew W.
- Venue
- Cognitive Therapy and Research
- Published
- 2020-08-29
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1043-1051
- ISSN
- 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2819
- PMC
- PMC7456202
- OpenAlex
- W3081595932
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 11
- FWCI
- 20.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety, depression, functional disability, health anxiety, COVID-19 diagnosis, mental health demand, psychological impact of pandemic
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