Artificial Intelligence in Education Research during 2013–2023: A Review Based on Bibliometric Analysis

Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – where are the educators?

Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0 · Cited by 7,242 · cited 3× · see citing works

Emerging trends in regenerative medicine: a scientometric analysis inCiteSpace

Chen, C., Hu, Z., Liu, S., & Tseng, H. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.2012.674507 · Cited by 1,391 · see citing works

A Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education from 2010 to 2020

Zhai, X., Chu, X., Chai, C. S., Jong, M. S. Y., Istenic, A., Spector, M., Liu, J.-B., Yuan, J., & Li, Y. (2021) · Complexity · doi:10.1155/2021/8812542 · Cited by 1,364 · cited 1× · see citing works

Evolution and Revolution in Artificial Intelligence in Education

Roll, I., & Wylie, R. (2016) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-016-0110-3 · Cited by 1,229 · see citing works

Historical threads, missing links, and future directions in AI in education

Williamson, B., & Eynon, R. (2020) · Learning, Media and Technology · doi:10.1080/17439884.2020.1798995 · Cited by 981 · see citing works

Revolutionizing education with AI: Exploring the transformative potential of ChatGPT

Adiguzel, T., Kaya, M. H., & Cansu, F. K. (2023) · Contemporary Educational Technology · doi:10.30935/cedtech/13152 · Cited by 975 · see citing works

Artificial Intelligence trends in education: a narrative overview

Chassignol, M., Khoroshavin, A., Klimova, A., & Bilyatdinova, A. (2018) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.233 · Cited by 956 · see citing works

Effectiveness of Intelligent Tutoring Systems: A Meta-Analytic Review

Kulik, J. A., & Fletcher, J. D. (2016) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654315581420 · Cited by 930 · cited 1× · see citing works

AI technologies for education: Recent research & future directions

Zhang, K., & Aslan, A. B. (2021) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100025 · Cited by 923 · see citing works

Artificial intelligence in online higher education: A systematic review of empirical research from 2011 to 2020

Ouyang, F., Zheng, L., & Jiao, P. (2022) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-022-10925-9 · Cited by 831 · see citing works

Artificial intelligence innovation in education: A twenty-year data-driven historical analysis

Guan, C., Mou, J., & Jiang, Z. (2020) · International Journal of Innovation Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijis.2020.09.001 · Cited by 665 · see citing works

Intelligent tutoring systems: A systematic review of characteristics, applications, and evaluation methods

Mousavinasab, E., Zarifsanaiey, N., R. Niakan Kalhori, S., Rakhshan, M., Keikha, L., & Ghazi Saeedi, M. (2021) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2018.1558257 · Cited by 605 · see citing works

“A neural approach to automated essay scoring,”

Taghipour, K., & Ng, H. T. (2016) · Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/d16-1193 · Cited by 537 · see citing works

The application of AI technologies in STEM education: a systematic review from 2011 to 2021

Xu, W., & Ouyang, F. (2022) · International Journal of STEM Education · doi:10.1186/s40594-022-00377-5 · Cited by 495 · see citing works

A Systematic Literature Review of Student’ Performance Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques

Albreiki, B., Zaki, N., & Alashwal, H. (2021) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci11090552 · Cited by 430 · see citing works

Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Study on its Impact in the Scientific Literature

Hinojo-Lucena, F.-J., Aznar-Díaz, I., Cáceres-Reche, M.-P., & Romero-Rodríguez, J.-M. (2019) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci9010051 · Cited by 400 · see citing works

Analyzing and Predicting Students’ Performance by Means of Machine Learning: A Review

Rastrollo-Guerrero, J. L., Gomez-Pulido, J. A., & Durán-Domínguez, A. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10031042 · Cited by 372 · see citing works

AI in Education

Tahiru, F. (2020) · Journal of Cases on Information Technology · doi:10.4018/jcit.2021010101 · Cited by 369 · see citing works

Systematic review of adaptive learning research designs, context, strategies, and technologies from 2009 to 2018

Martin, F., Chen, Y., Moore, R. L., & Westine, C. D. (2020) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-020-09793-2 · Cited by 306 · see citing works

Automated Assessment in Computer Science Education: A State-of-the-Art Review

Paiva, J. C., Leal, J. P., & Figueira, Á. (2022) · ACM Transactions on Computing Education · doi:10.1145/3513140 · Cited by 275 · see citing works

Applying machine learning in science assessment: A systematic review

Zhai, X., Yin, Y., Pellegrino, J. W., Haudek, K. C., & Shi, L. (2020) · Studies in Science Education · doi:10.1080/03057267.2020.1735757 · Cited by 257 · see citing works

From Log Files to Assessment Metrics: Measuring Students' Science Inquiry Skills Using Educational Data Mining

Gobert, J. D., Sao Pedro, M., Raziuddin, J., & Baker, R. S. (2013) · Journal of the Learning Sciences · doi:10.1080/10508406.2013.837391 · Cited by 210 · see citing works

AI and the future of humanity: ChatGPT-4, philosophy and education – Critical responses

Peters, M. A., Jackson, L., Papastephanou, M., Jandrić, P., Lazaroiu, G., Evers, C. W., Cope, B., Kalantzis, M., Araya, D., Tesar, M., et al. (2024) · Educational Philosophy and Theory · doi:10.1080/00131857.2023.2213437 · Cited by 188 · see citing works

Artificial Intelligence Applications in K-12 Education: A Systematic Literature Review

Zafari, M., Bazargani, J. S., Sadeghi-Niaraki, A., & Choi, S.-M. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3179356 · Cited by 185 · see citing works

User experience of a mobile speaking application with automatic speech recognition for EFL learning

Ahn, T. Y., & Lee, S. (2015) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.12354 · Cited by 181 · see citing works

How does artificial intelligence empower EFL teaching and learning nowadays? A review on artificial intelligence in the EFL context

Jiang, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1049401 · Cited by 181 · cited 4× · see citing works

Chatgpt for next generation science learning

Zhai, X. (2023) · XRDS Crossroads The ACM Magazine for Students · doi:10.1145/3589649 · Cited by 178 · cited 4× · see citing works

In the face of fallible AWE feedback: how do students respond?

Bai, L., & Hu, G. (2016) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2016.1223275 · Cited by 171 · see citing works

Applying learning analytics for improving students engagement and learning outcomes in an MOOCs enabled collaborative programming course

Lu, O. H. T., Huang, J. C. H., Huang, A. Y. Q., & Yang, S. J. H. (2017) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2016.1278391 · Cited by 167 · see citing works

Intelligent tutoring systems for programming education: a systematic review

Crow, T., Luxton-Reilly, A., & Wuensche, B. (2018) · Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Computing Education Conference · doi:10.1145/3160489.3160492 · Cited by 166 · see citing works

Using Artificial Intelligence (AI)-interfaced robotic toys in early childhood settings: a case for children’s inquiry literacy

Kewalramani, S., Kidman, G., & Palaiologou, I. (2021) · European Early Childhood Education Research Journal · doi:10.1080/1350293x.2021.1968458 · Cited by 150 · see citing works

Learning Analytics and Digital Badges: Potential Impact on Student Retention in Higher Education

Mah, D.-K. (2016) · Technology Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-016-9286-8 · Cited by 148 · see citing works

Foundations of dynamic learning analytics: Using university student data to increase retention

de Freitas, S., Gibson, D., Plessis, C. D., Halloran, P., Williams, E. J., Ambrose, M., Dunwell, I., & Arnab, S. (2014) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.12212 · Cited by 145 · see citing works

The effectiveness of intelligent tutoring systems on K‐12 students' reading comprehension: A meta‐analysis

Xu, Z., Wijekumar, K. K., Ramı́rez, G., Hu, X., & Irey, R. C. (2019) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.12758 · Cited by 145 · see citing works

Artificial Intelligence in Education Research During The Last Ten Years: A Review and Bibliometric Study

Prahanı, B. K., Rizki, I. A., Jatmiko, B., Suprapto, N., & Tan, A. (2022) · International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) · doi:10.3991/ijet.v17i08.29833 · Cited by 139 · see citing works

Two Decades of Artificial Intelligence in Education: Contributors, Collaborations, Research Topics, Challenges, and Future Directions

Chen, X., Zou, D., Xie, H., Cheng, G., & Liu, C. (2022) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 137 · see citing works

From substitution to redefinition: A framework of machine learning‐based science assessment

Zhaı, X., Haudek, K. C., Shi, L., Nehm, R. H., & Urban‐Lurain, M. (2020) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.21658 · Cited by 134 · see citing works

Adaptive Intelligent Support to Improve Peer Tutoring in Algebra

Walker, E., Rummel, N., & Koedinger, K. R. (2013) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-013-0001-9 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Design and Evaluation of a Deep Learning Recommendation Based Augmented Reality System for Teaching Programming and Computational Thinking

Lin, P.-H., & Chen, S.-Y. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.2977679 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Applying machine learning to automatically assess scientific models

Zhaı, X., He, P., & Krajcik, J. S. (2022) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.21773 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

A Systematic Literature Review of Intelligent Tutoring Systems With Dialogue in Natural Language

Paladines, J., & Ramírez, J. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3021383 · Cited by 123 · see citing works

Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Bibliometric Study

Talan, T. (2021) · International Journal of Research in Education and Science · doi:10.46328/ijres.2409 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Learning analytics: state of the art

Hernández-de-Menéndez, M., Morales-Menendez, R., Escobar, C. A., & Ramírez Mendoza, R. A. (2022) · International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM) · doi:10.1007/s12008-022-00930-0 · Cited by 93 · see citing works

Learning Analytics: A Systematic Literature Review

Banihashem, S. K., Aliabadi, K., Ardakani, S. P., Delaver, A., & Ahmadabadi, M. N. (2018) · Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences · doi:10.5812/ijvlms.63024 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Recommendation Systems in Education: A Systematic Mapping Study

Rivera, A. C., Tapia-León, M., & Luján‐Mora, S. (2018) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73450-7_89 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

Recommender systems to support learners’ Agency in a Learning Context: a systematic review

Deschênes, M. (2020) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-020-00219-w · Cited by 85 · see citing works

Learning Analytics to identify dropout factors of Computer Science studies through Bayesian networks

Lacave, C., Molina, A. I., & Cruz-Lemus, J. A. (2018) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2018.1485053 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

A bibliometric analysis on deep learning during 2007–2019

Li, Y., Xu, Z., Wang, X., & Wang, X. (2020) · International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s13042-020-01152-0 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

An affective and Web 3.0-based learning environment for a programming language

Cabada, R. Z., Estrada, M. L. B., González-Hernández, F., Bustillos, R. O., & Reyes-Garcia, C. A. (2017) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2017.03.005 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

Smart MOOC integrated with intelligent tutoring: A system architecture and framework model proposal

Yılmaz, R., Yurdugül, H., Yılmaz, F. G. K., Şahi̇n, M., Sulak, S., Aydın, F., Tepgeç, M., Müftüoğlu, C. T., & Oral, Ö. (2022) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100092 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Review of research on applications of speech recognition technology to assist language learning

Shadiev, R., & Liu, J. (2022) · ReCALL · doi:10.1017/s095834402200012x · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Using Decision Tree and Artificial Neural Network to Predict Students Academic Performance

Alslman, Y., Halemah, N. K. A., Alnagi, E., & Salameh, W. A. (2019) · International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS) · doi:10.1109/iacs.2019.8809106 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Automated Grading Systems for Programming Assignments: A Literature Review

Aldriye, H., Alkhalaf, A., & Alkhalaf, M. (2019) · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications · doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2019.0100328 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Computer Vision Meets Educational Robotics

Sophokleous, A., Christodoulou, P., Doitsidis, L., & Chatzichristofis, S. A. (2021) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics10060730 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

How Effective are Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Computer Science Education?

Nesbit, J. C., Adesope, O., Liu, Q., & Ma, W. (2014) · IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT) · doi:10.1109/icalt.2014.38 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Using Automatic Speech Recognition to Enhance Education for All Students: Turning a Vision into Reality

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Assessing Argumentation Using Machine Learning and Cognitive Diagnostic Modeling

Zhaı, X., Haudek, K. C., & Ma, W. (2022) · Research in Science Education · doi:10.1007/s11165-022-10062-w · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Are Automated Assessment Tools Helpful in Programming Courses?

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Investigating the effectiveness of speech-to-text recognition applications on learning performance, attention, and meditation

Shadiev, R., Huang, Y.-M., & Hwang, J.-P. (2017) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-017-9516-3 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Research on Speech Recognition Technology and Its Application

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Effects of Dictation, Speech to Text, and Handwriting on the Written Composition of Elementary School English Language Learners

Arcon, N., Klein, P. D., & Dombroski, J. D. (2017) · Reading & Writing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10573569.2016.1253513 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Semantic Similarity Measures for the Generation of Science Tests in Basque

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Information Science and Applications

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Identification and analysis of core topics in educational artificial intelligence research: A Bibliometric analysis

Song, P., Ahmad, N. A., Khambari, M. N. M., & Yap, N. K. (2021) · Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences · doi:10.18844/cjes.v16i3.5782 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

A Graduate School Recommendation System Using the Multi-Class Support Vector Machine and KNN Approaches

Baskota, A., & Ng, Y. (2018) · IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IRI) · doi:10.1109/iri.2018.00050 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

The Effects of Self-Regulatory Learning through Computer-Assisted Intelligent Tutoring System on the Improvement of EFL Learner' Speaking Ability

Mohammadzadeh, A., & Sarkhosh, M. (2018) · International Journal of Instruction · doi:10.12973/iji.2018.11212a · Cited by 22 · see citing works

CiteSpace-based visualization analysis on mappings of alkali-activated cementitious materials in the field of engineering research

Ma, H., Chen, H., Jinliang, H., et al. (2020) · Case Studies in Construction Materials · doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2020.e00350 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Analysing the Computational Competences Acquired by K-12 Students When Lectured by Robotic and Human Teachers

Fernández, C., Conde, M. Á., Rodríguez‐Sedano, F. J., Rodríguez-Lera, F. J., & Olivera, V. M. (2017) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-017-0440-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Computer vision based classroom attendance management system-with speech output using LBPH algorithm

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The Trajectory of Artificial Intelligence Research in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualisation

Maphosa, V., & Maphosa, M. (2021) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Computing and Data Communication Systems (icABCD) · doi:10.1109/icabcd51485.2021.9519368 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

A Study on various Applications of Computer Vision for Teaching Learning in Classroom

Ashwin Shenoy, M., Santhosh, S., & Sandeep Kumar, S. (2022) · International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA) · doi:10.1109/iceca55336.2022.10009136 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

WordBytes: Exploring an Intermediate Constraint Format for Rapid Classification of Student Answers on Constructed Response Assessments

Kim, K. J., Pope, D. S., Wendel, D., & Meir, E. (2017) · Journal of Educational Data Mining · doi:10.5281/zenodo.3554721 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

A Fuzzy Cognitive Map like recommender system of Learning Resources

Aguilar, J., Valdiviezo-Díaz, P., & Riofrío, G. (2016) · Proceedings of ... IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems · doi:10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2016.7737873 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Application of robot programming to the teaching of object-oriented computer languages

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Recommendation system using deep learning to predict suitable academic path for higher secondary students

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Innovative Computing

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Competition and Feedback through Automated Assessment in a Data Structures and Algorithms Course

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Combining Deep Learning and Computer Vision Techniques for Automatic Analysis of the Learning Process in STEM Education

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A Bibliometrics-Based Systematic Review on Automated Essay Scoring in Education

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Adapting Computer Vision Algorithms to Smartphone-based Robot for Education

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Using computer vision in the gameplay of educational computer games

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Systematic review of artificial intelligence in education: trends, benefits, and challenges

Garzón, J., Patiño, E., & Marulanda, C. (2025) · Multimodal Technologies and Interaction · doi:10.3390/mti9080084 · Cited by 265 · see citing works

Student perceptions of ChatGPT: Benefits, costs, and attitudinal differences between users and non-users toward AI integration in higher education

Blahopoulou, J., & Ortiz-Bonnin, S. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13575-9 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Exploring Artificial Intelligence Integration and Student‐ <scp>AI</scp> Interaction in K‐12 Education: A Scoping Review

Seung, Y., Basham, J. D., Kim, T., & Lohoefener, J. (2025) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.70144 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

A bibliometric analysis of literature on bibliometrics in recent half-century

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An Introduction to Bibliometrics: New Development and Trends

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Bibliometrics course offerings by library and information science programs in China

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Science & Technology Education Conference

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Inquiry-based Learning and Digital Libraries in Undergraduate Science Education

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