Universal risk factors for multifactorial diseases: LifeLines: a three-generation population-based study
Open accessAbstract
The risk for multifactorial diseases is determined by risk factors that frequently apply across disorders (universal risk factors). To investigate unresolved issues on etiology of and individual's susceptibility to multifactorial diseases, research focus should shift from single determinant-outcome relations to effect modification of universal risk factors. We present a model to investigate universal risk factors of multifactorial diseases, based on a single risk factor, a single outcome measure, and several effect modifiers. Outcome measures can be disease overriding, such as clustering of disease, frailty and quality of life. "Life course epidemiology" can be considered as a specific application of the proposed model, since risk factors and effect modifiers of multifactorial diseases typically have a chronic aspect. Risk factors are categorized into genetic, environmental, or complex factors, the latter resulting from interactions between (multiple) genetic and environmental factors (an example of a complex factor is overweight). The proposed research model of multifactorial diseases assumes that determinant-outcome relations differ between individuals because of modifiers, which can be divided into three categories. First, risk-factor modifiers that determine the effect of the determinant (such as factors that modify gene-expression in case of a genetic determinant). Second, outcome modifiers that determine the expression of the studied outcome (such as medication use). Th…
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Both the original Lifelines Cohort Study and the add-on study are largely representative of the general population in the Northern part of the Netherlands.
“Both the original Lifelines Cohort Study and our add-on study are largely representative of the general population in the Northern part of the Netherlands”
From The decreasing prevalence of ADHD across the adult lifespan confirmed (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Stolk, R. P., Rosmalen, J. G. M., Postma, D. S., de Boer, R. A., Navis, G., Slaets, J. P. J., Ormel, J., & Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Stolk, Ronald P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Epidemiology
- Published
- 2007-12-13
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 67-74
- ISSN
- 0393-2990 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7284
- OpenAlex
- W2006561549
- Cited by
- 391
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 3.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Keywords
- complex diseases, effect modification, genetic susceptibility, gene-environment interaction, life course epidemiology, family transmission, disease clustering, frailty, quality of life, Lifelines cohort, genetic epidemiology
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Chronic Disease, Environment, Family Characteristics, Genes, Humans, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Netherlands, Research Design, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Causality, Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic
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