Dietary Protein Sources and Muscle Mass over the Life Course: The Lifelines Cohort Study
Open accessAbstract
The influence of dietary protein intake on muscle mass in adults remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate the association between protein intake and muscle mass in 31,278 men and 45,355 women from the Lifelines Cohort. Protein intake was estimated by food frequency questionnaire and muscle mass was estimated from 24 h urinary creatinine excretion. The age range was 18–91 years and mean total protein intake was 1.0 ± 0.3 g/kg/day. Across increasing quartiles of total protein intake, animal protein intake, and fish/meat/egg protein intake, creatinine excretion significantly increased in both men (+4% for total and +6% for fish/meat/egg protein intake, p < 0.001) and women (+3% for total and +6% for fish/meat/egg protein intake, p < 0.001). The associations were not systematically stronger or weaker with increasing age, but associations were strongest for young men (26–45 years) and older women (>75 years). The association between total protein intake and muscle mass was dependent on physical activity in women (p interaction < 0.001). This study suggests that total protein intake, animal protein intake, and in particular fish/meat/egg protein intake may be important for building and preserving muscle mass. Dietary protein sources should be further studied for their potential to build and preserve muscle mass.
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Jalving, A. C., Oosterwijk, M. M., Hagedoorn, I. J. M., Navis, G. J., Bakker, S. J. L., & Laverman, G. D. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10225227 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationDietary fiber intake and urinary creatinine: methodological implications for epidemiological studies
Shanmugam, H., Mérida-Ortega, Á., Cebrián, M. E., Gamboa-Loira, B., & López‐Carrillo, L. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-12379-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ibragimova, S. I., Nuskabayeva, G. O., Shalkharova, Z. N., Sadykova, K. Z., Junusbekova, G., & Oran, M. (2022) · Diabetes Mellitus · doi:10.14341/dm12745 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The anabolic role of plant-based proteins in response to chronic resistance exercise
SANTOS, C. D. S., Júnior, E. S. O., de Sá, M. J. L., & Esteves, E. A. (2021) · REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE · doi:10.21876/rcshci.v11i3.1135
Dardevet, D. P., Mosoni, L., Savary‐Auzeloux, I., Peyron, M., Polakof, S., & Rémond, D. (2021) · Cahiers de Nutrition et de Diététique · doi:10.1016/j.cnd.2021.10.002
Liu, Q., Cheng, J., Xu, P., Huang, Y., Ren, Z., Zhu, S., Yi, Y., & Gao, Y. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3014832/v1
RetractedXu, X., Zheng, W., Liu, Q., Li, Y., Yang, S., Zhou, R., Wang, Y., Qi, X., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., et al. (2026) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2026.01.063
Alaoufi, S., & Alhomaid, R. M. (2026) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.21545
- Authors
- Alexandrov, N. V., Eelderink, C., Singh-Povel, C. M., Navis, G. J., Bakker, S. J. L., & Corpeleijn, E.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- FrieslandCampina, 3800BN Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Alexandrov, Nikita V.
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-10-10
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1471
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6212815
- OpenAlex
- W2896661152
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 4.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Topconsortium voor Kennis en Innovatie (TKI-AF-12104)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- protein intake, muscle mass, animal protein, fish protein, meat proteins, egg proteins, urinary creatinine, physical activity, sex differences, life course, muscle mass preservation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Creatinine, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet Surveys, Dietary Proteins, Eating, Eggs, Female, Humans, Male, Meat, Middle Aged, Muscular Atrophy, Exercise, Seafood, Muscle, Skeletal, Young Adult
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