Evidence of early circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in France: findings from the population-based “CONSTANCES” cohort
Open accessAbstract
Using serum samples routinely collected in 9144 adults from a French general population-based cohort, we identified 353 participants with a positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG test, among whom 13 were sampled between November 2019 and January 2020 and were confirmed by neutralizing antibodies testing. Investigations in 11 of these participants revealed experience of symptoms possibly related to a SARS-CoV-2 infection or situations at risk of potential SARS-CoV-2 exposure. This suggests early circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe.
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Whether identifiable COVID-19 cases appeared earlier than December 2019 is unknown.
“Whether identifiable cases appeared earlier than December, 2019, is unknown.68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73”
From The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic (2022) · cites this paper as [71]
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- Authors
- Carrat, F., Figoni, J., Henny, J., Desenclos, J.-C., Kab, S., de Lamballerie, X., & Zins, M.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Santé Publique France (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Carrat, Fabrice
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Epidemiology
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 219-222
- ISSN
- 0393-2990 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7284
- PMC
- PMC7864798
- OpenAlex
- W3128066599
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 27
- FWCI
- 5.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de La Recherche (ANR-10-COHO-06)
- Sante Publique France (20DMIA014-0)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, neutralizing antibodies, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, seroprevalence, CONSTANCES cohort, pre-symptomatic infection, SARS-CoV-2 exposure, France
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Aged, Female, France, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Cohort Studies, Young Adult
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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