CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 17SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesSepsis Diagnosis and Treatment

COVID-19 and earlier pandemics, sepsis, and vaccines: A historical perspective

Open access
Cavaillon, Jean-Marc, Osuchowski, Marcin F.·2021·Journal of Intensive Medicine
DOI 10.1016/j.jointm.2021.04.003PMC PMC8130518
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Humanity has regularly faced the threat of epidemics and pandemics over the course of history. Successful attempts to protect populations were initially made with the development of new vaccines, such as those against plague and cholera, under the leadership of the bacteriologist Waldemar Haffkine. Vaccines have led to a complete eradication of smallpox and bovine plague and a major reduction in other infectious diseases including diphtheria, typhoid fever, poliomyelitis, and Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis. While a few coronaviruses have been identified that seasonally infect humans causing mild symptoms, the emergence of a new zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly triggered the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic responsible for widespread mortality. The severe phenotypes of COVID-19 resemble a previous infectious threat that was initially designated as hospital fever and puerperal fever, presently known as sepsis. A SARS-CoV-2 infection has frequently been considered as a form of viral sepsis (owing to common features with bacterial sepsis) but is also associated with an array of specific and unique symptoms. Rapid progress in anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development, in particular, the design of efficient messenger RNA (mRNA) and recombinant adenovirus vaccines, is crucial for curbing the pandemic.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jointm.2021.04.003

Cites

15 of 15 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Institut Pasteur sent Haffkine to fight cholera epidemics in India with a vaccine he had developed.

    “Later, Institut Pasteur sent Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930), who trained in Metchnikoff’s laboratory, to fight against cholera epidemics in India thanks to a vaccine he had developed [53].”

    From Louis Pasteur: Between Myth and Reality (2022) · cites this paper as [53]

    The Historical success of vaccines section says Haffkine developed a cholera vaccine and was sent to Calcutta, where he began a vaccination campaign. It does not say Institut Pasteur sent him; the Fig. 2 caption instead says Lord Dufferin offered him the opportunity to organize the campaign. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Haffkine developed an anti-plague vaccine used in India to fight plague epidemics.

    “In the following years, Haffkine developed an anti-plague vaccine used in India to fight plague epidemics [53].”

    From Louis Pasteur: Between Myth and Reality (2022) · cites this paper as [53]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 91

  1. [1]Clemow F. The recent pandemic of influenza: its place of origin and mode of spread Lancet 143 1894 329 331 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)66317-7 · DOI
  2. [2]Apolone G. Montomoli E. Manenti A. Boeri M. Sabia F. Hyseni I. Unexpected detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the prepandemic period in Italy Tumori 2020 300891620974755 10.1177/0300891620974755 PMC8529295 33176598 · DOI · Paper page
  3. [4]Anthony S.J. Johnson C.K. Greig D.J. Kramer S. Che X. Wells H. Global patterns in coronavirus diversity Virus Evol 3 1 2017 10.1093/ve/vex012 vex012 PMC5467638 28630747 · DOI
  4. [6]Donnelly C.A. Malik M.R. Elkholy A. Cauchemez S. Van Kerkhove M.D. Worldwide reduction in MERS cases and deaths since 2016 Emerg Infect Dis 25 9 2019 1758 1760 10.3201/eid2509.190143 31264567 PMC6711233 · DOI
  5. [7]Singer M. Deutschman C.S. Seymour C.W. Shankar-Hari M. Annane D. Bauer M. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3) JAMA 315 8 2016 801 810 10.1001/jama.2016.0287 26903338 PMC4968574 · DOI · Paper page
  6. [8]Cavaillon J.M. Chrétien F. From septicemia to sepsis 3.0 – from Ignaz Semmelweis to Louis Pasteur Microbes Infect 21 5–6 2019 213 221 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.06.005 31255674 · DOI
  7. [12]Reinhart K. Daniels R. Kissoon N. Machado F.R. Schachter R.D. Finfer S. Recognizing sepsis as a global health priority – a WHO resolution N Engl J Med 377 5 2017 414 417 10.1056/NEJMp1707170 28658587 · DOI
  8. [13]Zhou Q. Gao Y. Wang X. Liu R. Du P. Wang X. Nosocomial infections among patients with COVID-19, SARS and MERS: a rapid review and meta-analysis Ann Transl Med 8 10 2020 629 10.21037/atm-20-3324 32566566 PMC7290630 · DOI
  9. [14]Rickman H.M. Rampling T. Shaw K. Martinez-Garcia G. Hail L. Coen P. Nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective study of 66 hospital-acquired cases in a London teaching hospital Clin Infect Dis 72 4 2021 690 693 10.1093/cid/ciaa816 32562422 PMC7337682 · DOI
  10. [15]Rhee C. Baker M. Vaidya V. Tucker R. Resnick A. Morris C.A. Incidence of nosocomial COVID-19 in patients hospitalized at a large US academic medical center JAMA Netw Open 3 9 2020 e2020498 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.20498 PMC7489854 32902653 · DOI
  11. [17]Li H. Liu L. Zhang D. Xu J. Dai H. Tang N. SARS-CoV-2 and viral sepsis: observations and hypotheses Lancet 395 10235 2020 1517 1520 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30920-X 32311318 PMC7164875 · DOI
  12. [18]Lin H.Y. The severe COVID-19: a sepsis induced by viral infection? And its immunomodulatory therapy Chin J Traumatol 23 2020 190 195 10.1016/j.cjtee.2020.06.002 32690231 PMC7451584 · DOI
  13. [19]Colantuoni A. Martini R. Caprari P. Ballestri M. Capecchi P.L. Gnasso A. COVID-19 sepsis and microcirculation dysfunction Front Physiol 11 2020 747 10.3389/fphys.2020.00747 32676039 PMC7333313 · DOI
  14. [20]Osuchowski M.F. Aletti F. Cavaillon J.M. Flohé S.B. Giamarellos-Bourboulis E.J. Huber-Lang M. SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: evolving reality, global response, knowledge gaps, and opportunities Shock 54 4 2020 416 437 10.1097/SHK.0000000000001565 32433217 PMC7363382 · DOI
  15. [21]Osuchowski M.F. Winkler M.S. Skirecki T. Cajander S. Shankar-Hari M. Lachmann G. The COVID-19 puzzle: deciphering pathophysiology and phenotypes of a new disease entity Lancet Respir Med 9 6 2021 622 642 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00218-6 33965003 PMC8102044 · DOI
  16. [22]Sinha P. Matthay M.A. Calfee C.S. Is a "Cytokine Storm" relevant to COVID-19 JAMA Intern Med 180 9 2020 1152 1154 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3313 32602883 · DOI
  17. [23]Remy K.E. Mazer M. Striker D.A. Ellebedy A.H. Walton A.H. Unsinger J. Severe immunosuppression and not a cytokine storm characterizes COVID-19 infections JCI Insight 5 17 2020 e140329 10.1172/jci.insight.140329 PMC7526441 32687484 · DOI
  18. [25]Leisman D.E. Ronner L. Pinotti R. Taylor M.D. Sinha P. Calfee C.S. Cytokine elevation in severe and critical COVID-19: a rapid systematic review, meta-analysis, and comparison with other inflammatory syndromes Lancet Respir Med 8 12 2020 1233 1244 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30404-5 33075298 PMC7567529 · DOI
  19. [26]Zhou Z. Ren L. Zhang L. Zhong J. Xiao Y. Jia Z. Heightened innate immune responses in the respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients Cell Host Microbe 27 6 2020 883 890 10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.017 e2 32407669 PMC7196896 · DOI
  20. [28]Cavaillon J.M. Annane D. Compartmentalization of the inflammatory response in sepsis and SIRS J Endotoxin Res 12 3 2006 151 170 10.1179/096805106X102246 16719987 · DOI
  21. [29]Iba T. Levi M. Levy J.H. Sepsis-induced coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation Semin Thromb Hemost 46 1 2020 89 95 10.1055/s-0039-1694995 31443111 · DOI
  22. [30]Bastarache J.A. Ware L.B. Bernard G.R. The role of the coagulation cascade in the continuum of sepsis and acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome Semin Respir Crit Care Med 27 4 2006 365 376 10.1055/s-2006-948290 16909370 · DOI
  23. [31]Sadowitz B. Roy S. Gatto L.A. Habashi N. Nieman G. Lung injury induced by sepsis: lessons learned from large animal models and future directions for treatment Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 9 12 2011 1169 1178 10.1586/eri.11.141 22114967 · DOI
  24. [32]Ackermann M. Verleden S.E. Kuehnel M. Haverich A. Welte T. Laenger F. Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in COVID-19 N Engl J Med 383 2 2020 120 128 10.1056/NEJMoa2015432 32437596 PMC7412750 · DOI · Paper page
  25. [33]Tan L. Wang Q. Zhang D. Ding J. Huang Q. Tang Y.Q. Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study Signal Transduct Target Ther 5 1 2020 33 10.1038/s41392-020-0148-4 32296069 PMC7100419 · DOI
  26. [34]Feng Z. Diao B. Wang R. Wang G. Wang C. Tan Y. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) directly decimates human spleens and lymph nodes MedRxiv 2021 Available from: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.27.20045427v1 · DOI
  27. [35]Monneret G. Finck M.E. Venet F. Debard A.L. Bohé J. Bienvenu J. The anti-inflammatory response dominates after septic shock: association of low monocyte HLA-DR expression and high interleukin-10 concentration Immunol Lett 95 2 2004 193 198 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.07.009 15388260 · DOI
  28. [36]Munoz C. Carlet J. Fitting C. Misset B. Blériot J.P. Cavaillon J.M. Dysregulation of in vitro cytokine production by monocytes during sepsis J Clin Invest 88 5 1991 1747 1754 10.1172/JCI115493 1939659 PMC295719 · DOI
  29. [37]Benlyamani I. Venet F. Coudereau R. Gossez M. Monneret G. Monocyte HLA-DR measurement by flow cytometry in COVID-19 patients: an interim review Cytometry A 97 12 2020 1217 1221 10.1002/cyto.a.24249 33125816 · DOI
  30. [39]Decker T. Müller M. Stockinger S. The yin and yang of type I interferon activity in bacterial infection Nat Rev Immunol 5 9 2005 675 687 10.1038/nri1684 16110316 · DOI
  31. [40]Stifter S.A. Feng C.G. Interfering with immunity: detrimental role of type I IFNs during infection J Immunol 194 6 2015 2455 2465 10.4049/jimmunol.1402794 25747907 · DOI · Paper page
  32. [41]Wang N. Zhan Y. Zhu L. Hou Z. Liu F. Song P. Retrospective multicenter cohort study shows early interferon therapy is associated with favorable clinical responses in COVID-19 patients Cell Host Microbe 28 3 2020 455 464 10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.005 e2 32707096 PMC7368656 · DOI
  33. [42]Kamal M. Abo Omirah M. Hussein A. Saeed H Assessment and characterisation of post-COVID-19 manifestations Int J Clin Pract 2020 e13746 10.1111/ijcp.13746 Online ahead of print 32991035 PMC7536922 · DOI · Paper page
  34. [43]Cavaillon J.M. Singer M. Skirecki T. Sepsis therapies: learning from 30 years of failure of translational research to propose new leads EMBO Mol Med 12 4 2020 e10128 10.15252/emmm.201810128 32176432 PMC7136965 · DOI
  35. [44]Czermak B.J. Sarma V. Pierson C.L. Warner R.L. Huber-Lang M. Bless N.M. Protective effects of C5a blockade in sepsis Nat Med 5 7 1999 788 792 10.1038/10512 10395324 · DOI
  36. [45]Carvelli J. Demaria O. Vély F. Batista L. Chouaki Benmansour N. Fares J. Association of COVID-19 inflammation with activation of the C5a-C5aR1 axis Nature 588 7836 2020 146 150 10.1038/s41586-020-2600-6 32726800 PMC7116884 · DOI · Paper page
  37. [47]Karki R. Sharma B.R. Tuladhar S. Williams E.P. Zalduondo L. Samir P. Synergism of TNF-α and IFN-γ triggers inflammatory cell death, tissue damage, and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokine shock syndromes Cell 184 1 2021 149 168 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.025 e17 33278357 PMC7674074 · DOI · Paper page
  38. [48]Cross A.S. Opal S. Cook P. Drabick J. Bhattacharjee A. Development of an anti-core lipopolysaccharide vaccine for the prevention and treatment of sepsis Vaccine 22 7 2004 812 817 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.11.025 15040932 · DOI
  39. [49]Warren H.S. Amato S.F. Fitting C. Black K.M. Loiselle P.M. Pasternack M.S. Assessment of ability of murine and human anti-lipid A monoclonal antibodies to bind and neutralize lipopolysaccharide J Exp Med 177 1 1993 89 97 10.1084/jem.177.1.89 8418211 PMC2190862 · DOI
  40. [50]Pizza M. Bekkat-Berkani R. Rappuoli R. Vaccines against Meningococcal Diseases Microorganisms 8 10 2020 1521 10.3390/microorganisms8101521 33022961 PMC7601370 · DOI
  41. [51]Peltola H. Worldwide Haemophilus influenzae type B disease at the beginning of the 21st century: global analysis of the disease burden 25 years after the use of the polysaccharide vaccine and a decade after the advent of conjugates Clin Microbiol Rev 13 2 2000 302 317 10.1128/cmr.13.2.302-317.2000 10756001 PMC100154 · DOI
  42. [54]Rosendaal F.R. Review of: “Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial Gautret et al. 2010 Int J Antimicrob Agents 56 1 2020 106063 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106063 PMC7102549 32205204 · DOI
  43. [55]Machiels J.D. Bleeker-Rovers C.P. Ter Heine R. Rahamat-Langendoen J. de Mast Q. Ten Oever J. Reply to Gautret et al.: hydroxychloroquine sulfate and azithromycin for COVID-19: what is the evidence and what are the risks Int J Antimicrob Agents 56 1 2020 106056 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106056 PMC7357524 32674929 · DOI
  44. [56]Fiolet T. Guihur A. Rebeaud M.E. Mulot M. Peiffer-Smadja N. Mahamat-Saleh Y. Effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin on the mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis Clin Microbiol Infect 27 1 2021 19 27 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.022 32860962 PMC7449662 · DOI
  45. [57]Ebina-Shibuya R. Namkoong H. Horita N. Kato H. Hara Y. Kobayashi N. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for treatment of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials J Thorac Dis 13 1 2021 202 212 10.21037/jtd-20-2022 33569200 PMC7867802 · DOI
  46. [59]Hankin E.H. Remarks on Haffkine's method of protective inoculation against cholera Br Med J 2 1892 569 571 10.1136/bmj.2.1654.569 1654 PMC2421037 20753849 · DOI
  47. [61]Liu S. Lin H.M. Baine I. Wajnberg A. Gumprecht J.P. Rahman F. Convalescent plasma treatment of severe COVID-19: a propensity score-matched control study Nat Med 26 11 2020 1708 1713 10.1038/s41591-020-1088-9 32934372 · DOI
  48. [62]Libster R. Pérez Marc G. Wappner D. Coviello S. Bianchi A. Braem V. Early high-titer plasma therapy to prevent severe COVID-19 in older adults N Engl J Med 384 7 2021 610 618 10.1056/NEJMoa2033700 33406353 PMC7793608 · DOI
  49. [63]Agarwal A. Mukherjee A. Kumar G. Chatterjee P. Bhatnagar T. Malhotra P. Convalescent plasma in the management of moderate COVID-19 in adults in India: open label phase II multicentre randomised controlled trial (PLACID Trial) BMJ 371 2020 m3939 10.1136/bmj.m3939 33093056 PMC7578662 · DOI
  50. [64]Simonovich V.A. Burgos Pratx L.D. Scibona P. Beruto M.V. Vallone M.G. Vázquez C. A randomized trial of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 severe pneumonia N Engl J Med 384 7 2021 619 629 10.1056/NEJMoa2031304 33232588 PMC7722692 · DOI
  51. [65]Bastard P. Rosen L.B. Zhang Q. Michailidis E. Hoffmann H.H. Zhang Y. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19 Science 370 6515 2020 eabd4585 10.1126/science.abd4585 32972996 PMC7857397 · DOI · Paper page
  52. [66]Chen P. Nirula A. Heller B. Gottlieb R.L. Boscia J. Morris J. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody LY-CoV555 in outpatients with COVID-19 N Engl J Med 384 3 2021 229 237 10.1056/NEJMoa2029849 33113295 PMC7646625 · DOI · Paper page
  53. [67]Lundgren J.D. Grund B. Barkauskas C.E. Holland T.L. Gottlieb R.L. Sandkovsky U. A neutralizing monoclonal antibody for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 N Engl J Med 384 10 2021 905 914 10.1056/NEJMoa2033130 33356051 PMC7781100 · DOI
  54. [68]Montero-Escribano P. Matías-Guiu J. Gómez-Iglesias P. Porta-Etessam J. Pytel V. Matias-Guiu J.A. Anti-CD20 and COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis and related disorders: a case series of 60 patients from Madrid, Spain Mult Scler Relat Disord 42 2020 102185 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102185 PMC7204643 32408147 · DOI · Paper page
  55. [69]Yang Y. Yu X. Zhang F. Xia Y. Evaluation of the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin dosing on mortality in patients with sepsis: a network meta-analysis Clin Ther 41 9 2019 1823 1838 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.06.010 e4 31470986 · DOI
  56. [70]Cui J. Wei X. Lv H. Li Y. Li P. Chen Z. The clinical efficacy of intravenous IgM-enriched immunoglobulin (pentaglobin) in sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis Ann Intensive Care 9 1 2019 27 10.1186/s13613-019-0501-3 30725235 PMC6365591 · DOI · Paper page
  57. [71]Djoumerska-Alexieva I. Roumenina L. Pashov A. Dimitrov J. Hadzhieva M. Lindig S. Intravenous immunoglobulin with enhanced polyspecificity improves survival in experimental sepsis and aseptic systemic inflammatory response syndromes Mol Med 21 1 2016 1002 1010 10.2119/molmed.2014.00224 26701312 PMC4982479 · DOI
  58. [72]Iwasaki A. Yang Y. The potential danger of suboptimal antibody responses in COVID-19 Nat Rev Immunol 20 6 2020 339 341 10.1038/s41577-020-0321-6 32317716 PMC7187142 · DOI
  59. [73]Wang S.F. Tseng S.P. Yen C.H. Yang J.Y. Tsao C.H. Shen C.W. Antibody-dependent SARS coronavirus infection is mediated by antibodies against spike proteins Biochem Biophys Res Commun 451 2 2014 208 214 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.090 25073113 PMC7092860 · DOI
  60. [74]Lee W.S. Wheatley A.K. Kent S.J. DeKosky B.J. Antibody-dependent enhancement and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies Nat Microbiol 5 10 2020 1185 1191 10.1038/s41564-020-00789-5 32908214 PMC12103240 · DOI · Paper page
  61. [77]Grifoni A. Weiskopf D. Ramirez S.I. Mateus J. Dan J.M. Moderbacher C.R. Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals Cell 181 7 2020 1489 1501 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015 e15 32473127 PMC7237901 · DOI · Paper page
  62. [78]Le Bert N. Clapham H.E. Tan A.T. Chia W.N. Tham C. Lim J.M. Highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection J Exp Med 218 5 2021 e20202617 10.1084/jem.20202617 PMC7927662 33646265 · DOI · Paper page
  63. [81]Tseng C.T. Sbrana E. Iwata-Yoshikawa N. Newman P.C. Garron T. Atmar R.L. Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus PLoS ONE 7 4 2012 e35421 10.1371/journal.pone.0035421 22536382 PMC3335060 · DOI
  64. [83]van Riel D. de Wit E. Next-generation vaccine platforms for COVID-19 Nat Mater 19 8 2020 810 812 10.1038/s41563-020-0746-0 32704139 · DOI
  65. [84]Liu X. Liu C. Liu G. Luo W. Xia N. COVID-19: progress in diagnostics, therapy and vaccination Theranostics 10 17 2020 7821 7835 10.7150/thno.47987 32685022 PMC7359073 · DOI
  66. [85]Sahin U. Karikó K. Türeci Ö. mRNA-based therapeutics – Developing a new class of drugs Nat Rev Drug Discov 13 10 2014 759 780 10.1038/nrd4278 25233993 · DOI · Paper page
  67. [87]Karikó K. Buckstein M. Ni H. Weissman D. Suppression of RNA recognition by Toll-like receptors: the impact of nucleoside modification and the evolutionary origin of RNA Immunity 23 2 2005 165 175 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.06.008 16111635 · DOI · Paper page
  68. [90]Ni H. Capodici J. Cannon G. Communi D. Boeynaems J.M. Karikó K. Extracellular mRNA induces dendritic cell activation by stimulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion and signaling through a nucleotide receptor J Biol Chem 277 15 2002 12689 12696 10.1074/jbc.M110729200 11821398 · DOI
  69. [91]Laczkó D. Hogan M.J. Toulmin S.A. Hicks P. Lederer K. Gaudette B.T. A single immunization with nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines elicits strong cellular and humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice Immunity 53 4 2020 724 732 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.019 e7 32783919 PMC7392193 · DOI
  70. [92]Sahin U. Muik A. Derhovanessian E. Vogler I. Kranz L.M. Vormehr M. COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and T(H)1 T cell responses Nature 586 7830 2020 594 599 10.1038/s41586-020-2814-7 32998157 · DOI · Paper page
  71. [94]Corbett K.S. Edwards D.K. Leist S.R. Abiona O.M. Boyoglu-Barnum S. Gillespie R.A. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness Nature 586 7830 2020 567 571 10.1038/s41586-020-2622-0 32756549 PMC7581537 · DOI · Paper page
  72. [96]van Doremalen N. Lambe T. Spencer A. Belij-Rammerstorfer S. Purushotham J.N. Port J.R. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques Nature 586 7830 2020 578 582 10.1038/s41586-020-2608-y 32731258 PMC8436420 · DOI · Paper page
  73. [97]Folegatti P.M. Ewer K.J. Aley P.K. Angus B. Becker S. Belij-Rammerstorfer S. Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial Lancet 396 10249 2020 467 478 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31604-4 32702298 PMC7445431 · DOI · Paper page
  74. [98]Voysey M. Clemens S. Madhi S.A. Weckx L.Y. Folegatti P.M. Aley P.K. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK Lancet 397 10269 2021 99 111 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32661-1 33306989 PMC7723445 · DOI · Paper page
  75. [99]Mercado N.B. Zahn R. Wegmann F. Loos C. Chandrashekar A. Yu J. Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques Nature 586 7830 2020 583 588 10.1038/s41586-020-2607-z 32731257 PMC7581548 · DOI · Paper page
  76. [100]Sadoff J. Le Gars M. Shukarev G. Heerwegh D. Truyers C. de Groot A.M. Interim results of a phase 1-2a trial of Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine N Engl J Med 2021 10.1056/NEJMoa2034201 PMC7821985 33440088 · DOI · Paper page
  77. [101]Logunov D.Y. Dolzhikova I.V. Shcheblyakov D.V. Tukhvatulin A.I. Zubkova O.V. Dzharullaeva A.S. Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia Lancet 397 10275 2021 671 681 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00234-8 33545094 PMC7852454 · DOI · Paper page
  78. [102]Zhu F.C. Guan X.H. Li Y.H. Huang J.Y. Jiang T. Hou L.H. Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial Lancet 396 10249 2020 47988 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31605-6 PMC7836858 32702299 · DOI · Paper page
  79. [103]Xia S. Zhang Y. Wang Y. Wang H. Yang Y. Gao G.F. Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial Lancet Infect Dis 21 1 2021 39 51 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30831-8 33069281 PMC7561304 · DOI
  80. [104]Yang J. Wang W. Chen Z. Lu S. Yang F. Bi Z. A vaccine targeting the RBD of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces protective immunity Nature 586 7830 2020 572 577 10.1038/s41586-020-2599-8 32726802 · DOI
  81. [105]Hörner C. Schürmann C. Auste A. Ebenig A. Muraleedharan S. Dinnon K.H. 3rd A highly immunogenic and effective measles virus-based Th1-biased COVID-19 vaccine Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117 51 2020 32657 32666 10.1073/pnas.2014468117 33257540 PMC7768780 · DOI
  82. [106]Sterlin D. Mathian A. Miyara M. Mohr A. Anna F. Claër L. IgA dominates the early neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 Sci Transl Med 13 577 2021 eabd2223 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd2223 33288662 PMC7857408 · DOI · Paper page
  83. [107]Ku M.W. Bourgine M. Authié P. Lopez J. Nemirov K. Moncoq F. Intranasal vaccination with a lentiviral vector protects against SARS-CoV-2 in preclinical animal models Cell Host Microbe 29 2 2021 236 249 10.1016/j.chom.2020.12.010 e6 33357418 PMC7738935 · DOI · Paper page
  84. [108]Klinger D. Blass I. Rappoport N. Linial M. Significantly improved COVID-19 outcomes in countries with higher BCG vaccination coverage: a multivariable analysis Vaccines (Basel) 8 3 2020 378 10.3390/vaccines8030378 32664505 PMC7563451 · DOI
  85. [110]de Chaisemartin C. de Chaisemartin L. BCG vaccination in infancy does not protect against COVID-19. Evidence from a natural experiment in Sweden Clin Infect Dis 2020 10.1093/cid/ciaa1223 PMC7499491 32829400 · DOI · Paper page
  86. [111]Hensel J. McAndrews K.M. McGrail D.J. Dowlatshahi D.P. LeBleu V.S. Kalluri R. Protection against SARS-CoV-2 by BCG vaccination is not supported by epidemiological analyses Sci Rep 10 1 2020 18377 10.1038/s41598-020-75491-x 33110184 PMC7591473 · DOI
  87. [112]Szigeti R. Kellermayer D. Trakimas G. Kellermayer R. BCG epidemiology supports its protection against COVID-19? A word of caution PLoS ONE 15 10 2020 e0240203 10.1371/journal.pone.0240203 PMC7540851 33027297 · DOI
  88. [114]Cheng V.C. Wong S.C. Chuang V.W. So S.Y. Chen J.H. Sridhar S. The role of community-wide wearing of face mask for control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic due to SARS-CoV-2 J Infect 81 1 2020 107 114 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.024 32335167 PMC7177146 · DOI
  89. [115]DeFrancesco L. Whither COVID-19 vaccines Nat Biotechnol 38 10 2020 1132 1145 10.1038/s41587-020-0697-7 32989315 PMC7520880 · DOI
  90. [117]Winkler Martin S Skirecki Tomasz Brunkhorst Frank M Cajander Sara Cavaillon Jean-Marc Ferrer Ricard Bridging animal and clinical research during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A new-old challenge EBioMedicine 66 2021 103291 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103291 33813139 PMC8016444 · DOI
  91. [118]RECOVERY Collaborative Group Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial The Lancet 2021 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00897-7 In press PMC8121538 34000257 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Cavaillon, J.-M., & Osuchowski, M. F.
Affiliations
  • Agence Nationale de la Recherche (FR)
  • Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA (AT)
Corresponding author
Cavaillon, Jean-Marc
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Intensive Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-07
Volume
1
Issue
1
Pages
4-13
ISSN
  • 2097-0250 (ISSN-L)
  • 2667-100X
DOI
10.1016/j.jointm.2021.04.003
PMC
PMC8130518
OpenAlex
W3162765784
Cited by
17
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 1
FWCI
0.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Intensive Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords
COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, history of pandemics, sepsis, viral sepsis, puerperal fever, vaccine development, smallpox eradication, plague vaccine, cholera vaccine, mRNA vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccine, zoonotic coronaviruses

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review