An overview of general features of risk assessments of genetically modified crops
Abstract
The intentional introduction into the environment or market of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is nearly always governed by a framework of science-based risk assessment and risk management measures. This is usually implemented through the integration of hazard identification and characterisation of all of the elements of risk associated with a new GM crop or derived product. Typical categories of hazards arising from the introduction of transgenic crops include: possible unintended negative health effects in a susceptible subgroup of the consumer (target) population; the evolution of resistance in the targeted pest/pathogen populations when the transgene confers resistance to a pest or pathogen; non-target hazards associated directly or indirectly with the transgenic plant or transgene product outside the plant; and those associated with the integration and subsequent expression of the transgene in a different organism or species following gene flow. The consequences of likely exposure to these and other hazards are considered in this introduction to the main issues raised when evaluating the possible risks arising from the importation or cultivation of genetically modified crops.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
All commercially cultivated Bt maize transformation events have gone through regulatory environmental risk assessments that concluded no unacceptable risks for non-target organisms and biodiversity.
“The Bt maize transformation events that have been cultivated commercially worldwide have all gone through regulatory environmental risk assessments that concluded that no unacceptable risks for non-target organisms and biodiversity exist [2, 73, 74].”
From Does the growing of Bt maize change abundance or ecological function of non-target animals compared to the growing of non-GM maize? A systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [73]
Cites
Trumbo (2001) · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00078-5 · Cited by 4,852 · see citing works
Kay, H. (1980) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.33.6.608-c · Cited by 3,813 · see citing works
Transgenic pollen harms monarch larvae
Losey, J. E., Rayor, L. S., & Carter, M. E. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/20338 · Cited by 1,182 · see citing works
Gene Flow and Introgression from Domesticated Plants into their Wild Relatives
Ellstrand, N. C., Prentice, H. C., & Hancock, J. F. (1999) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.539 · Cited by 1,059 · see citing works
The release of genetically modified crops into the environment
Conner, A. J., Glare, T. R., & Nap, J. (2003) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.0960-7412.2002.001607.x · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Overexpression of the Bt cry2Aa2 operon in chloroplasts leads to formation of insecticidal crystals
Cosa, B. D., Moar, W. J., Lee, S.-B., Miller, M., & Daniell, H. (2001) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/83559 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
Assessment of the food safety issues related to genetically modified foods
Kuiper, H. A., Kleter, G. A., Noteborn, H. P. J. M., & Kok, E. J. (2001) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01119.x · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Selectable marker genes in transgenic plants: applications, alternatives and biosafety
Miki, B. L. A., & McHugh, S. G. (2004) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2003.10.011 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Impact of Bt corn pollen on monarch butterfly populations: A risk assessment
Sears, M. K., Hellmich, R. L., Stanley-Horn, D. E., Oberhauser, K. S., Pleasants, J. M., Mattila, H. R., Siegfried, B. D., & Dively, G. P. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.211329998 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Farmland Biodiversity and the Footprint of Agriculture
Butler, S. J., Vickery, J. A., & Norris, K. J. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1136607 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Bt Cotton and Maize on Nontarget Invertebrates
Marvier, M., McCreedy, C., Regetz, J., & Kareiva, P. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1139208 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Potential for the environmental impact of transgenic crops
Dale, P. J., Clarke, B. R., & Fontes, E. M. G. (2002) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0602-567 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Unintended effects and their detection in genetically modified crops
Cellini, F., Chesson, A., Colquhoun, I., Constable, A., Davies, H. V., Engel, K. H., Gatehouse, A. M. R., Kärenlampi, S., Kok, E. J., Leguay, J.-J., et al. (2004) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2004.02.003 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Managing the Evolution of Insect Resistance to Transgenic Plants
Alstad, D. N., & Andow, D. A. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.268.5219.1894 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Gene Flow from Cultivated Rice (Oryza sativa) to its Weedy and Wild Relatives
Chen, L. J. (2003) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/aob/mch006 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Assessment of the safety of foods derived from genetically modified (GM) crops
König, A., Cockburn, A., Crevel, R., Debruyne, E., Grafstroem, R., Hammerling, U., Kimber, I., Knudsen, I., Kuiper, H. A., Peijnenburg, A., et al. (2004) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2004.02.019 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CURRENT STATUS AND RECOMMENDATIONS1
Snow, A. A., Andow, D. A., Gepts, P., Hallerman, E. M., Power, A. G., Tiedje, J. M., & Wolfenbarger, L. L. (2005) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/04-0539 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Assessing environmental risks of transgenic plants
Andow, D. A., & Zwahlen, C. (2006) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00846.x · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Current knowledge of gene flow in plants: implications for transgene flow
Ellstrand, N. C. (2003) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1299 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Warwick, S. I., Légère, A., Simard, M., & James, T. (2007) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03567.x · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Hall, L. M., Topinka, K. C., Huffman, J. W., Davis, L., & Good, A. G. (2000) · Weed Science · doi:10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0688:pfbhrb]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Monarch larvae sensitivity to Bacillus thuringiensis - purified proteins and pollen
Hellmich, R. L., Siegfried, B. D., Sears, M. K., Stanley-Horn, D. E., Daniels, M. J., Mattila, H. R., Spencer, T., Bidne, K. G., & Lewis, L. C. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.211297698 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Transgenic crops in natural habitats
Crawley, M. J., Brown, S. L., Hails, R. S., Kohn, D. D., & Rees, M. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35055621 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Gene Flow from Genetically Modified Rice and Its Environmental Consequences
Lu, B., & Snow, A. A. (2005) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0669:gffgmr]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Temporal and spatial overlap between monarch larvae and corn pollen
Oberhauser, K. S., Prysby, M., Mattila, H. R., Stanley-Horn, D. E., Sears, M. K., Dively, G. P., Olson, E. R., Pleasants, J. M., Lam, W.-K. F., & Hellmich, R. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.211234298 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Breakthrough in chloroplast genetic engineering of agronomically important crops
Daniell, H., Kumar, S. B., & Dufourmantel, N. (2005) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2005.03.008 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants
Downey, R. K. (2003) · Crop Science · doi:10.2135/cropsci2003.4470 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Corn pollen deposition on milkweeds in and near cornfields
Pleasants, J. M., Hellmich, R. L., Dively, G. P., Sears, M. K., Stanley-Horn, D. E., Mattila, H. R., Foster, J. E., Clark, P., & Jones, G. D. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.211287498 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Impact of Genetically Modified Crops on Soil‐ and Plant‐Associated Microbial Communities
Dunfield, K. E., & Germida, J. J. (2004) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2004.0806 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Assessing the impact of Cry1Ab-expressing corn pollen on monarch butterfly larvae in field studies
Stanley-Horn, D. E., Dively, G. P., Hellmich, R. L., Mattila, H. R., Sears, M. K., Rose, R., Jesse, L. C. H., Losey, J. E., Obrycki, J. J., & Lewis, L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.211277798 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Hérouet-Guicheney, C., Esdaile, D. J., Mallyon, B. A., Debruyne, E., Schulz, A., Currier, T. C., Hendrickx, K., van der Klis, R.-J., & Rouan, D. (2005) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.11.002 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Assessing the survival of transgenic plant DNA in the human gastrointestinal tract
Netherwood, T., Martín-Orúe, S. M., O’Donnell, A. G., Gockling, S., Graham, J. B., Mathers, J. C., & Gilbert, H. J. (2004) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt934 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Safety considerations of DNA in food
Jonas, D. A., Elmadfa, I., Engel, K.-H., Heller, K. J., Kozianowski, G., König, A., Müller, D., Narbonne, J. F., Wackernagel, W., & Kleiner, J. (2001) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000046734 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Horizontal gene transfer as a biosafety issue: A natural phenomenon of public concern
Dröge, M., Pühler, A., & Selbitschka, W. (1998) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0168-1656(98)00105-9 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Gene flow from cultivated rice to the wild speciesOryza rufipogonunder experimental field conditions
Song, Z., Lu, B., Zhu, Y. G., & Chen, J. K. (2003) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00699.x · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Hybridization Between Brassica napus and B. rapa on a National Scale in the United Kingdom
Wilkinson, M. J., Elliott, L. J., Allainguillaume, J., Shaw, M. W., Norris, C. E., Welters, R., Alexander, M., Sweet, J., & Mason, D. C. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1088200 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Comparative safety assessment for biotech crops
Kok, E. J., & Kuiper, H. A. (2003) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2003.08.003 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Fitt, G. P., Mares, C. L., & Llewellyn, D. J. (1994) · Biocontrol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/09583159409355367 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Zangerl, A. R., McKenna, D. D., Wraight, C. L., Carroll, M. J., Ficarello, P., Warner, R., & Berenbaum, M. R. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.171315698 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Sanvido, O., Romeis, J., & Bigler, F. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/10_2007_048 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
The mutational consequences of plant transformation
Latham, J. R., Wilson, A. K., & Steinbrecher, R. A. (2006) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/jbb/2006/25376 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Pollen competition between cultivated and wild rice species (Oryza sativaandO. rufipogon)
Song, Z., Lu, B., Zhu, Y., & Chen, J. (2002) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1046/j.0028-646x.2001.00319.x · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Genetic diversity in the northernmost Oryza rufipogon populations estimated by SSR markers
Song, Z. P., Xu, X. C., Wang, B., Chen, J. K., & Lu, B. ‐. (2003) · Theoretical and Applied Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00122-003-1380-3 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
New case studies on the coexistence of GM and non-GM crops in European agriculture
Messéan, A., Angevin, F., Gómez‐Barbero, M., Menrad, K., & Rodríguez‐Cerezo, E. (2006) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Andersson, C., Bartsch, D. K., Buhk, H.-J., Davies, H. V., Loose, M. D., Gasson, M. J., Hendriksen, N. B., Hill, C., Kärenlampi, S. O., Kryspin-Sørensen, I., et al. (2004) · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Ramessar, K., Peremartí, A., Gómez‐Galera, S., Naqvi, S., Moralejo, M., Muñoz, P., Capell, T., & Christou, P. (2007) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1007/s11248-007-9083-1 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods. Approaches to Assessing Unintended Health Effects
Skovgaard, N. (2005) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.01.004 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Nielsen, K. M., van Elsas, J. D., & Smalla, K. (2000) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.66.3.1237-1242.2000 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
den Eede, G. V., Aarts, H. J. M., Buhk, H.-J., Corthier, G., Flint, H. J., Hammes, W. P., Jacobsen, B., Midtvedt, T., van der Vossen, J., von Wright, A., et al. (2004) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2004.02.001 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Risk assessment of GM plants: avoiding gridlock?
Wilkinson, M. J., Sweet, J., & Poppy, G. M. (2003) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/s1360-1385(03)00057-8 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Quantification of transgenic plant marker gene persistence in the field
Widmer, F., Seidler, R. J., Donegan, K. K., & Reed, G. L. (1997) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1997.00145.x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Stress and domestication traits increase the relative fitness of crop–wild hybrids in sunflower
Mercer, K. L., Andow, D. A., Wyse, D. L., & Shaw, R. G. (2007) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01029.x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
How does scientific risk assessment of GM crops fit within the wider risk analysis?
JOHNSON, K., Raybould, A. F., HUDSON, M., & Poppy, G. M. (2006) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2006.11.004 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Why Is Golden Rice Golden (Yellow) Instead of Red?
Schaub, P., Al‐Babili, S., Drake, R., & Beyer, P. (2005) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.104.057927 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Monitoring and management strategy for Helicoverpa armigera resistance to Bt cotton in China
Wu, K. (2007) · Journal of Invertebrate Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.jip.2007.03.012 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Faria, C. A., WÄCKERS, F. L., Pritchard, J., Barrett, D. A., & Turlings, T. C. J. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000600 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Wilkinson, M. J., Davenport, I. J., Charters, Y. M., Jones, A. M. E., Allainguillaume, J., Butler, H. T., Mason, D. C., & Raybould, A. F. (2000) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00986.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Rodrigo-Simón, A., de Maagd, R. A., Avilla, C., Bakker, P. L., Molthoff, J. W., González-Zamora, J. E., & Ferré, J. (2006) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.72.2.1595-1603.2006 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Monitoring the escape of transgenic oilseed rape around Japanese ports and roadsides
Saji, H., Nakajima, N., Aono, M., Tamaoki, M., Kubo, A., Wakiyama, S., Hatase, Y., & Nagatsu, M. (2005) · Environmental Biosafety Research · doi:10.1051/ebr:2006003 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Torres, J. B., & Ruberson, J. R. (2007) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1007/s11248-007-9109-8 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Flachowsky, G., Aulrich, K., Böhme, H., & Halle, I. (2006) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.08.002 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Adamczyk, J. J., & Sumerford, D. V. (2001) · Journal of Insect Science · doi:10.1673/031.001.1301 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Goldstein, D. A., Tinland, B., Gilbertson, L. A., Staub, J. M., Bannon, G. A., Goodman, R. E., McCoy, R. L., & Silvanovich, A. (2005) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02595.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Unintended effects in genetically modified crops: revealed by metabolomics?
Rischer, H., & Oksman‐Caldentey, K. (2006) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.01.009 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Bennett, P. M. (2004) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkh087 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The Value of Short Amino Acid Sequence Matches for Prediction of Protein Allergenicity
Silvanovich, A., Nemeth, M. A., Song, P., Herman, R. A., Tagliani, L. A., & Bannon, G. A. (2005) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfj068 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
de Vries, J., Heine, M., Harms, K., & Wackernagel, W. (2003) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.69.8.4455-4462.2003 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Viitanen, P. V., Devine, A. L., Khan, M. S., Deuel, D. L., Dyk, D. E. V., & Daniell, H. (2004) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.104.050054 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Hill, R. A., & Sendashonga, C. (2003) · Environmental Biosafety Research · doi:10.1051/ebr:2003004 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Transgenic Plants and Biosafety: Science, Misconceptions and Public Perceptions
Stewart, C. N., Richards, H. A., & Halfhill, M. D. (2000) · BioTechniques · doi:10.2144/00294bi01 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Clinical and laboratory investigation of allergy to genetically modified foods.
Bernstein, J. A., Bernstein, I. L., Bucchini, L., Goldman, L. R., Hamilton, R. G., Lehrer, S. B., Rubin, C., & Sampson, H. A. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.5811 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Monitoring the presence and expression of transgenes in living plants
Stewart, C. N. (2005) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2005.06.003 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Codex guidelines for GM foods include the analysis of unintended effects
Haslberger, A. G. (2003) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0703-739 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Pollen flow of cultivated rice measured under experimental conditions
Song, Z., Lu, B., & Chen, J. (2003) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1023/b:bioc.0000009491.24573.1d · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Alexander, T. W., Reuter, T., Aulrich, K., Sharma, R., Okine, E. K., Dixon, W. T., & McAllister, T. A. (2006) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.08.003 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Chassy, B. M., Hlywka, J. J., Kleter, G. A., Kok, E. J., Kuiper, H. A., McGloughlin, M. N., Munro, I. C., Phipps, R. H., Reid, J. E., Stein, J., et al. (2008) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2007.00029_1.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Genetically modified plants for food use and human health - an update
Smith, J. W., Brunner, E. J., Fearon, D., Holmes, E. A., Jackson, A. L., Leaver, C. J., Meade, T. L., Mills, E. N. C., Sherratt, D., Walker, D. J., et al. (2002) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Are GM and conventionally bred cereals really different?
Shewry, P. R., Baudo, M., Lovegrove, A., Powers, S. J., Napier, J. A., Ward, J. L., Baker, J. M., & Beale, M. H. (2007) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2006.12.010 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Foreign DNA in mammalian systems
Doerfler, W., Schubbert, R., Heller, H., Hertz, J., Remus, R., Schröer, J., Kämmer, C., Hilger-Eversheim, K., GERHARDT, U., Schmitz, B., et al. (1998) · Apmis · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0463.1998.tb05650.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Bitrophic and tritrophic effects of Bt Cry3A transgenic potato on beneficial, non-target, beetles
Ferry, N., Mulligan, E. A., Majerus, M. E. N., & Gatehouse, A. M. R. (2007) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1007/s11248-007-9088-9 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Transgenic Crops: An Environmental Assessment
Ervin, D. E., Batie, S. S., Welsh, R., Carpentier, C. L., Fern, J. I., Richman, N. J., & Schulz, M. A. (2000) · PDXScholar (Portland State University) · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Genetically modified sunflower release: Opportunities and risks
Cantamutto, M., & Poverene, M. (2006) · Field Crops Research · doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2006.11.007 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Genetically Modified Crops and the Environment
Barton, J. E., & Dracup, M. (2000) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj2000.924797x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Exploring the Plant Transcriptome through Phylogenetic Profiling
Vandepoele, K., & de Peer, Y. V. (2005) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.104.054700 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Can transgenic rice cause ecological risks through transgene escape?*
Lu, B., Song, Z., & Chen, J. (2003) · Progress in Natural Science Materials International · doi:10.1080/10020070312331343070 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Raybould, A. F., & Cooper, I. (2005) · Environmental Biosafety Research · doi:10.1051/ebr:2005018 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Foreign DNA in Mammalian Systems
Doerfler, W. (1999) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527613465 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Making 'safety first' a reality for biotechnology products
Kapuscinski, A. R. D., Goodman, R. M., Hann, S. D., Jacobs, L. R., Pullins, E. E., Johnson, C. S., Kinsey, J. D., Krall, R. L., Viña, A. G. L., Mellon, M., et al. (2003) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0603-599 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Prescott, V., & Hogan, S. P. (2005) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.10.005 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Rong, J., Xia, H., Zhu, Y., Wang, Y., & Lu, B. (2004) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01100.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Mitigation of indirect environmental effects of GM crops
Pidgeon, J. D., May, M. J., PERRY, J. N., & Poppy, G. M. (2007) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0401 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Kleter, G. A., Peijnenburg, A., & Aarts, H. J. M. (2005) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/jbb.2005.326 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Food and Agricultural Biotechnology Policy: How Much Autonomy Can Developing Countries Exercise?
Millstone, E. P., & van Zwanenberg, P. (2003) · Development Policy Review · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8659.2003.00230.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
A global approach to resistance monitoring
Sivasupramaniam, S., Head, G., English, L. H., Li, Y. J., & Vaughn, T. T. (2007) · Journal of Invertebrate Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.jip.2007.03.013 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Nordgård, L., Nguyen, T., Midtvedt, T., Benno, Y., Traavik, T., & Nielsen, K. M. (2007) · Environmental Biosafety Research · doi:10.1051/ebr:2007029 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Food Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Crops
Kaeppler, H. F. (2000) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj2000.924793x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Reassessing the environmental risks of GM crops
Firbank, L. G., Lonsdale, M., & Poppy, G. M. (2005) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1205-1475 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Smalla, K., Borin, S., Heuer, H., Gebhard, F., van Elsas, J. D., & Nielsen, K. M. (2000) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Heinemann, J. A. (2007) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Relative stability of transgene DNA fragments from GM rapeseed in mixed ruminal cultures
Sharma, R., Alexander, T. W., John, S. J., Forster, R. J., & McAllister, T. A. (2004) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20041100 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Editorial. Transgene containment by molecular means - is it possible and cost effective?
Lu, B. (2003) · Environmental Biosafety Research · doi:10.1051/ebr/2003000 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
OECD (2007) · OECD Papers · doi:10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art35-en · Cited by 24 · see citing works
(EFSA), E. F. S. A. (2006) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2006.319 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Brinkmann, N., & Tebbe, C. C. (2007) · Environmental Biosafety Research · doi:10.1051/ebr:2007028 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Survey raises concerns about Bt resistance management
Dove, A. (2001) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/86623 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Causes and consequences of international trade conflict over agricultural biotechnology
Bernauer, T. (2005) · International Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1504/ijbt.2005.006442 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Arpaia, S., Leo, G. M. D., Fiore, M. C., Schmidt, J. E. U., & Scardi, M. (2007) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1603/0046-225x(2007)36[213:coasai]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Assessment of allergenic potential of genetically modified foods: an agenda for future research.
Selgrade, M. K., Kimber, I., Goldman, L. R., & Germolec, D. R. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.5815 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Petersen, W., Umbeck, P. F., Hokanson, K. E., & Halsey, M. E. (2005) · Environmental Biosafety Research · doi:10.1051/ebr:2005016 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Assessing the potential for ecological harm from gene flow to crop wild relatives.
Wilkinson, M. J., & Ford, C. S. (2007) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781845930998.0287 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Experience with environmental issues in GM crop production and the likely future scenarios
Gaugitsch, H. (2002) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00519-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The effects of GMHT crops on bird abundance in arable fields in the UK
Chamberlain, D., Freeman, S. N., & Vickery, J. A. (2006) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.012 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Spök, A., Hofer, H., Lehner, P., Valenta, R., Stirn, S., & Gaugitsch, H. (2004) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ray, J. L., Andersen, H. K., Young, S., Nielsen, K. M., & O’Callaghan, M. (2007) · Environmental Biosafety Research · doi:10.1051/ebr:2007032 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 116 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bacillus thuringiensis: a successful insecticide with new environmental features and tidings
Jouzani, G. S., Valijanian, E., & Sharafi, R. (2017) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-017-8175-y · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Hartung, F., & Schiemann, J. (2014) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/tpj.12413 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Genetically engineered crops help support conservation biological control
Romeis, J., Naranjo, S. E., Meissle, M., & Shelton, A. M. (2019) · Biological Control · doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.10.001 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
“Worldwide, GE plants are subject to an environmental risk assessment (ERA) before being released for cultivation (Craig et al., 2008).”
BackgroundVeresoglou, S. D., Halley, J. M., & Rillig, M. C. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms9862 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Rethinking biorational insecticides for pest management: unintended effects and consequences
Haddi, K., Turchen, L. M., Jumbo, L. O. V., Guedes, R. N. C., Pereira, E. J. G., Aguiar, R. W. D. S., & de Oliveira, E. E. (2020) · Pest Management Science · doi:10.1002/ps.5837 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Genetically Engineered Crops: From Idea to Product
Prado, J. R., Segers, G. C., Voelker, T. A., Carson, D., Dobert, R. C., Phillips, J., Cook, K. A., Cornejo, C., Monken, J., Grapes, L., et al. (2014) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-040039 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Onyeaka, H. N., Ghosh, S. B., Obileke, K. C., Miri, T., Odeyemi, O. A., Nwaiwu, O., & Tamasiga, P. (2023) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.110040 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Risks and Precautions of Genetically Modified Organisms
Prakash, D., Verma, S., Bhatia, R., & Tiwary, B. N. (2011) · ISRN Ecology · doi:10.5402/2011/369573 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Genetic basis and detection of unintended effects in genetically modified crop plants
Ladics, G. S., Bartholomaeus, A., Bregitzer, P., Doerrer, N. G., Gray, A. J., Holzhauser, T., Jordan, M. C., Keese, P. K., Kok, E. J., Macdonald, P., et al. (2015) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1007/s11248-015-9867-7 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Crop improvement using small RNAs: applications and predictive ecological risk assessments
Auer, C. A., & Frederick, R. (2009) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.08.005 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Romeis, J., Raybould, A. F., Bigler, F., Candolfi, M. P., Hellmich, R. L., Huesing, J. E., & Shelton, A. M. (2012) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.035 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
MS‐based analytical methodologies to characterize genetically modified crops
García‐Cañas, V., Simó, C., León, C., Ibáñez, E., & Cifuentes, A. (2010) · Mass Spectrometry Reviews · doi:10.1002/mas.20286 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Status of research, regulations and challenges for genetically modified crops in India
Shukla, M., Al-Busaidi, K. T. S., Trivedi, M., & Tiwari, R. (2018) · GM crops & food · doi:10.1080/21645698.2018.1529518 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Häggman, H., Raybould, A. F., Borém, A., Fox, T. R., Handley, L. W., Hertzberg, M., Lu, M., Macdonald, P., Oguchi, T., Pasquali, G., et al. (2013) · Plant Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1111/pbi.12100 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Benefits and risks associated with genetically modified food products.
Kramkowska, M., Grzelak, T., & Czyżewska, K. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Caradus, J. R. (2022) · New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.1080/00288233.2022.2141273 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Raybould, A., Kilby, P., & Graser, G. (2012) · Transgenic research · doi:10.1007/s11248-012-9658-3 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Tian, J. C., Liu, Z. C., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Chen, X. X., Peng, Y., Hu, C., & Ye, G. Y. (2010) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1603/en10003 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Sufyan, M., Daraz, U., Hyder, S., Zulfiqar, U., Iqbal, R., Eldin, S. M., Rafiq, F., Mahmood, N., Shahzad, K., Uzair, M., et al. (2023) · Functional & Integrative Genomics · doi:10.1007/s10142-023-01036-w · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Processes for regulating genetically modified and gene edited plants
Caradus, J. R. (2023) · GM crops & food · doi:10.1080/21645698.2023.2252947 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Transgenic Cry1Ab Rice Does Not Impact Ecological Fitness and Predation of a Generalist Spider
Tian, J., Chen, Y., Li, Z., Li, K., Chen, M., Peng, Y., Hu, C., Shelton, A. M., & Yè, G. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035164 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Raybould, A. F. (2010) · Environmental Biosafety Research · doi:10.1051/ebr/2011101 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Chan, Z., Bigelow, P. J., Loescher, W. H., & Grumet, R. (2011) · Plant Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00661.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Fladung, M., Schenk, T. M. H., Polak, O., & Becker, D. (2009) · Tree Genetics & Genomes · doi:10.1007/s11295-009-0241-x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Towards a more open debate about values in decision-making on agricultural biotechnology
Devos, Y., Sanvido, O., Tait, J., & Raybould, A. F. (2013) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1007/s11248-013-9754-z · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Risk Assessment and Regulation of Molecular Farming - A Comparison between Europe and US
Sparrow, P., Broer, I., Hood, E. E., Eversole, K., Hartung, F., & Schiemann, J. (2013) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612811319310007 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Meissle, M., Naranjo, S. E., & Romeis, J. (2022) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-022-00272-0 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“The Bt maize transformation events that have been cultivated commercially worldwide have all gone through regulatory environmental risk assessments that concluded that no unacceptable risks for non-target organisms and biodiversity exist [2, 73, 74].”
Commercializing genetically modified crops under EU regulations
Raybould, A. F., & Poppy, G. M. (2012) · GM crops & food · doi:10.4161/gmcr.18961 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Raybould, A. F. (2010) · GM Crops · doi:10.4161/gmcr.1.1.9776 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Biosafety considerations of RNAi-mediated virus resistance in fruit-tree cultivars and in rootstock
Lemgo, G., Sabbadini, S., Pandolfini, T., & Mezzetti, B. (2013) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1007/s11248-013-9728-1 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Romeis, J., Lawo, N. C., & Raybould, A. F. (2009) · Journal of Applied Entomology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01423.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Transgenic maize event TC1507: Global status of food, feed, and environmental safety
Baktavachalam, G. B., Delaney, B., Fisher, T. L., Ladics, G. S., Layton, R. J., Locke, M., Schmidt, J., Anderson, J. A. H., Weber, N. N., Herman, R. A., et al. (2015) · GM crops & food · doi:10.1080/21645698.2015.1054093 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Kumar, S., & Sindhu, S. S. (2024) · Current Research in Microbial Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100285 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Current trends in Bt crops and their fate on associated microbial community dynamics: a review
Singh, A. K., & Dubey, S. K. (2015) · PROTOPLASMA · doi:10.1007/s00709-015-0903-5 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Hofmann, F., Epp, R., Kruse, L., Kalchschmied, A., Maisch, B., Müller, E., Kühn, U., Kratz, W., Ober, S., Radtke, J., et al. (2010) · Environmental Sciences Europe · doi:10.1007/s12302-010-0133-6 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
PMI (manA) as a nonantibiotic selectable marker gene in plant biotechnology
Stoykova, P., & Stoeva-Popova, P. (2010) · Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) · doi:10.1007/s11240-010-9858-6 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Advancing environmental risk assessment for transgenic biofeedstock crops
Wolt, J. D. (2009) · Biotechnology for Biofuels · doi:10.1186/1754-6834-2-27 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Assessing Utilization and Environmental Risks of Important Genes in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Khan, M. S., Khan, M. A., & Ahmad, D. (2016) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00792 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Environmental risk assessments for transgenic crops producing output trait enzymes
Raybould, A. F., Tuttle, A., Shore, S. K., & Stone, T. B. (2009) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1007/s11248-009-9343-3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Devos, Y., Ortiz‐García, S., Hokanson, K. E., & Raybould, A. F. (2018) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2018.02.032 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Integrated management of insect pests
Kogan, M., & Higley, L. G. (2019) · doi:10.1201/9780429275395 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Dana, G. V., Kapuscinski, A. R. D., & Donaldson, J. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.12.021 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A semi-quantitative approach to GMO risk-benefit analysis
Morris, E. J. (2010) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1007/s11248-010-9480-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Biofortified sorghum in Africa: using problem formulation to inform risk assessment
Hokanson, K. E., Ellstrand, N. C., Ouedraogo, J. T., Olweny, P. A., Schaal, B. A., & Raybould, A. F. (2010) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0910-900 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Roberts, M., Minott, D. A., Tennant, P., & Jackson, J. C. (2008) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.3295 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Gao, M.-Q., ShouPeng, H., Pu, D.-Q., Shi, M., Yè, G., & Chen, X. (2010) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1603/en10035 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Do genetically modified crops affect animal reproduction? A review of the ongoing debate
Zhang, W., & Shi, F. (2011) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731110002776 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sustainability: a biological perspective
(2011) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.48-5071 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Persistence of sunflower crop traits and fitness in Helianthus petiolaris populations
Gutierrez, A. V., Cantamutto, M., & Poverene, M. (2011) · Plant Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00433.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Does Cry1Ac Bt-toxin impair development of worker larvae of Africanized honey bee?
Lima, M. A. P., Pires, C. S. S., Guedes, R. N. C., Nakasu, E. Y. T., Lara, M., Fontes, E. M. G., SUJII, E. R., Dias, S. C., & Campos, L. A. O. (2010) · Journal of Applied Entomology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01573.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Digilio, M. C., Sasso, R., Leo, M. G. D., Iodice, L., Monti, M. M., Santeramo, R., Arpaia, S., & Guerrieri, E. (2011) · Journal of Plant Interactions · doi:10.1080/17429145.2011.632695 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Hokanson, K. E., Ellstrand, N. C., Dixon, A. G. O., Kulembeka, H., Olsen, K. M., & Raybould, A. F. (2015) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1007/s11248-015-9923-3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Regulation of Genome Editing in Plant Biotechnology: European Union
Voigt, B., & Münichsdorfer, A. (2019) · Regulation of Genome Editing in Plant Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17119-3_5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ahrens, C. W., Ecker, G., & Auer, C. A. (2011) · Plant Ecology · doi:10.1007/s11258-011-9936-9 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Transgenic Crops, Risk Assessment and Regulatory Framework in the European Union
Devos, Y., Craig, W., & Schiemann, J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_167 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationDana, G. V., Cooper, A. M., Pennington, K. M., & Sharpe, L. (2013) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-012-0391-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Powell, M., Wheatley, A. O., Omoruyi, F. O., Asemota, H. N., Williams, N. P., & Tennant, P. (2008) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.3383 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Genome editing for improvement of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in cereals
Inam, S., Muhammad, A., Irum, S., Rehman, N., Riaz, A., Uzair, M., & Khan, M. R. (2024) · Functional Plant Biology · doi:10.1071/fp24092 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Risk assessment strategies for transgenic plants
Talas-Oğraş, T. (2010) · Acta Physiologiae Plantarum · doi:10.1007/s11738-010-0624-5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
CRISPR/Cas9 opens new horizon of crop improvement under stress condition
Patra, S., Chatterjee, D., Basak, S., Sen, S., & Mandal, A. (2024) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130685 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
USDA-ARS, U., Naranjo, S. E., Hellmich, R. L., USDA-ARS, U., Romeis, J., Agroscope, S., Shelton, A. M., & Vélez, A. M. (2019) · Burleigh Dodds series in agricultural science · doi:10.19103/as.2019.0047.10 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ecker, G., Zalapa, J. E., & Auer, C. A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130414 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Schnitzler, F.-R., Burgess, E. P. J., Kean, A. M., Philip, B. A., Barraclough, E. I., Malone, L. A., & Walter, C. A. (2010) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1603/en09302 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Genetic Engineering for Crop Biofortification
Nawaz, T., Nelson, D., Saleem, A., Bibi, M., Joshi, N., Fahad, S., Saud, S., Adnan, M., Khan, M. N. R., Hassan, S., et al. (2025) · doi:10.1002/9781394273270.ch17 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Cultivation of GMO in Germany: support of monitoring and coexistence issues by WebGIS technology
Kleppin, L., Schmidt, G., & Schröder, W. (2011) · Environmental Sciences Europe · doi:10.1186/2190-4715-23-4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Liu, M., Ko, M., Li, H., Tsai, S., Lai, Y.-M., Chang, Y.-M., Wu, M.-T., & Chen, L.-F. (2014) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms150915188 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Akhtar, Z. R., Yè, G., Lu, Z., Chang, X., Xiao-jing, S. H. E. N., Peng, Y., & Hu, C. (2013) · Journal of Integrative Agriculture · doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(13)60499-2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bioengineered Skin Microbiome: The Next Frontier in Personalized Cosmetics
Atallah, C., Abiad, A. E., Abiad, M. E., Nakad, M., & Assaf, J. C. (2025) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics12050205 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Powell, M., Wheatley, A. O., Omoruyi, F. O., Asemota, H. N., Williams, N. P., & Tennant, P. (2009) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1007/s11248-009-9317-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Biosafety Measures, Socio-Economic Impacts and Challenges of Bt-brinjal Cultivation in Bangladesh
Haque, M. S., & Saha, N. R. (2020) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00337 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mimmi, S. F. H., & Islam, A. (2021) · Science Heritage Journal · doi:10.26480/gws.02.2021.21.28 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Marani, M. M., Costa, J. S., Mafra, I., Oliveira, M. B. P. P., Camperi, S. A., & Leite, J. R. D. S. A. (2015) · Biopolymers · doi:10.1002/bip.22609 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Regulatory Oversight and Safety Assessment of Plants with Novel Traits
Devos, Y., Lheureux, K., & Schiemann, J. (2009) · Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02391-0_26 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Araya-Quesada, M., Degrassi, G., Ripandelli, D., & Craig, W. L. (2010) · Environmental Biosafety Research · doi:10.1051/ebr/2010003 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationTransgenic Research in Tuber and Root Crops
Si, H., Zhang, N., Tang, X., Yang, J., Wen, Y., Wang, L., & Zhou, X. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-810439-2.00011-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mandel, J. R., & Brunet, J. (2019) · Compendium of plant genomes · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03389-7_4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Silva, K. F. D., Spencer, T. A., Camargo, C., Siegfried, B. D., & Walters, F. S. (2015) · Pest Management Science · doi:10.1002/ps.4175 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Schröder, W., & Schmidt, G. (2012) · Environmental Sciences Europe · doi:10.1186/2190-4715-24-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Schlathölter, I., Meissle, M., Boeriis, T., Heimo, D., Studer, B., Broggini, G. A. L., Romeis, J., & Patocchi, A. (2022) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113749 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ahrens, C. W., Chung, J., Meyer, T. H., & Auer, C. A. (2011) · Weed Science · doi:10.1614/ws-d-10-00094.1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Magomere, T., Obukosia, S. D., Albertsen, M., Wambugu, F., Kamanga, D., Njuguna, M., Gaffney, J., Zhao, Z., Che, P., Aseta, A., et al. (2016) · Electronic Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.06.001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Pinheiro, P., Quintela, E. D., Junqueira, A. M. R., Aragão, F. J. L., & de Faria, J. C. (2014) · GM crops & food · doi:10.4161/gmcr.29224 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Biology ofTrichogramma pretiosum(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Fed Transgenic Maize Pollen
Sousa, M. F. D., Fernandes, M. G., & Mota, T. A. (2017) · Florida Entomologist · doi:10.1653/024.100.0324 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Inventory of observed unexpected environmental effects of genetically modified crops
van den Brink, L., Bus, C. B., Franke, A. C., Groten, J. A. M., Lotz, L. A. P., Timmer, R. D., & van de Wiel, C. C. M. (2010) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Rizzitello, R. C., Zhang, C.-J., & Auer, C. A. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/756619 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Zhang, C.-J., Mahoney, J. D., Kim, D., Sun, S., Gan, L., Fan, J., & Yan, X. (2020) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112872 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Genetic Engineering of Crops for Insect Resistance
Gatehouse, J. A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5797-8_239 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Imura, O., Shi, K., Iimura, K., & Takamizo, T. (2010) · Environmental Biosafety Research · doi:10.1051/ebr/2010010 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Does Cry1Ab maize interfere in the biology and behavioural traits of Podisus nigrispinus
Leite, N. A., Mendes, S. M., dos Santos, C. A., & Pereira, E. J. G. (2014) · Bulletin of Insectology · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Workshop Proceedings Report GMOs for African Agriculture: Challenges and opportunities
Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) (2010) · doi:10.17159/assaf/0014 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Does insect netting affect the containment of airborne pollen from (GM-) plants in greenhouses?
van Hengstum, T., Hooftman, D. A. P., den Nijs, H. C. M., & van Tienderen, P. H. (2011) · Aerobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10453-011-9237-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Transgene flow from Bt brinjal: a real Risk?
Samuels, J. (2013) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.03.007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Genetic Engineering and Transgenic Breeding
Ríos, R. O. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20532-8_7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
José, M., Vertuan, H., Soares, D. J., de Sordi, D., Bellini, L. F., Kotsubo, R. M., & Berger, G. U. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231733 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Storani, L., Hernando, C. E., Staneloni, R. J., Ploschuk, E. L., Rugnone, M. L., Striker, G. G., Casal, J. J., Chernomoretz, A., & Yanovsky, M. J. (2015) · American Journal of Potato Research · doi:10.1007/s12230-015-9476-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Safdar, M., Ullah, M., Bibi, A., Khan, M. A., Rehman, M., Fatima, Z., Hussain, M., Awan, U. A., & Naeem, M. (2023) · Journal of Women Medical and Dental College · doi:10.56600/jwmdc.v2i2.73 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Limitations, Biosafety, Ethics, Regulatory Issues in Molecular Farming in Plants
Wani, K. I., & Aftab, T. (2022) · SpringerBriefs in plant science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-12794-6_5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Transcriptome Analysis and Genetic Engineering
Qaisar, U., Yousaf, S., Rehman, T., Zainab, A., & Tayyeb, A. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.69372 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
RISKS AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF GM CROPS WITH ADVANCED MODIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES
(2022) · National Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.37605/v3i1/4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Soares, D. J., Vertuan, H., Bacalhau, F., José, M., Crivellari, A. C., Belchior, G. G., & Berger, G. U. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285079 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Craig, W., Tepfer, M., Degrassi, G., & Ripandelli, D.
- Affiliations
- AREA Science Park (IT)
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Craig, Wendy
- Venue
- Euphytica
- Published
- 2008-01-10
- Volume
- 164
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 853-880
- ISSN
- 0014-2336 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-5060
- OpenAlex
- W2155336937
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 18.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Euphytica (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural safety and regulations
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Risk Perception and Management
- Keywords
- genetically modified crops, risk assessment, risk management, hazard identification, hazard characterization, pest resistance, gene flow, transgene integration, transgenic plants, biosafety
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review