The DOI matches its Crossref record; 269 of the 276 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 36 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
This meta-analysis of 161 published and unpublished manuscripts was conducted to determine whether the association between parenting and delinquency exists and what the magnitude of this linkage is. The strongest links were found for parental monitoring, psychological control, and negative aspects of support such as rejection and hostility, accounting for up to 11% of the variance in delinquency. Several effect sizes were moderated by parent and child gender, child age, informant on parenting, and delinquency type, indicating that some parenting behaviors are more important for particular contexts or subsamples. Although both dimensions of warmth and support seem to be important, surprisingly very few studies focused on parenting styles. Furthermore, fewer than 20% of the studies focused on parenting behavior of fathers, despite the fact that the effect of poor support by fathers was larger than poor maternal support, particularly for sons. Implications for theory and parenting are discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
98 Own result · 22 Own interpretation · 14 No full text of the sources · 13 No basis given · 8 Sources not found · 7 Own method · 4 Not checked yet
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The relationship between general parenting and delinquency was found to be stronger in younger adolescents and school age children than for older adolescents.”
- Also stated in: § Conclusions · plain
“In addition, the parenting–delinquency link was stronger in school age children and early adolescents than in older adolescents.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Moderator Analyses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Conclusions · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“accounting for up to 11% of the variance in delinquency”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Within the remaining parenting dimensions (i.e., authoritative, authoritarian and psychological control), mean effect sizes of discrete parenting behaviors were relatively similar (Table 2).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“differences in effect sizes between support and control dimensions and between behavioral and psychological control were nonsignificant (Q(1) = 0.03, p > 0.10 for support versus control; Q(1) = 1.0, p > 0.10 for behavioral vs. psychological control).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a significant but small link between permissiveness and delinquency was found (ESr = 0.09, p < 0.05, k = 10)”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Post-hoc comparisons revealed that differences between the four types of control were significant (Q(3) = 8.8, p < 0.05)”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“given that most effect sizes were heterogeneous”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > Analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the link between physical punishment and delinquency (ESr = 0.10, p < 0.01, k = 12).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strongest links were found for parental monitoring, psychological control, and negative aspects of support such as rejection and hostility”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we found a trend for a weak link between open communication and delinquency (ESr = −0.07, p < 0.10, k = 11)”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 41
- Probably not a substantial claim. 12
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fail safe numbers (p = 0.05) ranged from 534 to 34,771 and exceeded the critical value.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Table 1 presents a description of the 161 manuscripts, containing 119 independent studies.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Description of Studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Parenting Dimensions Mean effect sizes for associations between parenting dimensions (support and various forms of control) and delinquency were all significant and ranged in strength from.12 for authoritative and authoritarian control to 0.23 for psychological control (Table 2).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mean effect sizes within authoritative control such as of rewarding and inductive parenting were relatively similar in strength and ranged from −0.11 to −0.13 (Table 2).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“general control, referring to variables that combine various aspects of discipline into one construct, was significantly related to delinquency and had a relatively high effect size (ESr = −0.21).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The remaining parenting dimensions, support, and authoritative, authoritarian and behavioral control, have small to moderate significant associations with delinquency.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several effect sizes were moderated by parent and child gender, child age, informant on parenting, and delinquency type”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Abstract
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In total 432 different parenting variables were identified across the 161 studies.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > Classification of Parenting Variables
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Only the study by Avenevoli and colleagues (1999) analyzed all four parenting styles in relation to delinquency, including neglectful parenting (r = −0.20 for intact families and r = −0.17 for single-parent families).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Avenevoli et al. 1999
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No outliers were identified.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > Analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moderate effect sizes were found for psychological control (ESr = 0.21, p < 0.001, k = 13) and overprotection (ESr = 0.21, p < 0.001, k = 7).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the effect of poor support by fathers was larger than poor maternal support, particularly for sons”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The moderators time interval between the measurements and design were nonsignificant, indicating that the parenting–delinquency link was relatively similar in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Moderator Analyses
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the present meta-analysis significant effects of age were found in cross-sectional studies on general parenting, indicating that correlates are not the same at all ages.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, contrary to the finding of Barber et al. (1994) that behavioral control rather than psychological control is responsible for increased levels of delinquency, we found that psychological control is as least as important as behavioral control.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Barber et al. (1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, we expected that the link between child disclosure and delinquency would be stronger than the link between poor parental monitoring and delinquency, however, the present meta-analysis revealed relatively similar effect sizes.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The smallest effect sizes were found for communication (ESr = −0.07), permissiveness (ESr = 0.09), and physical punishment (ESr = 0.10).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The source of delinquency was not associated with effect size, indicating that no significant differences were found between studies using self-reported delinquency and studies relying on official delinquency.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Moderator Analyses
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found significant links between all parenting dimensions and delinquency but the magnitude of the relation depended on the particular parenting dimension.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Most studies were focused on adolescents despite the fact that many models emphasize the role of parenting during childhood (e.g., Gottfredson and Hirschi 1990; Moffitt and Caspi 2001; Sampson and Laub 1993).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Gaps in Research
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The smallest effect sizes were found for communication (ESr = −0.07), permissiveness (ESr = 0.09), and physical punishment (ESr = 0.10).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Publication status and number of parenting items did not moderate the effect size.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Moderator Analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Impact factor was significant in two parenting dimensions: authoritative control (z = −1.90, p < 0.06, k = 12) and general control (z = −2.28, p < 0.05, k = 10).”
- Also stated in: § Moderator Analyses · plain
“Studies published in journals with a high impact factor reported smaller effect sizes than studies in low impact journals (Table 4).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Moderator Analyses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Moderator Analyses · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings are important as the majority of studies rely on reports of children instead of parents (69% in the present meta-analysis) and only 3% of studies actually used observed parent–child interactions.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strongest links were found for psychological control (ESr = 0.23) and the weakest links were found for authoritative and authoritarian control (ESr = 0.12).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because the effect sizes in each of the parenting dimensions, general parenting and indirect parenting categories all had significant within-group variability (Table 2), moderator analyses were conducted for all broader parenting categories.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Moderator Analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Important study characteristics including sex of children and parents, age of the participants, delinquency type, and informant on parenting were significant moderators, indicating that some parenting dimensions are more crucial in particular situations or for particular subsamples.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Conclusions
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Possible file drawer problems were therefore not indicated and the significance levels of the effect sizes can be considered robust.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we noted and analyzed the effects of publication status (i.e., published or not) and four other quality indicators: reliability of questionnaires (0.39–0.96), sample size (35–6,751), number of informants (1–5), and impact factor of the publication (0.157–10.519).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > File Drawer Problem
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The quality of unpublished studies is questionable because they have not undergone peer review.
In the paper
“Given that scholars consider the support dimension as unidimensional (e.g., Ten Haaf et al. 1994)”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ten Haaf et al. 1994
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“According to the criteria of Cohen (1988) for small, moderate and large effect sizes (r = 0.10, r = 0.24, and r = 0.37 respectively), the correlation between psychological control and general control, and delinquency are moderate in size.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Cohen (1988)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies differ considerably with regard to characteristics of the sample and measurement instruments, and these factors may influence the magnitude of the link between parenting and delinquency.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Moderator Analysis
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Moreover, the inconsistencies in the literature make it difficult to summarize the results in a narrative review.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Prior Meta-analyses
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Studies on sex-differences in the link between family factors and delinquency are scarce and their findings are contradictory.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Moderator Analysis > Sex-Differences
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reliability of the coding scheme was checked by having 100 randomly selected parenting variables coded by two educational sciences students.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > Classification of Parenting Variables
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Four selection criteria were used to select studies: operationalization of delinquency and parenting (described in more detail below), investigations on Western samples only (given cultural differences in parenting), and investigations where bivariate associations between parenting and delinquency were reported”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > Selection of the Studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, given the small number of previous studies on parenting styles and delinquency, definite conclusions on whether parenting styles have stronger links to delinquency than parenting dimensions or which parenting style has the strongest link to delinquency cannot be drawn.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Theories on the causes of crime have contradictory hypotheses on this issue.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Moderator Analysis > Short-Term vs. Long-Term Associations
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gottfredson and Hirschi’s theory (1990) source
- Not matchedcites Sampson and Laub’s (2005) age-graded theory
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present meta-analysis includes unpublished studies and also provides fail-safe numbers.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > File Drawer Problem
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the current meta-analysis, dependence of study results was prevented by combining the results of dependent studies or by using only one study result.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > Independence of Study Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The parenting–delinquency link may weaken as children mature with the influence of peers or other life events having more impact.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Our finding concerning the significance of the link between parenting and delinquency is in line with studies that found support for the effectiveness of parent management training programs in reducing delinquency and antisocial behavior (e.g., McCart et al. 2006; Mulford and Redding 2008).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Some previous studies, including time-intervals of at least 10 years suggest that parenting influences delinquent behavior in youngsters, but the influence of parents weakens over time (Hoeve et al. 2007, 2008).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Gaps in Research
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hoeve et al. 2007, 2008
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present meta-analysis shows that negative aspects of support have different links to delinquency than the positive aspects and therefore these concepts should be considered as separate parenting dimensions.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This is in contradiction with assumptions of static models, but is in line with the dynamic models, such as the theory of Sampson and Laub (1993, 2005) suggesting that correlates of delinquency may change during the life-course.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Thus, the findings in the present meta-analysis favor dynamic theories.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Sampson and Laub (1993, 2005)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
In the paper
“Life-course-persistent delinquents were found to be associated with poor parenting, whereas adolescence-limited delinquents were not (Moffitt and Caspi 2001).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Gaps in Research
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Moffitt and Caspi 2001
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Given that both parenting dimensions of support and control were linked to delinquent behavior, parenting styles could be important risk factors for delinquency (that is, the combination of the dimensions support and control).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, we should not rule out that the link between parenting and delinquency may also be due to the impact of delinquency on parenting.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Gaps in Research
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present meta-analysis, however, shows that it is worthwhile to compare studies on fathers with studies on mothers and their children.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Gaps in Research
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, parents not only influence their children, but children also influence their parents (Crouter and Booth 2003; Granic 2000; Holden 1997).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Gaps in Research
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even though the included longitudinal studies showed that poorer parenting practices preceded delinquent behavior, a bidirectional view on parent–child relations cannot be rejected as we do not know whether the child-rearing characteristics had been influenced by earlier delinquency or other problem behaviors of the child.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Gaps in Research
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Males engage in more delinquent behavior than females.
“Males are more involved in delinquent behavior than females.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The quality of unpublished studies is questionable because they have not undergone peer review.
“because the quality of unpublished studies is questioned because they have not gone through peer review”
The paper relies on this without support.
Assessing study quality appropriately is complicated and often problematic.
“assessing the quality of a study appropriately is complicated and often problematic”
The paper relies on this without support.
The quality of retrospective studies is often questioned.
“Given that the study quality of retrospective studies is often questioned we conducted several analyses in order to investigate the potential influence of these studies.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Boys are more often delinquent than girls.
“Given the lack of studies that investigate fathers and that boys are more often delinquent than girls, there appears to be a serious gap in research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Also, the findings on inadequate parenting and the delayed moral reasoning of the juvenile offenders in this study concur with findings of previous research (Hoeve et al., 2009; Stams et al., 2006).”
From The care of Filipino juvenile offenders in residential facilities evaluated using the risk-need-responsivity model (2016) · cites this paper as Hoeve et al., 2009
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“they provide convincing evidence for a significant relationship between harsh, hostile, rejecting, controlling, and neglectful parenting with delinquency”
From A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH (2014) · cites this paper as Hoeve et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“Our findings with regard to parental control do, however, not concur with our meta-analytic results on the link between parenting and delinquency, as we found moderate mean effect sizes for several types of parental control, including poor parental supervision (r = 0.23), and psychological control (r = 0.23; Hoeve et al. 2009).”
From A Meta-analysis of Attachment to Parents and Delinquency (2012) · cites this paper as Hoeve et al. 2009
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- ConsistentQ(5) = 13.7reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .018
“Q(5) = 13.7, p < .05”
- ConsistentQ(3) = 8.8reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .032
“Q(3) = 8.8, p < .05”
- ConsistentQ(1) = 0.03reported p > .1 · recomputed p = .862
“Q(1) = 0.03, p > .10”
- ConsistentQ(1) = 1reported p > .1 · recomputed p = .317
“Q(1) = 1.0, p > .10”
- ConsistentQ(1) = 4.3reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .038
“Qb(1) = 4.30, p < .05”
- ConsistentQ(4) = 15.3reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .004
“Qb(4) = 15.3, p < .01”
- ConsistentQ(4) = 7.2reported p > .05 · recomputed p = .126
“Qb(4) = 7.2, p > .05”
- ConsistentQ(2) = 3.5reported p > .05 · recomputed p = .174
“Qb(2) = 3.5, p > .05”
- ConsistentQ(2) = 0.7reported p > .1 · recomputed p = .705
“Q(2) = 0.7, p > .10”
- Consistentz = -2.05reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .040
“(z = −2.05, p < .05”
- Consistentz = 2.36reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .018
“(z = 2.36, p < .05”
- Consistentz = -1.9reported p < .06 · recomputed p = .057
“(z = −1.90, p < .06”
- Consistentz = -2.28reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .023
“(z = −2.28, p < .05”
- Consistentz = -1.72reported p < .1 · recomputed p = .085
“(z = −1.72, p < .10”
- Consistentz = 1.68reported p < .1 · recomputed p = .093
“(z = 1.68, p < .10”
- Consistentz = 2.76reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .006
“(z = 2.76, p < .01”
- Consistentz = 1.92reported p < .1 · recomputed p = .055
“(z = 1.92, p < .10”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
“For example, the number of items in parenting and delinquency questionnaires did moderate the parenting–delinquency link.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Moderator Analyses
“Publication status and number of parenting items did not moderate the effect size.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > File Drawer Problem
“sample size (35–6,751)”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Description of Studies
“The sample sizes were quite varied, ranging from 34 to 18,260, with most between 200 and 500.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“The designs were most frequently cross-sectional (88 studies). Only four studies used a retrospective design, and 35 studies were longitudinal.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Description of Studies
Reported 119 · recomputed 127
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,882
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
From dissertation abstracts international
(1974) · ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics · doi:10.1145/988616.988619 · Cited by 12,208
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990) · doi:10.1515/9781503621794 · Cited by 10,127
Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy
Moffitt, T. E. (1993) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.4.674 · Cited by 9,987 · cited 1×
“These negative child-parent transactions increase the risk of setting a child off on a delinquent path that starts in the early teens, entails many delinquent acts and persists far into adulthood (Moffitt 1993; Patterson and Yoerger 2002).”
Background(2000) · Cited by 9,198
The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.
Rosenthal, R. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 · Cited by 9,068
Parenting style as context: An integrative model.
Darling, N. E., & Steinberg, L. D. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487 · Cited by 5,331 · cited 2×
“Parenting styles are configurations of attitudes and behaviors of parents towards their child and create a context or a climate for the parent’s behavior and is displayed across many different situations (Darling and Steinberg 1993).”
BackgroundMethod
Research works printed but not linked: 16
- *Adams, J. B. (2001). Self-control as a mediator for the effects of parental bonding, prosocial behavioral training and psychological autonomy on adolescent delinquency. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62(4 A), 1595 (UMI No. 3013141).
- *Cook, E. T. (1996). Risk and protective factors in adolescent problem behaviors. Dissertation Abstracts International, 57, 4742 (Doctoral dissertation, University of Washington, 1996).
- *Criss, M. M. (2002). How parents find out about their teenagers’ activities: Validating an observational measure of monitoring as dyadic process. Dissertation Abstracts International, 63(2 B), 1086 (UMI No. 3043993).
- *Dekkers, M. E. (1998). Losbandig gezin, losbandige tieners? Een onderzoek naar de invloed van gezinscohesie op risicogedrag van adolescenten. Unpublished Master’s thesis, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- *Dekovic, M., Janssens, J. M. A. M., & Van As, N. M. C. (2001). Gezinsfactoren en het gebruik van ernstig geweld [Family factors and serious violence]. In R. Loeber, N. W. Slot, & J. A. Sergeant (Eds.), Ernstige en gewelddadige jeugdcriminaliteit: Omvang, oorzaken en interventies [Serious and violent delinquency: Prevalence, causes, and interventions] (pp. 225–244). Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.
- *Gersao, E., & Lisboa, M. (1994). The self-report delinquency study in Portugal. In J. Junger-Tas, G. J. Terlouw, & M. W. Klein (Eds.), Delinquent behavior among young people in the Western world (pp. 212–237). Amsterdam: Kugler.
- *Giever, D. M. (1996). An empirical assessment of the core elements of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of Crime. Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 56(10), 4155–A (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 1996).
- *Hooper, R. M. (1989). The etiological significance of morphology, arousal reduction and parent effectiveness to criminality. Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 49(8), 2400–A (Doctoral dissertation, New York University, 1989).
- *Juras, J. L. (2004). Integrating models of risk and protection for the prevention of adolescent delinquency. Dissertation Abstracts International, 65(4 B), 2126 (UMI No. 3129497).
- *Kupanoff, K. M. (2002). Adolescent behavioral autonomy as a moderator between parenting practices and adolescent delinquency. Dissertation Abstracts International, 63(5 B), 2621 (UMI No. 3054634).
- *Peterson, D. (2002). “Don’t forget the women”: A multi-level analysis of individual and contextual effects on girls’ and boys’ delinquency. Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 63(3), 1140–A (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nebraska, 2002).
- Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (2001b). Understanding variablility in lives through time: Contributions of life-course criminology. In A. Piquero, & P. Mazerolle (Eds.), Life-course criminology: Contemporary and classic readings (pp. 242–258). Toronto: Wadsworth.
- *Skinner, K. B. (2000). Associations between parenting, acculturation, and adolescent functioning among Chinese families in North America. Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 61(2), 784–A (Doctoral dissertation, Brigham Young University, 2000).
- *Terlouw, G.-J., & Bruinsma, G. J. N. (1994). Self-reported delinquency in the Netherlands. In J. Junger-Tas, G.-J. Terlouw, & M. W. Klein (Eds.), Delinquent behavior among young people in the Western world. Amsterdam: Kugler.
- *Wilson, H. (1980). Parents can cut the crime rate. New Society, 54(942), 456–458.
- *Windham, A. M. (2003). Pathways to problem drug use: The role of early maternal nurturing. Dissertation Abstracts International, 63(10 B), 4632 (UMI No. 3068230).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,355
Recidivism and the “Worst of Both Worlds” Hypothesis
Walters, G. D. (2014) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854814551018 · Cited by 19
“With respect to family influences, parental control and support tend to be equally important in preventing delinquency (Hoeve et al., 2009), whereas parental control may be slightly more effective in preventing substance misuse (Choquet, Hassler, Morin, Falissard, & Chau, 2008).”
Background“You gotta have a good help mate”: African American fathers’ co-parenting experiences.
Doyle, O., Goldston, D. B., Dzirasa, E., Fontes, M. T., Estroff, S. E., & Burriss, A. (2013) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/a0034732 · Cited by 19
“…residential or nonresidential, engage in parenting behaviors (e.g., supervision, discipline, support) that are linked to decreases in depressive symptoms, aggression, and delinquency among youth (e.g., Amato & Gilbreth, 1999; Hoeve et al., 2009; Plunkett, Henry, Robinson, Behnke, & Falcon, 2007).”
BackgroundA Bayesian Account of Psychopathy: A Model of Lacks Remorse and Self-Aggrandizing
Prosser, A., Friston, K. J., Bakker, N., & Parr, T. (2018) · Computational Psychiatry · doi:10.1162/cpsy_a_00016 · Cited by 21
“…2004; Cohen et al., 2014; Craparo, Schimmenti, & Caretti, 2013; Douglas, Hart, Webster, & Belfrage, 2013; Graham, Kimonis, Wasserman, & Kline, 2012; Hoeve et al., 2009; Johnson, Cohen, Brown, Smailes, & Bernstein, 1999; Kolla et al., 2013; Luntz & Widom, 1994; Marshall & Cooke, 1999; National…”
BackgroundBelief in a Loving Versus Punitive God and Behavior
Shepperd, J. A., Pogge, G. C., Lipsey, N. P., Miller, W. A., & Webster, G. D. (2019) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12437 · Cited by 22
Chouhy, C. (2019) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20779-3_12 · Cited by 21
Sierra, E. M., Pérez, M. N., Rivera, F. F., & Seijo, D. (2020) · Anales de Psicología · doi:10.6018/analesps.428631 · Cited by 19
“…(e.g., control, support), and family cohesion are predictors of a positive social adjustment in adolescence, whereas dysfunctional families with poor parental monitoring have been associated to antisocial and delinquent behaviour (Hoeve et al., 2009; Novo, Fariña, Seijo, Vázquez, & Arce, 2019).”
BackgroundA Test of Cognitive Dissonance Theory to Explain Parents' Reactions to Youths' Alcohol Intoxication
Glatz, T., Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2012) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2012.00723.x · Cited by 19
Relationships of Parental Monitoring and Emotion Regulation With Early Adolescents' Sexual Behaviors
Hadley, W. S., Houck, C. D., Barker, D., & Senocak, N. (2015) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000160 · Cited by 19
Missotten, L., Luyckx, K., & Seiffge-Krenke, I. (2012) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-012-9585-1
“These results further reinforce the view that positive family climates could foster positive development in adolescents and that negative climates could hinder adolescents in their development by inducing internalizing and externalizing problems (Davies et al. 2004; Hoeve 2009).”
ResultA test of life history strategy theory as a predictor of criminal violence across 51 nations
Minkov, M., & Beaver, K. M. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.063 · Cited by 24
Davis, J. P., Dumas, T. M., Wagner, E. F., & Merrin, G. J. (2016) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2016.08.004 · Cited by 23
“Previous meta-analyses have found that the strongest effects for the association between parenting and delinquency were support aspects such as neglect and hostility (effect size range 0.26–0.33; Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe role of rearrests in juvenile offenders’ and their mothers’ attitudes toward police.
Cavanagh, C., & Cauffman, E. E. (2018) · Law and Human Behavior · doi:10.1037/lhb0000313 · Cited by 21
Lin, C.-X., Qing, Z., Yan, C.-H., Tang, S.-J., Wang, C.-L., Yang, X., & Liu, X. (2024) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-024-00244-0 · Cited by 20
“While previous research has found that parenting styles may affect children’s behavior as they age (Hoeve et al., 2009).”
Highlander, A., & Jones, D. J. (2021) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-021-00369-x · Cited by 19
Zhu, F., & Zhou, H. (2021) · Management and Organization Review · doi:10.1017/mor.2021.52 · Cited by 20
Zhang, R., Zhang, X., Xiao, N., Ren, P., & Li, X. (2022) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-022-02422-x · Cited by 20
“, 2006), is commonly found to be a risk factor of delinquent behaviors (Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundTheory for How Parental Monitoring Changes Youth Behavior
Pelham, W. E., Patel, H., Somers, J. A., & Racz, S. J. (2024) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026241232926 · Cited by 25
Adolescent Reports of Aggression as Predictors of Perceived Parenting Behaviors and Expectations
Murray, K. W., Haynie, D. L., Howard, D. E., Cheng, T. L., & Simons‐Morton, B. G. (2013) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12025 · Cited by 18
“A large body of research has demonstrated the protective potential of parenting practices such as parental support and monitoring (Hoeve et al., 2009; Orpinas, Murray, & Kelder, 1999; Patterson, Forgatch, Yoeger, & Stoolmiller, Ruth H. Young Center for Families and Children, School of Social Work,…”
BackgroundIvanova, K., Veenstra, R., & Mills, M. C. (2010) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431610393246 · Cited by 18
“Research has shown that an emotionally warm, accepting, and affectionate bond with parents is linked with psychosocial adjustment, whereas a rejecting, unsupportive relationship is related to maladjustment such as delinquency (Hoeve et al., 2009; Khaleque & Rohner, 2002).”
BackgroundSilva, T. C., & Stattin, H. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415001121 · Cited by 23
“The level of authoritarian parenting reported by the children is more strongly related to delinquency than the level of authoritarian parenting reported by the parents (Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialWalters, G. D. (2017) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0011128716686357 · Cited by 18
“control/support and offspring delinquency (Baumrind, 1991; Hoeve et al., 2009; Simons et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialCaregivers’ Advice and Children’s Bystander Behaviors During Bullying Incidents
Grassetti, S. N., Hubbard, J. A., Smith, M. A., Bookhout, M. K., Swift, L. E., & Gawrysiak, M. J. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2017.1295381 · Cited by 18
“Numerous studies have suggested links between parenting practices and children’s prosocial development (e.g., Eisenberg, Lennon, & Roth, 1983; Krevans & Gibbs, 1996) or disruptive behavior with peers (for reviews, see Dishion & McMahon, 1998; Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundZhang, J., Palmer, A. R., Zhang, N., & Gewirtz, A. H. (2020) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00625-8 · Cited by 18
“In addition, a meta-analysis examining the relationship between parenting and child delinquency indicated that fathers’ coercive behaviors and poor support could have larger effects on child externalizing problems than mothers’ (Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundLi, J., Guo, Y.-J., Delvecchio, E., & Mazzeschi, C. (2020) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407520932667 · Cited by 20
“…the relationships between parenting, parental attachment, and adolescents’ adjustment outcomes (e.g., self-control, internalizing and externalizing problems) are significant for studies using either self-report or other-report measures (e.g., Hoeve et al., 2009; Li et al., 2019, Pinquart, 2017).”
MethodNivette, A. E., Trajtenberg, N., Eisner, M., Ribeaud, D., & Peres, M. F. T. (2020) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.06.007 · Cited by 21
Vidal, S., & Woolard, J. L. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0368-z · Cited by 23
“In line with literature suggesting that parental support and monitoring protect against antisocial and delinquent behaviors (Panuccio et al. 2012; Hoeve et al. 2009; Dishion and McMahon 1998), we hypothesized that youth with supportive relationships with their parents and youth who perceived high levels of monitoring…”
BackgroundInfluentialExamining the predictors of prosocial behavior in young offenders and nonoffenders
García, P. S., Llorca, A., Malonda, E., & Mestre, M. V. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025421995930 · Cited by 18
Rosli, N. A. (2014) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 18
DeLisi, M., & Vaughn, M. G. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118512449.ch2 · Cited by 33
Whitehouse, H., & Fitzgerald, R. B. (2020) · Anthropology in Action · doi:10.3167/aia.2020.270101 · Cited by 18
Rahma, R., Alsarhi, K., Prevoo, M. J. L., Alink, L. R. A., & Mesman, J. (2020) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2020.1828546 · Cited by 21
“A number of meta-analytic studies have found that sensitive parenting is related to a lower risk of developing child problems, such as child internalizing behavior, child depression, and child delinquent behavior (Hoeve et al., 2009; McLeod et al., 2007; Weiss et al., 1992).”
BackgroundArcher, R., Jackson-Jefferson, M., Celebi, M., & Granger, T. (2022) · Journal of Crime and Justice · doi:10.1080/0735648x.2022.2038232 · Cited by 13
Zendarski, N. J., Galligan, R. F., Coghill, D., Payne, J. M., Luca, C. R. D., & Mulraney, M. (2022) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-022-02390-2 · Cited by 17
“Family dysfunction (i.e., lack of cohesion and structure) has been associated with increased behavioural problems, delinquency, and poorer functioning across childhood (Hoeve et al., 2009; Kroneman et al., 2009; Racz & McMahon, 2011; van As & Janssens, 2002).”
BackgroundRodríguez, J.-A., Redondo, L. M., & Boubeta, A. R. (2011) · International Journal of Social Psychology Revista de Psicología Social · doi:10.1174/021347412798844033 · Cited by 17
“…convencionales, y en especial de la vinculación y supervisión familiar, con respecto tanto a la implicación de los hijos en conductas antisociales (Hoeve et al., 2009; Idsoe, Solli y Cosmovici, 2008) como a su integración en grupos desviados (Erikson, Crosnoe y Dornbush, 2000; Laird, Criss,…”
BackgroundPiehler, T. F., Lee, S. S., Bloomquist, M. L., & August, G. J. (2014) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-014-0358-z · Cited by 20
“Both parents’ personal problems/stressors and parenting style (e.g., coercive parenting) are associated with the development of conduct problems in children (Dodge, Coie, & Lynam, 2006; Erath, El-Sheikh, & Cummings, 2009; Hoeve et al., 2009; Moffitt & Caspi, 2001; Seng & Prinz, 2008).”
Theimer, K., & Hansen, D. J. (2017) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260517716943 · Cited by 18
“However, there is evidence to show that people tend to perceive parents of delinquent youth as responsible for their child’s problematic behavior (Hoeve et al., 2008).”
BackgroundAgbaria, Q. (2020) · Topics in Early Childhood Special Education · doi:10.1177/0271121420918650 · Cited by 19
Yoon, S., Kobulsky, J. M., Shin, S. H., & Coxe, K. A. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105130 · Cited by 16
“This finding is also consistent with the literature on parenting, which has shown stronger effects of parenting on school-aged and younger adolescent-aged children than older adolescents (Hoeve et al., 2009).”
ResultNorton, J. R., & Duke, A. M. (2021) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02014-1 · Cited by 17
Relationship between behaviour problems and perceived parenting practices in Korean youth
Kim, D., Ys, K., Koh, Y., & LEVENTHAL, B. L. (2012) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01343.x · Cited by 18
Support from the Start: effective programmes for three to eight year‐olds
Hutchings, J., & Gardner, F. E. M. (2012) · Journal of Children s Services · doi:10.1108/17466661211213652 · Cited by 17
Roskam, I., Meunier, J.-C., & Stiévenart, M. (2016) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0365-1 · Cited by 17
“This model of bidirectional relations between parents’ controlling behaviors and children’s EB has received empirical support from previous research (Bailey et al. 2009; Gershoff et al. 2012; Hoeve et al. 2009; Lansford et al. 2011).”
ResultWalters, G. D. (2015) · Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice · doi:10.1177/1541204015569317 · Cited by 17
“When these two means of socialization have been compared, the empirical research indicates that they are equally effective in predicting and preventing delinquency (Hoeve et al., 2009).”
Caregiver Strain Questionnaire–Short Form 11 (CGSQ-SF11): A Validation Study
Brennan, G. M., Babinski, D. E., & Waschbusch, D. A. (2021) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911211015360 · Cited by 17
“Child CD symptoms were as strongly correlated with subjective externalized strain as child depression and ODD symptoms, consistent with research indicating a positive association between CD and parental hostility (Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResultDelinquency, drug use, and gang membership in the English-speaking Caribbean
Katz, C. M., Cheon, H., Freemon, K. R., et al. (2022) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106758 · Cited by 16
Yang, Z., & Netemeyer, R. G. (2014) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.11.019 · Cited by 16
Tan, T. X., Gelley, C. D., & Dedrick, R. F. (2014) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-014-0092-4 · Cited by 16
“As mentioned earlier there is a large body of literature on parenting and child development, but few studies have focused on parenting styles and children’s behavior problems (Hoeve et al. 2009).”
BackgroundBuist, K. L., Eichelsheim, V. I., Cook, W. L., et al. (2020) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/1068316x.2020.1742337 · Cited by 16
Self-citationKsinan, A. J., Smith, R. L., Barr, P. B., & Vazsonyi, A. T. (2021) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-021-10079-3 · Cited by 17
van Vugt, E., Loeber, R., & Pardini, D. A. (2015) · Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/cbm.1959 · Cited by 16
“Children born to young mothers are often exposed to a variety of risk factors that have been associated with early childbearing as well as with development of delinquent behaviour (Loeber, 1990; Loeber & Farrington, 2000; StouthamerLoeber et al., 2001; Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResultAggressive delinquency among north American indigenous adolescents: Trajectories and predictors
Sittner, K. J., & Hautala, D. S. (2015) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21622 · Cited by 20
“In a metaanalysis by Hoeve et al. (2009), parental rejection was consistently associated with delinquency or aggression, both concurrently and predictively.”
BackgroundResultFamilial Influences on Dating Violence Victimization Among Latino Youth
Reyes, H. L. M., Foshee, V. A., Klevens, J., Tharp, A. T., Chapman, M. V., Chen, M. S., & Ennett, S. T. (2016) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2016.1210270 · Cited by 16
“This line of reasoning is based on numerous empirical studies (e.g., Fosco, Stormshak, Dishion, & Winter, 2012; Hoeve et al., 2009; Hoeve et al., 2012), including studies of Latino youth (e.”
BackgroundTitisari, H. T. D. (2018) · PSIKODIMENSIA · doi:10.24167/psiko.v16i2.1068 · Cited by 16
Hämäläinen, J. E. A., & Matikainen, P. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10072166 · Cited by 16
Myllyaho, T., Siira, V., Wahlberg, K.-E., Hakko, H. H., Läksy, K., Roisko, R., Niemelä, M., & Räsänen, S. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.06.017 · Cited by 16
Kuhn, E. S., & Laird, R. D. (2013) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12028 · Cited by 16
Parenting Styles and Youth’s Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors: Does Self-Control Matter?
Almeida, D., & Santos, G. (2024) · International Criminology · doi:10.1007/s43576-024-00137-1 · Cited by 15
“This knowledge is essential for crafting prevention programs and intervention strategies that are not only grounded in theory but also supported by robust empirical evidence (Akhter et al., 2011; Hoeve et al., 2009; Kawabata et al., 2011; Kazdin, 2001).”
Annual Research Review: Early conduct problems – precursors, outcomes, and etiology
Hyde, L. W., Trentacosta, C. J., & Bezek, J. L. (2025) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.70031 · Cited by 20
“In addition to harsh and inconsistent parenting, parenting that is low in warmth and positive reinforcement has also been linked to conduct problems and later severe antisocial behavior (Hoeve et al., 2009).”
Yuan, J., Zhao, Y.-N., Lan, X.-Y., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, R. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05643-0 · Cited by 21
Delhaye, M., Kempenaers, C., Burton, J., Linkowski, P., Stroobants, R., & Goossens, L. (2012) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2011.594820 · Cited by 15
“Another meta-analytic review (Hoeve et al., 2009) indicated that higher scores on psychological control and lower scores on support and control were associated with higher scores on self-report measures of delinquency.”
BackgroundHustedt, J. T., Vu, J. A.-T., Bargreen, K. N., Hallam, R. A., & Han, M. (2017) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21667 · Cited by 17
Girls’ and Women’s Violence: The Question of General Versus Uniquely Gendered Causes
Giordano, P. C., & Copp, J. E. (2018) · Annual Review of Criminology · doi:10.1146/annurev-criminol-011518-024517 · Cited by 18
“Findings of more recent research have similarly documented links between negative family processes and the delinquent behavior of male and female adolescents (e.g., Chamberlain 2003; Hoeve et al. 2009).”
BackgroundSypher, I., Hyde, L. W., Peckins, M. K., Waller, R. E., Klump, K. L., & Burt, S. A. (2019) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-018-0506-7 · Cited by 16
Ang, R. P.-H., Li, X., Huan, V. S. L., Liem, G. A. D., Kang, T., Wong, Q., & Yeo, J. Y. P. (2019) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-019-00941-1 · Cited by 20
Is housing hardship associated with increased adolescent delinquent behaviors?
Gold, S. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105116 · Cited by 20
Farrington, D. P., & Ttofi, M. M. (2020) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-020-00189-7 · Cited by 15
“Healthy family relationships with parents and siblings, and healthy family dynamics more generally, provide ‘behavioral guidelines’ and a nurturing environment for young children (Hoeve et al. 2009).”
BackgroundAgbaria, Q., & Bdier, D. (2021) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x21995869 · Cited by 16
“Given that authoritarian parenting may be harsh, demanding, and strict, students from these homes may develop delinquent and addictive behaviors in order to compensate for high levels of restriction within the home (Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundExamining empathy and its association with aggression in young Western Cape children
Malcolm‐Smith, S., Woolley, D., & Ward, C. L. (2015) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.2989/17280583.2015.1085386 · Cited by 15
“Child gender and IQ were included as important covariates (Hoeve et al., 2009; van Langen, Wissink, van Vugt, van der Stouwe, & Stams, 2014; Warden & MacKinnon, 2003).”
Yoo, J. A. (2017) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.01.008 · Cited by 21
Sibling Delinquency as a Risk Factor for Future Offending
Walters, G. D. (2017) · Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice · doi:10.1177/1541204017713255 · Cited by 15
Marotta, P. L., & Voisin, D. R. (2017) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105317736912 · Cited by 15
“A metaanalysis by Hoeve et al. (2009) found parental monitoring through knowledge of child activities and direct supervision was the best and most reliable measure of parent–child relationships in assessing predictors of adolescent problem behaviors.”
BackgroundDoes Parenting Behaviour Impacts Delinquency? A Comparative Study of Delinquents and Non-Delinquents
Moitra, T., & Mukherjee, I. (2010) · International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences · Cited by 15
Theron, L. C., Rothmann, S., Makhnach, A. V., & Ungar, M. T. (2022) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-022-02287-0 · Cited by 16
“Monitoring, which mostly has modest mental health value (Hoeve et al., 2009, Pinquart, 2017), is particularly useful in early and middle adolescence when risk behaviours are often initiated (Bhana et al., 2016, Murphy et al., 2009), and/or in communities characterised by greater disadvantage and…”
BackgroundKang, S., Gair, S. L., Paton, M. J., et al. (2022) · Early Education and Development · doi:10.1080/10409289.2022.2074202 · Cited by 14
“, disruptive behaviors, aggression) in early childhood (DeVito & Hopkins, 2001; Heller & Baker, 2000; Hoeve et al., 2009; Rothbaum & Weisz, 1994).”
BackgroundCheng, C. H., Darawshy, N. A., Lee, S. S., Rahl-Brigman, H. A., DeGarmo, D. S., & Gewirtz, A. H. (2023) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12918 · Cited by 16
Toward a Clinically Meaningful Taxonomy of Violent Offenders
Low, K. S. D., & Day, A. (2015) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260515586365 · Cited by 14
Cutrín, O., Fraguela, J. A. G., & Sobral, J. (2016) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0559-6 · Cited by 14
“antisocial and delinquent behaviours (Hoeve et al. 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRisk factors for self-reported delinquency in emerging adulthood
Hill, J. M., BLOKLAND, A. A. J., & GEEST, V. R. V. D. (2018) · European Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/1477370817749495 · Cited by 18
“The relationship between parents, parenting and delinquency during adolescence has been repeatedly examined and confirmed (Hoeve et al., 2009; Janssen et al., 2014).”
BackgroundJin, C. C., Zhao, B., & Zou, H. (2019) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.05.042 · Cited by 14
Jiang, Y., Farrell, A. K., Tobin, E. T., Mair-Meijers, H. E., Wildman, D. E., Luca, F., Slatcher, R. B., & Zilioli, S. (2021) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.014 · Cited by 14
Julian, M. M., Muzik, M., Jester, J. M., Handelzalts, J. E., Erickson, N. L., Stringer, M. K., Brophy‐Herb, H. E., Ribaudo, J., Huth‐Bocks, A. C., Lawler, J. M., et al. (2021) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106135 · Cited by 16
Goagoses, N., & Schipper, N. (2021) · Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties · doi:10.1080/13632752.2021.1979316 · Cited by 14
“Conducting a meta-analysis of 161 manuscripts, Hoeve et al. (2009) found that delinquent behaviour had a moderate positive association with parental control, and a negative association with parental support (which included parental warmth); however, the associations weakened with age (i.e., during…”
BackgroundParenting style and its effect on eating disorders and substance abuse across the young population
Ramsewak, S., Moty, N., Putteeraj, M., Somanah, J., & Loung-Poorunder, N. (2022) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-022-00025-7 · Cited by 14
“[51] validated the onset of criminal behaviour among the changes reflected in children raised by neglectful parents, further substantiated by social disorganization and poor parental-offspring social transactions.”
BackgroundMilieu effects on the Dark Triad traits and their sex differences in 49 countries
Jonason, P. K., Czerwiński, S. K., Tobaldo, F., Ramos‐Diaz, J., Adamovic, M., Adams, B. G., Ardi, R., Bălţătescu, S., Siah, Y., Chobthamkit, P., et al. (2022) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.111796 · Cited by 14
“Narcissism and psychopathy are related to a competitive approach to life ( ˙ Zemojtel-Piotrowska et al., 2020), which may be shaped by difficult or harsh childhood conditions (Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundSchwarz-Torres, J. C., Davis, I. S., Thornburg, M. A., Patel, H., Aks, I. R., Tapert, S. F., Brown, S. A., & Pelham, W. E. (2024) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2024.2306626 · Cited by 13
“Reviews and meta-analyses have linked low monitoring to delinquency (Hoeve et al., 2009), offending (Flanagan et al., 2019), drinking (Yap et al., 2017), drug use (Lac & Crano, 2009), and risky sex (Dittus et al., 2015).”
Mason, W. A., Fleming, C. B., Ringle, J. L., Thompson, R. W., Haggerty, K. P., & Snyder, J. J. (2014) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-014-0059-5 · Cited by 14
“Poor parenting (Hoeve et al. 2009; Lereya et al. 2013; Norman et al. 2012) and low child self-control (Boisvert et al.”
Khodabakhshi‐Koolaee, A., Lor, H. S., Soleimani, A. A., et al. (2014) · international journal high risk behaviors & addiction · doi:10.5812/ijhrba.13188 · Cited by 14
Benau, E. M., Jenkins, A. L., & Conner, B. T. (2016) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2016.1182092 · Cited by 14
“Research focusing on parental monitoring indicates that adolescents who perceive their parents as more aware of their behavior are less likely to endorse engaging in a variety of health risk behaviors (Hoeve et al., 2009; Li, Feigelman, & Stanton, 2000; Rai et al., 2003).”
BackgroundResultPerceptions of Differential Parenting between Southern United States Mothers and Fathers
McKinney, C., Stearns, M. A., & Rogers, M. M. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1204-3 · Cited by 14
Defoe, I. N., Dubas, J. S., & van Aken, M. A. G. (2018) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00242 · Cited by 21
Self-citationPositive Peers—The Neglected Stepchildren of Social Influence Theories of Crime
Walters, G. (2020) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00630-x · Cited by 12
Maternal warm responsiveness and negativity following traumatic brain injury in young children.
Fairbanks, J. M., Brown, T. M., Cassedy, A. E., Taylor, H. G., Yeates, K. O., & Wade, S. L. (2013) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033119 · Cited by 14
Gender Differences in the Influence of Parenting on Youth Antisocial Behavior through Deviant Peers
Cutrín, O., Fraguela, J. A. G., & Sobral, J. (2017) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2017.53 · Cited by 14
“…parental monitoring, and family conflict are some of the most robust predictors of antisocial behavior in adolescence for both girls and boys (Hoeve et al., 2009; Javdani et al., 2011), and much evidence has demonstrated their mutual relationships to promote antisocial and delinquent…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHentges, R. F., Davies, P. T., & Sturge‐Apple, M. L. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579422000256 · Cited by 12
“…like conduct problems, have been more strongly associated with harsh and controlling dimensions of parenting than warmth or sensitivity (e.g., Hoeve et al., 2009; Pinquart, 2017), while parental rejection is more strongly linked with child depression than parental control (e.g., McLeod et…”
BackgroundFarrington, D. P., & Malvaso, C. (2023) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x231188231 · Cited by 14
“Many aspects of parenting predict delinquency (see e.g. Hoeve et al., 2009).”
Álvarez-Voces, M., Díaz-Vázquez, B., López‐Romero, L., Villar, P., & Romero, E. (2024) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-024-01771-6 · Cited by 15
“This is aligned with research that has found a relationship between inconsistent discipline and higher levels of externalizing problems [93].”
Exploring mental distress among immigrant mothers participating in parent training
Bjørknes, R., Larsen, M., Ottemöller, F. G., & Kjøbli, J. (2015) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.01.018 · Cited by 13
“Although there is research supporting the view that parenting practices influence child behavior (Hoeve et al., 2009), other studies suggest that the relationship may be reciprocal (Miner & Clarke-Stewart, 2008).”
ResultYoder, J. R., Hodge, A. I., & Ruch, D. A. (2016) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260516669167 · Cited by 13
“…& Dallaire, 2010; Farrington, Jolliffe, Loeber, Stouthamer-Loeber, & Kalb, 2001), family functioning (Henderson, Dakof, Schwartz, & Liddle, 2006; Mack, Leiber, Featherstone, & Monserud, 2007), and attachment (Hoeve et al., 2009) are noted as risk factors for both serious and non-serious offending.”
BackgroundTisak, J., Tisak, M. S., Baker, E. R., Amrhein, K. E., & Jensen, C. J. (2017) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260517744192 · Cited by 13
“In summary, if we consider parental control and care as two separate facets of parenting, we could expect that high levels of parental control would lead to low levels of general aggression and delinquency (Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundHuijsmans, T., Eichelsheim, V. I., Weerman, F. M., Branje, S., & Meeus, W. (2018) · Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology · doi:10.1007/s40865-018-0094-9 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hoeve, M., Dubas, J. S., Eichelsheim, V. I., van der Laan, P. H., Smeenk, W., & Gerris, J. R. M.
- Affiliations
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NL)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Hoeve, Machteld
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2009-03-05
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 749-775
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- PMC
- PMC2708328
- OpenAlex
- W2060821273
- Cited by
- 1,358
- References
- 276
- Citations by year
- 2026: 68 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 132 · 2018: 102 · 2017: 115 · 2016: 91 · 2015: 96 · 2014: 86 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 49
- FWCI
- 19.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
- Keywords
- parenting, juvenile delinquency, parental supervision, psychological control, parental rejection, parental hostility, parental warmth, parenting support, parenting styles, father involvement, gender differences, child age, informant effects
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Authoritarianism, Child, Child Rearing, Female, Hostility, Humans, Internal-External Control, Juvenile Delinquency, Male, Middle Aged, Parent-Child Relations, Rejection, Psychology, Social Support, Parenting, Sex Distribution, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
