The DOI matches its Crossref record; 269 of the 276 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 36 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
This meta-analysis of 161 published and unpublished manuscripts was conducted to determine whether the association between parenting and delinquency exists and what the magnitude of this linkage is. The strongest links were found for parental monitoring, psychological control, and negative aspects of support such as rejection and hostility, accounting for up to 11% of the variance in delinquency. Several effect sizes were moderated by parent and child gender, child age, informant on parenting, and delinquency type, indicating that some parenting behaviors are more important for particular contexts or subsamples. Although both dimensions of warmth and support seem to be important, surprisingly very few studies focused on parenting styles. Furthermore, fewer than 20% of the studies focused on parenting behavior of fathers, despite the fact that the effect of poor support by fathers was larger than poor maternal support, particularly for sons. Implications for theory and parenting are discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
98 Own result · 22 Own interpretation · 14 No full text of the sources · 13 No basis given · 8 Sources not found · 7 Own method · 4 Not checked yet
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The relationship between general parenting and delinquency was found to be stronger in younger adolescents and school age children than for older adolescents.”
- Also stated in: § Conclusions · plain
“In addition, the parenting–delinquency link was stronger in school age children and early adolescents than in older adolescents.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Moderator Analyses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Conclusions · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“accounting for up to 11% of the variance in delinquency”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Within the remaining parenting dimensions (i.e., authoritative, authoritarian and psychological control), mean effect sizes of discrete parenting behaviors were relatively similar (Table 2).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“differences in effect sizes between support and control dimensions and between behavioral and psychological control were nonsignificant (Q(1) = 0.03, p > 0.10 for support versus control; Q(1) = 1.0, p > 0.10 for behavioral vs. psychological control).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a significant but small link between permissiveness and delinquency was found (ESr = 0.09, p < 0.05, k = 10)”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Post-hoc comparisons revealed that differences between the four types of control were significant (Q(3) = 8.8, p < 0.05)”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“given that most effect sizes were heterogeneous”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > Analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the link between physical punishment and delinquency (ESr = 0.10, p < 0.01, k = 12).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strongest links were found for parental monitoring, psychological control, and negative aspects of support such as rejection and hostility”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we found a trend for a weak link between open communication and delinquency (ESr = −0.07, p < 0.10, k = 11)”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 41
- Probably not a substantial claim. 12
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fail safe numbers (p = 0.05) ranged from 534 to 34,771 and exceeded the critical value.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Table 1 presents a description of the 161 manuscripts, containing 119 independent studies.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Description of Studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Parenting Dimensions Mean effect sizes for associations between parenting dimensions (support and various forms of control) and delinquency were all significant and ranged in strength from.12 for authoritative and authoritarian control to 0.23 for psychological control (Table 2).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mean effect sizes within authoritative control such as of rewarding and inductive parenting were relatively similar in strength and ranged from −0.11 to −0.13 (Table 2).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“general control, referring to variables that combine various aspects of discipline into one construct, was significantly related to delinquency and had a relatively high effect size (ESr = −0.21).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The remaining parenting dimensions, support, and authoritative, authoritarian and behavioral control, have small to moderate significant associations with delinquency.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several effect sizes were moderated by parent and child gender, child age, informant on parenting, and delinquency type”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Abstract
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In total 432 different parenting variables were identified across the 161 studies.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > Classification of Parenting Variables
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Only the study by Avenevoli and colleagues (1999) analyzed all four parenting styles in relation to delinquency, including neglectful parenting (r = −0.20 for intact families and r = −0.17 for single-parent families).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Avenevoli et al. 1999
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No outliers were identified.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > Analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moderate effect sizes were found for psychological control (ESr = 0.21, p < 0.001, k = 13) and overprotection (ESr = 0.21, p < 0.001, k = 7).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the effect of poor support by fathers was larger than poor maternal support, particularly for sons”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The moderators time interval between the measurements and design were nonsignificant, indicating that the parenting–delinquency link was relatively similar in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Moderator Analyses
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the present meta-analysis significant effects of age were found in cross-sectional studies on general parenting, indicating that correlates are not the same at all ages.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, contrary to the finding of Barber et al. (1994) that behavioral control rather than psychological control is responsible for increased levels of delinquency, we found that psychological control is as least as important as behavioral control.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Barber et al. (1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, we expected that the link between child disclosure and delinquency would be stronger than the link between poor parental monitoring and delinquency, however, the present meta-analysis revealed relatively similar effect sizes.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The smallest effect sizes were found for communication (ESr = −0.07), permissiveness (ESr = 0.09), and physical punishment (ESr = 0.10).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The source of delinquency was not associated with effect size, indicating that no significant differences were found between studies using self-reported delinquency and studies relying on official delinquency.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Moderator Analyses
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found significant links between all parenting dimensions and delinquency but the magnitude of the relation depended on the particular parenting dimension.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Most studies were focused on adolescents despite the fact that many models emphasize the role of parenting during childhood (e.g., Gottfredson and Hirschi 1990; Moffitt and Caspi 2001; Sampson and Laub 1993).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Gaps in Research
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The smallest effect sizes were found for communication (ESr = −0.07), permissiveness (ESr = 0.09), and physical punishment (ESr = 0.10).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Publication status and number of parenting items did not moderate the effect size.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Moderator Analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Impact factor was significant in two parenting dimensions: authoritative control (z = −1.90, p < 0.06, k = 12) and general control (z = −2.28, p < 0.05, k = 10).”
- Also stated in: § Moderator Analyses · plain
“Studies published in journals with a high impact factor reported smaller effect sizes than studies in low impact journals (Table 4).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Moderator Analyses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Moderator Analyses · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings are important as the majority of studies rely on reports of children instead of parents (69% in the present meta-analysis) and only 3% of studies actually used observed parent–child interactions.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strongest links were found for psychological control (ESr = 0.23) and the weakest links were found for authoritative and authoritarian control (ESr = 0.12).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because the effect sizes in each of the parenting dimensions, general parenting and indirect parenting categories all had significant within-group variability (Table 2), moderator analyses were conducted for all broader parenting categories.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Moderator Analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Important study characteristics including sex of children and parents, age of the participants, delinquency type, and informant on parenting were significant moderators, indicating that some parenting dimensions are more crucial in particular situations or for particular subsamples.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Conclusions
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Possible file drawer problems were therefore not indicated and the significance levels of the effect sizes can be considered robust.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we noted and analyzed the effects of publication status (i.e., published or not) and four other quality indicators: reliability of questionnaires (0.39–0.96), sample size (35–6,751), number of informants (1–5), and impact factor of the publication (0.157–10.519).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > File Drawer Problem
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The quality of unpublished studies is questionable because they have not undergone peer review.
In the paper
“Given that scholars consider the support dimension as unidimensional (e.g., Ten Haaf et al. 1994)”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ten Haaf et al. 1994
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“According to the criteria of Cohen (1988) for small, moderate and large effect sizes (r = 0.10, r = 0.24, and r = 0.37 respectively), the correlation between psychological control and general control, and delinquency are moderate in size.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Cohen (1988)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies differ considerably with regard to characteristics of the sample and measurement instruments, and these factors may influence the magnitude of the link between parenting and delinquency.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Moderator Analysis
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Moreover, the inconsistencies in the literature make it difficult to summarize the results in a narrative review.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Prior Meta-analyses
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Studies on sex-differences in the link between family factors and delinquency are scarce and their findings are contradictory.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Moderator Analysis > Sex-Differences
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reliability of the coding scheme was checked by having 100 randomly selected parenting variables coded by two educational sciences students.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > Classification of Parenting Variables
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Four selection criteria were used to select studies: operationalization of delinquency and parenting (described in more detail below), investigations on Western samples only (given cultural differences in parenting), and investigations where bivariate associations between parenting and delinquency were reported”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > Selection of the Studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, given the small number of previous studies on parenting styles and delinquency, definite conclusions on whether parenting styles have stronger links to delinquency than parenting dimensions or which parenting style has the strongest link to delinquency cannot be drawn.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Central Tendency
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Theories on the causes of crime have contradictory hypotheses on this issue.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Moderator Analysis > Short-Term vs. Long-Term Associations
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gottfredson and Hirschi’s theory (1990) source
- Not matchedcites Sampson and Laub’s (2005) age-graded theory
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present meta-analysis includes unpublished studies and also provides fail-safe numbers.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > File Drawer Problem
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the current meta-analysis, dependence of study results was prevented by combining the results of dependent studies or by using only one study result.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > Independence of Study Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The parenting–delinquency link may weaken as children mature with the influence of peers or other life events having more impact.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Our finding concerning the significance of the link between parenting and delinquency is in line with studies that found support for the effectiveness of parent management training programs in reducing delinquency and antisocial behavior (e.g., McCart et al. 2006; Mulford and Redding 2008).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Some previous studies, including time-intervals of at least 10 years suggest that parenting influences delinquent behavior in youngsters, but the influence of parents weakens over time (Hoeve et al. 2007, 2008).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Gaps in Research
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hoeve et al. 2007, 2008
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present meta-analysis shows that negative aspects of support have different links to delinquency than the positive aspects and therefore these concepts should be considered as separate parenting dimensions.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This is in contradiction with assumptions of static models, but is in line with the dynamic models, such as the theory of Sampson and Laub (1993, 2005) suggesting that correlates of delinquency may change during the life-course.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Thus, the findings in the present meta-analysis favor dynamic theories.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Sampson and Laub (1993, 2005)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
In the paper
“Life-course-persistent delinquents were found to be associated with poor parenting, whereas adolescence-limited delinquents were not (Moffitt and Caspi 2001).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Gaps in Research
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Moffitt and Caspi 2001
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Given that both parenting dimensions of support and control were linked to delinquent behavior, parenting styles could be important risk factors for delinquency (that is, the combination of the dimensions support and control).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, we should not rule out that the link between parenting and delinquency may also be due to the impact of delinquency on parenting.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Gaps in Research
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present meta-analysis, however, shows that it is worthwhile to compare studies on fathers with studies on mothers and their children.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Gaps in Research
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, parents not only influence their children, but children also influence their parents (Crouter and Booth 2003; Granic 2000; Holden 1997).”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Gaps in Research
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even though the included longitudinal studies showed that poorer parenting practices preceded delinquent behavior, a bidirectional view on parent–child relations cannot be rejected as we do not know whether the child-rearing characteristics had been influenced by earlier delinquency or other problem behaviors of the child.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion > Gaps in Research
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Males engage in more delinquent behavior than females.
“Males are more involved in delinquent behavior than females.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The quality of unpublished studies is questionable because they have not undergone peer review.
“because the quality of unpublished studies is questioned because they have not gone through peer review”
The paper relies on this without support.
Assessing study quality appropriately is complicated and often problematic.
“assessing the quality of a study appropriately is complicated and often problematic”
The paper relies on this without support.
The quality of retrospective studies is often questioned.
“Given that the study quality of retrospective studies is often questioned we conducted several analyses in order to investigate the potential influence of these studies.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Boys are more often delinquent than girls.
“Given the lack of studies that investigate fathers and that boys are more often delinquent than girls, there appears to be a serious gap in research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Also, the findings on inadequate parenting and the delayed moral reasoning of the juvenile offenders in this study concur with findings of previous research (Hoeve et al., 2009; Stams et al., 2006).”
From The care of Filipino juvenile offenders in residential facilities evaluated using the risk-need-responsivity model (2016) · cites this paper as Hoeve et al., 2009
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“they provide convincing evidence for a significant relationship between harsh, hostile, rejecting, controlling, and neglectful parenting with delinquency”
From A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH (2014) · cites this paper as Hoeve et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“Our findings with regard to parental control do, however, not concur with our meta-analytic results on the link between parenting and delinquency, as we found moderate mean effect sizes for several types of parental control, including poor parental supervision (r = 0.23), and psychological control (r = 0.23; Hoeve et al. 2009).”
From A Meta-analysis of Attachment to Parents and Delinquency (2012) · cites this paper as Hoeve et al. 2009
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- ConsistentQ(5) = 13.7reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .018
“Q(5) = 13.7, p < .05”
- ConsistentQ(3) = 8.8reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .032
“Q(3) = 8.8, p < .05”
- ConsistentQ(1) = 0.03reported p > .1 · recomputed p = .862
“Q(1) = 0.03, p > .10”
- ConsistentQ(1) = 1reported p > .1 · recomputed p = .317
“Q(1) = 1.0, p > .10”
- ConsistentQ(1) = 4.3reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .038
“Qb(1) = 4.30, p < .05”
- ConsistentQ(4) = 15.3reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .004
“Qb(4) = 15.3, p < .01”
- ConsistentQ(4) = 7.2reported p > .05 · recomputed p = .126
“Qb(4) = 7.2, p > .05”
- ConsistentQ(2) = 3.5reported p > .05 · recomputed p = .174
“Qb(2) = 3.5, p > .05”
- ConsistentQ(2) = 0.7reported p > .1 · recomputed p = .705
“Q(2) = 0.7, p > .10”
- Consistentz = -2.05reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .040
“(z = −2.05, p < .05”
- Consistentz = 2.36reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .018
“(z = 2.36, p < .05”
- Consistentz = -1.9reported p < .06 · recomputed p = .057
“(z = −1.90, p < .06”
- Consistentz = -2.28reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .023
“(z = −2.28, p < .05”
- Consistentz = -1.72reported p < .1 · recomputed p = .085
“(z = −1.72, p < .10”
- Consistentz = 1.68reported p < .1 · recomputed p = .093
“(z = 1.68, p < .10”
- Consistentz = 2.76reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .006
“(z = 2.76, p < .01”
- Consistentz = 1.92reported p < .1 · recomputed p = .055
“(z = 1.92, p < .10”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Discussion
“For example, the number of items in parenting and delinquency questionnaires did moderate the parenting–delinquency link.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Moderator Analyses
“Publication status and number of parenting items did not moderate the effect size.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Method > File Drawer Problem
“sample size (35–6,751)”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Description of Studies
“The sample sizes were quite varied, ranging from 34 to 18,260, with most between 200 and 500.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“The designs were most frequently cross-sectional (88 studies). Only four studies used a retrospective design, and 35 studies were longitudinal.”
§ The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis > Results > Description of Studies
Reported 119 · recomputed 127
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,882
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
From dissertation abstracts international
(1974) · ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics · doi:10.1145/988616.988619 · Cited by 12,208
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990) · doi:10.1515/9781503621794 · Cited by 10,127
Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy
Moffitt, T. E. (1993) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.4.674 · Cited by 9,987 · cited 1×
“These negative child-parent transactions increase the risk of setting a child off on a delinquent path that starts in the early teens, entails many delinquent acts and persists far into adulthood (Moffitt 1993; Patterson and Yoerger 2002).”
Background(2000) · Cited by 9,198
The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.
Rosenthal, R. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 · Cited by 9,068
Parenting style as context: An integrative model.
Darling, N. E., & Steinberg, L. D. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487 · Cited by 5,331 · cited 2×
“Parenting styles are configurations of attitudes and behaviors of parents towards their child and create a context or a climate for the parent’s behavior and is displayed across many different situations (Darling and Steinberg 1993).”
BackgroundMethod
Research works printed but not linked: 16
- *Adams, J. B. (2001). Self-control as a mediator for the effects of parental bonding, prosocial behavioral training and psychological autonomy on adolescent delinquency. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62(4 A), 1595 (UMI No. 3013141).
- *Cook, E. T. (1996). Risk and protective factors in adolescent problem behaviors. Dissertation Abstracts International, 57, 4742 (Doctoral dissertation, University of Washington, 1996).
- *Criss, M. M. (2002). How parents find out about their teenagers’ activities: Validating an observational measure of monitoring as dyadic process. Dissertation Abstracts International, 63(2 B), 1086 (UMI No. 3043993).
- *Dekkers, M. E. (1998). Losbandig gezin, losbandige tieners? Een onderzoek naar de invloed van gezinscohesie op risicogedrag van adolescenten. Unpublished Master’s thesis, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- *Dekovic, M., Janssens, J. M. A. M., & Van As, N. M. C. (2001). Gezinsfactoren en het gebruik van ernstig geweld [Family factors and serious violence]. In R. Loeber, N. W. Slot, & J. A. Sergeant (Eds.), Ernstige en gewelddadige jeugdcriminaliteit: Omvang, oorzaken en interventies [Serious and violent delinquency: Prevalence, causes, and interventions] (pp. 225–244). Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.
- *Gersao, E., & Lisboa, M. (1994). The self-report delinquency study in Portugal. In J. Junger-Tas, G. J. Terlouw, & M. W. Klein (Eds.), Delinquent behavior among young people in the Western world (pp. 212–237). Amsterdam: Kugler.
- *Giever, D. M. (1996). An empirical assessment of the core elements of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of Crime. Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 56(10), 4155–A (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 1996).
- *Hooper, R. M. (1989). The etiological significance of morphology, arousal reduction and parent effectiveness to criminality. Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 49(8), 2400–A (Doctoral dissertation, New York University, 1989).
- *Juras, J. L. (2004). Integrating models of risk and protection for the prevention of adolescent delinquency. Dissertation Abstracts International, 65(4 B), 2126 (UMI No. 3129497).
- *Kupanoff, K. M. (2002). Adolescent behavioral autonomy as a moderator between parenting practices and adolescent delinquency. Dissertation Abstracts International, 63(5 B), 2621 (UMI No. 3054634).
- *Peterson, D. (2002). “Don’t forget the women”: A multi-level analysis of individual and contextual effects on girls’ and boys’ delinquency. Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 63(3), 1140–A (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nebraska, 2002).
- Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (2001b). Understanding variablility in lives through time: Contributions of life-course criminology. In A. Piquero, & P. Mazerolle (Eds.), Life-course criminology: Contemporary and classic readings (pp. 242–258). Toronto: Wadsworth.
- *Skinner, K. B. (2000). Associations between parenting, acculturation, and adolescent functioning among Chinese families in North America. Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 61(2), 784–A (Doctoral dissertation, Brigham Young University, 2000).
- *Terlouw, G.-J., & Bruinsma, G. J. N. (1994). Self-reported delinquency in the Netherlands. In J. Junger-Tas, G.-J. Terlouw, & M. W. Klein (Eds.), Delinquent behavior among young people in the Western world. Amsterdam: Kugler.
- *Wilson, H. (1980). Parents can cut the crime rate. New Society, 54(942), 456–458.
- *Windham, A. M. (2003). Pathways to problem drug use: The role of early maternal nurturing. Dissertation Abstracts International, 63(10 B), 4632 (UMI No. 3068230).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,355
Rice, H. M., Musil, C. M., Kretschmar, J. M., & Warner, C. B. (2018) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.11.115 · Cited by 2
“Parents who invest into their child’s life, remain informed, supportive, and structure the adolescent’s environment report observing fewer delinquent behaviors (Fosco et al., 2012; Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundHussin, Z., & Ahmad, S. R. (2021) · International Journal of Criminology and Sociology · doi:10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.93 · Cited by 2
Choi, J., Lee, S. Z., & Dittmann, L. (2022) · International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence and Cybercrime · doi:10.52306/romw4216 · Cited by 2
Examining parental control, parent-adolescent relationship, delinquency, and criminal behavior
Harris‐McKoy, D. (2013) · Cited by 2
Evaluation of a Parent‐Based Intervention for At‐Risk Adolescents
Doumas, D. M., King, M., Stallworth, C., Peterson, P. E., & Lundquist, A. (2015) · Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling · doi:10.1002/jaoc.12004 · Cited by 2
“Similarly, results of a meta-analysis suggested that among parental factors related to adolescent delinquency, parental monitoring, psychological control, rejection, and hostility were the most significant predictors of delinquent behavior (Hoeve et al., 2009).”
ResultAre Parental Attitudes Related to Adolescent Juvenile Offenders’ Readiness to Change?
Snyder, B. D. H., Glaser, B. A., & Calhoun, G. B. (2014) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x13517665 · Cited by 2
“Parenting dimensions and typology have been studied within the parenting literature, as it relates to delinquency, but are considered distinct theoretical constructs (Darling & Steinberg, 1993; Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundDe relatie tussen verslavingsproblematiek en delinquentie bij jongeren
Rigter, H. (2009) · Verslaving · doi:10.1007/bf03081443 · Cited by 2
Female Juvenile Violent Behavior: Bonding Systems and Other Mediating Constructs
Noyori‐Corbett, C., & Sharma, Y. (2015) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-015-0398-0 · Cited by 2
Elterliches Erziehungshandeln im Geschlechtervergleich
Baier, D., & Pfeiffer, C. (2014) · Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG eBooks · doi:10.5771/9783845258560_113 · Cited by 2
“Dass die Zuwendung und das elterliche Monitoring vor kindlichem Fehlverhalten schützen, belegen verschiedene Studien (Baier, 2008; Baier et al., 2013; Leschied, Chiodo, Nowicki & Rodger, 2008; Hoeve et al., 2009).”
Life-Course Development and Crime: An Introduction
Piquero, A. R., Jennings, W. G., & Reingle, J. M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44124-5_9 · Cited by 2
Conduct Disorders and Substance Use Problems in Rural School Settings
Zajac, K., Andrews, A. R., & Sheidow, A. J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64735-7_12 · Cited by 2
De daling in jeugddelinquentie: minder risico, meer bescherming?
van der Laan, A. M., Rokven, J. J., Weijters, G., & Beerthuizen, M. G. C. J. (2018) · Tijdschrift voor Criminologie · doi:10.5553/tvc/0165182x2018060001002 · Cited by 2
De moeder als facilitator van intergenerationele overdracht binnen de georganiseerde misdaad
van Dijk, M., Kleemans, E. R., & Eichelsheim, V. I. (2019) · Tijdschrift voor Criminologie · doi:10.5553/tvc/0165182x2019061002005 · Cited by 2
Self-citationSuh, G. W. (2019) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2019.1658087 · Cited by 2
“Behavioural control parenting, in contrast – such as monitoring or setting rules – is related to children’s positive adjustment (Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialParenting Adolescents in an Increasingly Diverse World: Links to Adolescents’ Psychopathology
Seiffge‐Krenke, I. (2020) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2020.116057 · Cited by 3
Izquierdo-Sotorrío, E., Carrasco, M. Á., & Tello, F. P. H. (2020) · Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica · doi:10.5944/rppc.26961 · Cited by 2
“Estos resultados están parcialmente apoyados por estudios previos que indican que las conductas de crianza paternas contribuyen de manera más relevante al ajuste psicológico de hijos e hijas que el de las madres (Hoeve et al., 2009; Miranda et al., 2016; Rothenberg et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMotor difficulties in young people who offend
McPhillips, M., Taylor, B., & Hanna, D. (2021) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104062 · Cited by 4
Risk Assessment and Post-Release Recidivism in a Sample of Juvenile Homicide Offenders
Hubbell, J. T., Heide, K. M., & Khachatryan, N. (2021) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x211049203 · Cited by 2
“A meta-analysis by Hoeve et al. (2009) examined the effect of parenting on juvenile delinquency and found similar results; poor relationships with fathers produce a greater risk for delinquency than poor relationships with mothers.”
ResultPoor Parenting on Underage Drinking Through Frustration and Impulsivity
Baek, H., Lee, S., & Posadas, C. E. (2022) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287211064789 · Cited by 2
“For examining the presentation of negative stimuli, numerous studies have used various types of ineffective parenting (e.g., poor parenting, parental rejection, and indifference, see Agnew, 2007; Baek et al., 2018; Hoeve et al., 2009; Tyler et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMehus, C. J., Patrick, M. E., Schulenberg, J. E., et al. (2022) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.01.001 · Cited by 2
Family and Adoption Studies of Substance Use
Stallings, M. C., Kent, K. R., & Frieser, M. J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95350-8_5 · Cited by 3
Do Parental Monitoring Habits Change in Response to Juvenile Recidivism?
Cavanagh, C., Dalzell, E., LaBerge, A., et al. (2022) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1530-353520220000020002 · Cited by 2
The Role of Negative Parental Influences and Criminal Thinking in Juvenile Offending Behaviors
Humphrey, B., Edwards, B. D., & Pealer, J. A. (2022) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x221132998 · Cited by 2
“…their non-offending peers to experience characteristics of authoritarian and permissive parenting styles, especially neglect and abuse, low warmth, low monitoring, hostility, and rejection (Chipman et al., 2000; Haapasalo, 2001; Hoeve et al., 2009; Palmer & Gough, 2007; Williams & Steinberg, 2011).”
Klanjšek, R., Vazsonyi, A. T., & Javakhishvili, M. (2023) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2023.2171849 · Cited by 2
Intellectual Structure of Parenting Style Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
Arora, R. (2023) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440231167843 · Cited by 2
“Finally, there is an effort toward assessing the adverse socialization outcomes within the sub-group by some works, for example, Hoeve et al. (2009), Radziszewska et al. (1996), and Querido et al. (2002).”
BackgroundWirkus, Ł. (2024) · Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0054.4435 · Cited by 2
Axford, N., Warner, G., Hobbs, T., Heilmann, S., Raja, A., Berry, V., Ukoumunne, O. C., Matthews, J., Eames, T., Kallitsoglou, A., et al. (2018) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-018-0214-7 · Cited by 2
“haviour can be predicted in childhood [1] and parenting, particularly poor parental monitoring, psychological control and negative aspects of support such as rejection and hostility, has been linked to delinquency [2].”
BackgroundVanderPyl, T. (2018) · Juvenile and Family Court Journal · doi:10.1111/jfcj.12117 · Cited by 2
Do Specific Combinations of Parent–Child Relationships Predict Moral Values?
Grégoire, J., & Pauwels, L. J. R. (2019) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2019.1627018 · Cited by 3
“Indeed, beyond attachment, in later childhood, the development of delinquent behavior has been 4The discussion between scholars on this topic is confused by different conceptions of causes or mechanisms (Wikström 2007). linked to other aspects of parenting (Hoeve et al. 2009).”
BackgroundPsychological adjustment in children and teenagers living with HIV
Sánchez-Villegas, M., Reyes-Ruíz, L., & Trejos-Herrera, A. M. (2020) · TEMPUS PSICOLÓGICO · doi:10.30554/tempuspsi.3.2.3417.2020 · Cited by 2
Risk taking behaviour among urban and rural adolescents in two selected districts in Malaysia
Azmawati, M. N., Hazariah, A. H. S. B., Shamsul Azhar, S., Ahmad, N., Azimatun, N. A., & Hod, R. (2015) · South African Family Practice · doi:10.4102/safp.v57i3.4049 · Cited by 2
Choi, J., Lee, S. Z., & Dittmann, L. (2022) · International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence and Cybercrime · doi:10.52306/2578-3289.1119 · Cited by 2
Dib, M. A. (2012) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.59.2012.tde-18122012-165136 · Cited by 2
Menting, A. T. A. (2012) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 2
Comportamento social na adolescência: as normas e a rotina na regulação da conduta delituosa
Alves, F. M. (2016) · doi:10.11606/d.59.2016.tde-11052016-104347 · Cited by 2
O desenvolvimento do comportamento violento na adolescência
Komatsu, A. V. (2019) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.59.2019.tde-16072019-155435 · Cited by 3
Eaton, N. R., & Urban, C. J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32132-5_262-2 · Cited by 2
Thomas, S. A., Deros, D. E., Jain, A., et al. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xfj48 · Cited by 2
Kalelioğlu, R. E., Yalçın, M., & Arkar, H. (2022) · Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi / Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.4274/tjcamh.galenos.2021.64935 · Cited by 1
Montolío, M. J. P., Bakieva, M., Gaite, S. O., et al. (2022) · Revista Complutense de Educación · doi:10.5209/rced.74428 · Cited by 1
Campbell, C., Clark, B., Papp, J., Kiki, E., Miller, W. T., Guiterrez, L., Boateng, F. D., & Crusto, C. A. (2023) · Journal of Offender Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/10509674.2023.2261914 · Cited by 1
“A meta-analysis by Hoeve et al. (2009) indicated that parental monitoring, psychological control, and lack of support (i.e., neglect, hostility, and rejection) are strongly associated with delinquency (Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundKarababa, A. (2024) · Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services · doi:10.1177/10443894231217764 · Cited by 1
“…including risky behaviors (Lippold et al., 2018), suicidality (Connor & Rueter, 2006), substance use (Robillard et al., 2022), delinquency (Hoeve et al., 2009), maladaptive symptoms and behaviors (Miranda et al., 2016), psychological disorders (Dwairy, 2010), and psychopathic behaviors…”
Uye, E. E., Ezeh, P. N., & Olapegba, P. O. (2024) · Philippine Social Science Journal · doi:10.52006/main.v6i3.780 · Cited by 1
Hardie, B. (2024) · Theory and Society · doi:10.1007/s11186-024-09557-4 · Cited by 1
“…and knowledge have often been heavily associated with a range of adolescent risk behaviours (for a list, see Omer et al., 2016) including anti-social behavioural outcomes such as crime (Farrington, 2010; Hardie, 2021a; Hoeve et al., 2009; Laird et al., 2003a; Pagani, 2009; Steinberg & Silk, 2002).”
Chou, C. P. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21091207 · Cited by 1
Assessing the Efficacy of a Family-Based Juvenile Court Intervention
Chlebuch, N., LaBerge, A., Parker, J. M., & Cavanagh, C. (2025) · Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice · doi:10.1177/10439862251332822 · Cited by 1
“Although the importance of parenting on youth offending may fluctuate across the life cycle (Hoeve et al., 2009), parents and family functioning seem to be critical components to understanding youth behavior.”
Guo, X., Yi, X., & Dong, X. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119482 · Cited by 1
Callous–Unemotional Traits and Gun Violence: The Unique Role of Maternal Hostility
Thomson, N. D., Kjærvik, S. L., Zacharaki, G., Gresham, A. M., Dick, D. M., & Fanti, K. A. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12060775 · Cited by 1
Crespo-López, M. A., & Koning, I. M. (2025) · Journal of Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-025-00867-6 · Cited by 1
“…a specific form of peer influence, refers to the subjective or actual experience of being encouraged or compelled by peers to act in accordance with certain guidelines of the peer group (Santor et al., 2000), and can negatively impact well-being (Hoeve et al., 2009; McMillan et al., 2018).”
Wiping the slate clean: A meta-analysis of post-detention aftercare programs for young offenders
Selimi, R., Roest, J. J., Stams, G. J. J. M., Hoebrechts, T., van de Graaf, E., Janssen, S. W. C. M., Snijder, M., Llullaku, N., van der Helm, P. G., Staaks, J. P. C., et al. (2025) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102640 · Cited by 4
The Influence of The Family on the Development of a Criminal Personality
Bjelajac, Ž. Đ., Dragojlović, J., & Krstinić, D. (2025) · International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science Engineering and Education · doi:10.23947/2334-8496-2025-13-2-515-529 · Cited by 1
Childhood Adversities and Juvenile Justice Involvement in Taiwan: A Case-Control Study
Chang, Y. W., Chang, H., Chang, Y., Wang, J., & Feng, J. (2025) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-025-03147-3 · Cited by 1
“However, the role and path of paternal versus maternal education levels on children ’ s behaviors remains inclusive (Chal fi n & Deza, 2019; Hoeve et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2020).”
Joussemet, M., Mageau, G. A., Larose, M., Robichaud, J., Dufour, S., Vitaro, F., & Koestner, R. (2025) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.70081 · Cited by 1
“Nonetheless, an additional reason may rest in universal parenting programs' content, as they rarely cover all aspects of the parenting style shown to be strongly related to child mental health (Hoeve et al. 2009; Luyckx et al. 2011; Masten and Shaffer 2006; Yap and Jorm 2015).”
Zhou, M., Zhu, D., Guo, S., Zheng, M., & Dang, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1620464 · Cited by 1
“While temperament is innate and plays a significant role in psycho-behavioral development, parenting style—a key environmental factor—also critically influences behavioral outcomes in young children (Alizadeh et al., 2011; Hoeve et al., 2009; Hosokawa and Katsura, 2019; Sumargi et al., 2020).”
Chau, V., Eapen, V., Hawkins, E., & Kohlhoff, J. R. (2025) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-025-09918-9 · Cited by 1
“Whilst the research appears to emphasize unique role of fathers in antisocial/delinquent behaviours (Hoeve et al., 2009), it is unclear how paternal and maternal representations, and PRF may interact differently with early child temperament and child CU traits.”
Olseth, A. R., Bjørnebekk, G., Keleş, S., & Hagen, K. A. (2026) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-026-01025-4 · Cited by 1
“…poor parental attachment is associated with increased youth delinquency [17], whereas youths who experience supportive parenting, characterized by acceptance, warmth, trust, open communication, and the absence of hostility and rejection, are less likely to engage in delinquent behavior [16].”
Fung, A., & Liu, H.-Y. (2026) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc16020062
“Meta-analytic results also observe that the predictive value of paternal monitoring on delinquent behavior is usually better than that of mothers [48].”
Future Directions in the Science and Practice of Parental Monitoring
Pelham, W. E., Chitty, T. C., Dontha, M., Aks, I. R., Racz, S. J., Schulze, E. M., & Kemp, E. C. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2026.2640951 · Cited by 1
“…there now exists a meta-analysis or systematic review linking greater monitoring to better outcomes in at least 11 domains: delinquent behavior (Hoeve et al., 2009), criminal offending (Flanagan et al., 2019), alcohol use (Yap et al., 2017), cannabis use (Lac & Crano, 2009), cigarette smoking…”
Parenting and Self-Control: Can the General Theory of Crime Explain Juvenile Offending in Brazil?
Schiavone, A. B. D. P., Komatsu, A. V., Costa, R. C. S., & Bazon, M. R. (2026) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287261434499 · Cited by 1
“These findings align with previous studies showing a negative association between parental monitoring and both offending and violent behavior (e. g. Fontaine et al., 2016; Hoeve et al., 2009; Merrin et al., 2018).”
Zhang, T., Kim, S. Y., Baines, K., et al. (2026) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.70222 · Cited by 1
“An important issue that has not been adequately explored is whether the association between parental knowledge and depressive symptoms is more likely to emerge at specific ages during adolescence (Hoeve et al. 2009).”
Brempong, P. N. A., Eduaful, S., Frimpong‐Manso, K., & Afram, P. (2026) · Child & Youth Services · doi:10.1080/0145935x.2026.2725210 · Cited by 1
Medina, R. S., & Montijo, S. R. (2014) · Acta de Investigación Psicológica · doi:10.1016/s2007-4719(14)70383-7 · Cited by 1
The lived experiences of single mothers in Swaziland of their son's aggressive behaviour
Poggenpoel, M., Myburgh, C. P. H., & Simelane, R. J. (2014) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2014.903077 · Cited by 1
“It is also observed that adolescent boys compared to adolescent girls are often more aggressive towards their mothers as being the more likely victims of this violence (Moretti, Obsuth, Odgers, & Reebye, 2006; Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundPharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine in Mood Disorders
Archer, T., Ricci, S., & Ricciardi, M. R. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-81-322-1184-6_16 · Cited by 2
Effectiviteit van Betere Start, opvoedondersteuning voor (ex-)gedetineerde moeders
Menting, A. T. A., de Castro, B. O., & Matthys, W. (2015) · Kind en adolescent · doi:10.1007/s12453-015-0089-9 · Cited by 1
“Ineffectief opvoedingsgedrag (waaronder inconsequente discipline) hangt samen met delinquent gedrag (Hoeve et al. 2009) en deze inconsequente discipline blijkt een mediërende factor te zijn in de relatie tussen psychologische klachten bij moe-ders en agressie bij kinderen, wat weer een goede…”
Hong, H., Han, Y., & Lee, D. H. (2014) · International Journal of Criminology and Sociology · doi:10.6000/1929-4409.2014.03.26 · Cited by 1
Booth, J. M., & Anthony, E. K. (2014) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-014-9931-6 · Cited by 1
“Parents are important predictors of adolescent delinquent behavior, with higher levels of parental monitoring, parental attachment and parental involvement acting as protective factors against delinquency and substance use (Deutsch et al. 2012; Hoeve et al. 2009).”
BackgroundRecidivism after a Treatment in a Disciplinary Centre for Juveniles
Kovačević, R., Suljagic, S., Ljuca, D., et al. (2014) · Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation · doi:10.2478/jser-2014-0010 · Cited by 1
“supervision and the parent–child involvement (32).”
Competencia parental y necesidades criminógenas en una muestra de menores infractores
Dopico, B., & Luís, J. (2012) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 1
Gene-Environment Interplay and Prosocial Behavior An Analysis of Parent-Child Relationships
Meek, S. E. (2013) · Cited by 1
Farineau, H. M. (2013) · Cited by 1
Parenting Styles vs. Mass Media: What Has a Bigger Impact on a Childs Behavior?
Palmer, A., Davis, S., & Hayes, T. (2014) · The Eagle Feather · doi:10.12794/tef.2014.318 · Cited by 1
Page, N., Sivarajasingam, V., Jones, S., et al. (2017) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdx073 · Cited by 1
“Lastly, inconsistent discipline, permissiveness, and verbal aggression have been identified as parenting styles which increase risk of adolescent delinquency, while parental monitoring, rule setting, and open communication are strong protective factors.(10)”
Backgroundde Psicología, R., Cunha, C. D. R. E., Soares, M., Veríssimo, L., & Matos, R. (2015) · Cited by 1
A perpetração dos comportamentos antissociais em jovens cabo-verdianos: um estudo preditivo
Dias, J., Formiga, N., Gonçalves, R. A., Cunha, O. S., & Conde, A. R. (2017) · Actualidades en Psicología · doi:10.15517/ap.v31i123.27704 · Cited by 2
The burden of child maltreatment in China
Fang, X., Fry, D. A., Ji, K., David Finkelhor, B., Chen, J., Lannen, P., & Dunne, M. P. (2016) · Cited by 1
When They See Us: An Unshaken History of Racism in America
Hamilton, J. C., & Roy, D. R. (2020) · Journal of Family Theory & Review · doi:10.1111/jftr.12360 · Cited by 1
Kontu, M., Hakko, H. H., Riala, K., & Riipinen, P. K. (2020) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-020-00708-2 · Cited by 1
“Earlier literature suggests that low quality father-child relationships (Bronte-Tinkew et al. 2006; Hoeve et al. 2009) and paternal absence (Harper and McLanahan 2006) may increase an offspring’s risk of delinquency.”
BackgroundHill, J. M., & BLOKLAND, A. A. J. (2020) · Tijdschrift voor Criminologie · doi:10.5553/tvc/0165182x2020062203007 · Cited by 1
Delinquent Behavior Among Youthful Offenders. A Study On Community Service Order Program, Malaysia
Suhaimi, S., Nasyrah, A., Khairiyah, M. S., et al. (2020) · doi:10.4108/eai.4-8-2020.2302525 · Cited by 1
Rees, C., & Winfree, L. T. (2021) · European Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/1477370820988829 · Cited by 2
Experienced racism, attachment and the risk of offending among Dutch Caribbean women
Joosen, K. J., & Slotboom, A.-M. (2021) · Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice · doi:10.1080/15377938.2021.1907826 · Cited by 1
“Poor parenting is seen as the root cause for a lack of—or insecure—attachments and an increased risk for offending (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990; Hoeve et al., 2009).”
BackgroundHungarian Version of the Family Relationship Questionnaire (FRQ)
Kovács, D. C., Mészáros, V., Tanyi, Z., Jakubovits, E., Smohai, M., Hübner, A., Wang, W., & Kövi, Z. (2021) · Interpersona An International Journal on Personal Relationships · doi:10.5964/ijpr.4609 · Cited by 1
“There are scientists who consider genetics as the determining factor (Rowe, 1994), however some recent results outlined the central role of parental rearing in psychological and mental development (Hoeve et al., 2009; Lung, Huang, Shu, & Lee, 2004; Sarıtaş, Grusec, & Gençöz, 2013).”
BackgroundSex Differences in Inmates: Anger, Sensitivity to Provocation and Family History of Imprisonment
Bodecka-Zych, M., Zajenkowska, A. M., & Russa, M. B. (2021) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x211049189 · Cited by 1
“Indeed, fathers may play a critical role in shaping the trajectories for children of both genders: Hoeve et al. (2009), provide evidence that poor paternal support is more strongly related to child criminality than poor maternal support.”
BackgroundChow, H. P. H. (2021) · Journal of Penal Law and Criminology / Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi · doi:10.26650/jplc2021-930301 · Cited by 1
SUÇA SÜRÜKLENEN ÇOCUKLAR VE ÇOCUK SUÇLARININ KRİMİNAL AÇIDAN İNCELENMESİ
ALTINSOY, E., & Ali, K. A. R. A. (2022) · Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.28956/gbd.1050388 · Cited by 2
Jokhio, F., & Parveen, N. (2022) · Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) · doi:10.51872/prjah.vol4.iss2.225 · Cited by 1
Lombe, M., Newransky, C., Nebbitt, V. E., Amano, T., Yu, M., Enelamah, N. V., Chu, Y., & Walden, N. (2023) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12870 · Cited by 1
Mambra, A. J. K., & Kotian, S. (2023) · International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research · doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i05.7078 · Cited by 1
Who’s Keeping an Eye on the Kids? Changes in Monitoring During Emerging Adulthood
Hill, J. M., & BLOKLAND, A. A. J. (2023) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x231219219 · Cited by 1
“Research shows that parental monitoring is negatively correlated with delinquent behavior in adolescents (e.g., Hoeve et al., 2009; Keijsers et al., 2010; Pinquart, 2017).”
Testing Key Concepts of Three Delinquency Theories in a Multi-National Sample of Adolescents
Marshall, I. H., Kokkalera, S. S., & Marshall, C. (2024) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2024.2326820 · Cited by 1
Pengaruh Pola Asuh Otoriter terhadap Kecerdasan Emosi Remaja di Kota Bandung
Septyawati, I. D., & Aslamawati, Y. (2024) · Bandung Conference Series Psychology Science · doi:10.29313/bcsps.v4i1.10064 · Cited by 1
Lei, M.-K., & Beach, S. (2024) · Justice quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418825.2024.2332372
“A meta-analysis of these studies indicated that parenting is perhaps one of the most critical factors protecting adolescents from various risk factors (e.g. Hoeve et al., 2009).”
Cavanagh, C., LaBerge, A., Dalzell, E., & Cauffman, E. E. (2024) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287241249739 · Cited by 1
“…mothers were sampled because 84.6% of Crossroads youth listed a female as their primary guardian rather than a male, in line with meta-analytic research suggesting that mothers of justice-involved youth are more likely to be present in their children’s lives than fathers (see Hoeve et al., 2009).”
InfluentialSalihovic, S., Zhao, X., & Glatz, T. (2024) · Youth · doi:10.3390/youth4040089 · Cited by 1
Kuusela, K. L., Raaska, H. K., Elovainio, M. J., Heikkilä, A., Hakulinen, C. A., Flykt, M. S., & Lapinleimu, H. (2024) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-024-01769-0 · Cited by 2
“Structuring has been connected to better socioemotional development in inter-nationally adopted children [17, 18] and furthermore, several aspects of parental hostility have been associated with predicting child psychopathology in non-adopted children [60, 61].”
Xie, Y., He, T., Hinshaw, S. P., Chi, P., & Lin, X. (2024) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-024-01270-1 · Cited by 1
“However, there are also meta-analyses indicating that fathers’ negative parenting practices might have a much greater impact on children’s behavioral problems than mothers’, such as ODD symptoms (Hoeve et al., 2009).”
Jang, S., Song, H., & Kim, J. (2024) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2024.2431063 · Cited by 1
“Family-level support, especially parents’ emotional and expressive support, is one type of social support that diminishes youths’ deviant behaviors (Barnes and Farrell 1992; Hoeve et al. 2009; Wright and Cullen 2001).”
Cheng, N., Li, C., Wang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108057 · Cited by 1
Smith, C. D., Beardslee, J., Frick, P. J., Steinberg, L. D., & Cauffman, E. E. (2025) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287241311249 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Hoeve, M., Dubas, J. S., Eichelsheim, V. I., van der Laan, P. H., Smeenk, W., & Gerris, J. R. M.
- Affiliations
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NL)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Hoeve, Machteld
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2009-03-05
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 749-775
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- PMC
- PMC2708328
- OpenAlex
- W2060821273
- Cited by
- 1,358
- References
- 276
- Citations by year
- 2026: 68 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 132 · 2018: 102 · 2017: 115 · 2016: 91 · 2015: 96 · 2014: 86 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 49
- FWCI
- 19.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
- Keywords
- parenting, juvenile delinquency, parental supervision, psychological control, parental rejection, parental hostility, parental warmth, parenting support, parenting styles, father involvement, gender differences, child age, informant effects
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Authoritarianism, Child, Child Rearing, Female, Hostility, Humans, Internal-External Control, Juvenile Delinquency, Male, Middle Aged, Parent-Child Relations, Rejection, Psychology, Social Support, Parenting, Sex Distribution, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
