Cited by 162Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Social Anxiety Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation in a Clinical Sample of Early Adolescents: Examining Loneliness and Social Support as Longitudinal Mediators

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Gallagher, Michelle, Prinstein, Mitchell J., Simon, Valerie, Spirito, Anthony·2014·Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology

DOI 10.1007/s10802-013-9844-7PMC PMC5496444

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Abstract

Recent research has shown that social anxiety may be related to increased risk for suicidal ideation in teens, although this research largely has been cross-sectional and has not examined potential mediators of this relationship. A clinical sample of 144 early adolescents (72 % female; 12-15 years old) was assessed during psychiatric inpatient hospitalization and followed up at 9 and 18 months post-baseline. Symptoms of social anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, loneliness, and perceived social support were assessed via structured interviews and self-report instruments. Structural equation modeling revealed a significant direct relationship between social anxiety symptoms at baseline and suicidal ideation at 18 months post-baseline, even after controlling for baseline depressive symptoms and ideation. A second multiple mediation model revealed that baseline social anxiety had a significant indirect effect on suicidal ideation at 18 months post-baseline through loneliness at 9 months post-baseline. Social anxiety did not have a significant indirect effect on suicidal ideation through perceived social support from either parents or close friends. Findings suggest that loneliness may be particularly implicated in the relationship between social anxiety and suicidality in teens. Clinicians should assess and address feelings of loneliness when treating socially anxious adolescents.

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Evidence for Specific Associations Between Depressive Symptoms, Psychotic Experiences, and Suicidal Ideation in Chilean Adolescents From the General Population
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“Overall, our findings highlight the need of further research examining the prominent role of loneliness and its relationships with social anxiety and PE, which are regarded as potential predictors of suicidal behavior (75) in school-based sample of adolescents (76), early adolescent patients (77), and young adults wit…”
Background
Examining relationships between psychotic experiences and suicidal ideation in adolescents using a network approach
Núñez, D. E., Fresno, A., van Borkulo, C. D., Courtet, P., Arias, V. B., Garrido, V. V., & Wigman, J. T. W. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.020 · Cited by 23
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“2001), suicide (Davidson et al. 2011; Gallagher et al. 2014), substance abuse (Buckner et al.”
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Social Anxiety and Subjective Quality of Life Among Chinese Left-Behind Children: The Mediating Role of Social Support
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“Notably, although the differences were only statistically significant at Time 5, the frequencies of suicidal ideation were higher at each time point among youth in the moderate with predominant loneliness and depressive symptoms group than those in the congruent-high group, which may reflect that loneliness and depres…”
BackgroundResult
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“…(Kessler et al., 2005) and is associated with multiple adverse outcomes during adolescence, such as poorer social functioning (Chiu et al., 2021), poorer academic performance (Leigh et al., 2021a), suicidal ideation (Gallagher et al., 2014), and depressive symptoms (Hamilton et al., 2016).”
Influential
Social Anxiety in 15–19 Year Adolescents in Association with Their Subjective Evaluation of Mental and Physical Health
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Attachment, loneliness, and social connection as prospective predictors of suicidal ideation during the COVID ‐19 pandemic: A relational diathesis‐stress experience sampling study
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Cultural Dimensions Moderate the Association between Loneliness and Mental Health during Adolescence and Younger Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Trajectories of Loneliness During Adolescence Predict Subsequent Symptoms of Depression and Positive Wellbeing
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“Loneliness in adolescence is a known risk factor for anxiety (Maes et al., 2019), depression (Fontaine et al., 2009; Lasgaard et al., 2011), suicidal ideation (Gallagher et al., 2014) and diminished positive mental health (Lyyra et al., 2021).”
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An examination of the association between risky sexual behaviors and suicidal behaviors among adolescents: Findings from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey
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“Two studies using non-representative samples reported an association between loneliness and suicidal ideation in the US (Gallagher et al., 2014; Schinka et al., 2013) contrasting with non-representative studies reporting no association with suicidal ideation or suicide attempt in the US (Fulginiti…”
Social anxiety and suicidal ideation among middle-school students in China: a mediation model of internet addiction
Tan, Y., Deng, J., Zhang, D., Peng, C., & Peng, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1337577 · Cited by 14
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“Loneliness is considered a significant contributor to adolescent suicidality [4,5], and mental illnesses such as depression [4,6] and self-harm [7].”
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Risk profile of young people admitted to hospital for suicidal behaviour in Melbourne, Australia
Borschmann, R., Stark, P., Prakash, C., & Sawyer, S. M. (2018) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.13938 · Cited by 14
Predictors of suicidal ideation in social anxiety disorder – evidence for the validity of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide
Chung, M., Forstner, A. J., Mücke, M., Geiser, F., Schumacher, J., & Conrad, R. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.017 · Cited by 14
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“…et al., 2015; Public Health England, 2015), we do know that loneliness in adolescence is a risk factor for anxiety (Maes et al., 2019), depression (Fontaine et al., 2009; Lasgaard et al., 2011), suicidal ideation (Gallagher et al., 2014) and diminished positive mental health (Lyyra et al., 2021).”
Background
Low Perceived Social Rank Increases the Impact of Mental Health Symptoms on Suicidal Ideation: Evidence among Young Adults from the Philippines
Dizon, J. I. W. T., & Mendoza, N. B. (2022) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2021.2022050 · Cited by 13
“, 2011), anxiety (Gallagher et al., 2014; Sareen et al., 2005), stress (Buitron et al.”
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The Relations Between Identity Disturbances, Borderline Features, Internalizing Disorders, and Suicidality in Inpatient Adolescents
Sekowski, M. M., Gambin, M., & Sharp, C. (2021) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2021_35_501 · Cited by 15
A cross-sectional study: Association between tobacco/alcohol usage and mental health with disabilities
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How do social networks, perception of social isolation, and loneliness affect depressive symptoms among Japanese adults?
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The existence of manual mode increases human blame for AI mistakes
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Effects of parental migration on Chinese children's mental health: mediating roles of social support from different sources
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Predictors of suicidal ideation severity among treatment-seeking young people with major depressive disorder: The role of state and trait anxiety
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“Factors such as negative social interactions (Lebowitz et al., 2019), somatisation (Lee et al., 2022) and loneliness (Gallagher et al., 2014) might play important roles and could directly inform intervention targets aimed at reducing SI.”
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Core self‐evaluations and perceived classmate support: Independent predictors of psychological adjustment
Yudes, C., Chamizo‐Nieto, M. T., Peláez-Fernández, M. Á., & Extremera, N. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.13072 · Cited by 9
“Future research testing these moderation models in control and clinical adolescent samples would be needed to examine the extent of this source of support (Gallagher, Prinstein, Simon & Spirito, 2017).”
Universal, School-Based Mental Health Program Implemented Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Youth Yields Equitable Outcomes: Building Resilience for Healthy Kids
Chandrasekhar, J. L., Bowen, A. E., Heberlein, E., Pyle, E., Studts, C. R., Simon, S. L., Shomaker, L. B., & Kaar, J. L. (2023) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-023-01090-5 · Cited by 11
“, 2019), loneliness (Gallagher et al., 2014; Zygo et al., 2019), relational conflicts (Randell et al.”
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Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents—A Transcultural Analysis
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Parallel computation of a domain decomposition method
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The effect of cyberbullying victimization, traditional bullying victimization and suicidal ideation among college students: do specific affective problems play a mediate role?
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Authors: Gallagher, M., Prinstein, M. J., Simon, V., & Spirito, A.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Wayne State University (US)
Brown University (US)
Corresponding author: Gallagher, Michelle
ORCID: Prinstein, Mitchell J.
Simon, Valerie
Spirito, Anthony
Venue: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2014-01-05
Volume: 42
Issue: 6
Pages: 871-883
ISSN: 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
1573-2835
DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9844-7
PMC: PMC5496444
OpenAlex: W2015309860
Cited by: 162
References: 72
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2
FWCI: 9.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
UNC Libraries
Funders: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH085505, R01-MH85505, R01MH059766, R01 MH 59766)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K01HD061230)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: social anxiety, suicidal ideation, loneliness, perceived social support, early adolescents, depression, psychiatric inpatients, mediation
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Loneliness, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Phobic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Social Support, Friends, Suicidal Ideation

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Social Anxiety Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation in a Clinical Sample of Early Adolescents: Examining Loneliness and Social Support as Longitudinal Mediators

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