What Are You Looking at? Joint Attention and Visual Perspective Taking in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Warreyn, Petra; Roeyers, Herbert; Oelbrandt, Tine; De Groote, Isabel

doi:10.1007/s10882-005-2201-1

Cited by 49Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentAction Observation and Synchronization

What Are You Looking at? Joint Attention and Visual Perspective Taking in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Warreyn, Petra, Roeyers, Herbert, Oelbrandt, Tine, De Groote, Isabel·2005·Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities

DOI 10.1007/s10882-005-2201-1

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s10882-005-2201-1

Cites

65 of 65 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Some subsequent studies have confirmed Leekam et al.'s (1997) result on gaze discrimination in ASD.
“Some subsequent studies have confirmed this result (Kylläinen & Hietanen, 2004;Leekam, Hunnisett, & Moore, 1998;Warreyn, Roeyers, Oelbandt, & De Groote, 2005).”
From Vision in autism spectrum disorders (2009) · cites this paper as Warreyn et al., 2005

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1943) · The Nervous child · Cited by 8,870 · see citing works
Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?
Premack, D., & Woodruff, G. (1978) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00076512 · Cited by 8,743 · see citing works
Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind” ?
Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 · Cited by 8,599 · cited 2× · see citing works
“There is quite some supportive evidence for the theory of mind ‐ hypothesis (e.g., Baron-Cohen et al., 1985, 1986 ).”
Background
Theory of mind
Frith, C., & Frith, U. (2005) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.08.041 · Cited by 3,494 · see citing works
Nebraska Symposium on Motivation
Wittenborn, J. R. (1959) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-195907000-00020 · Cited by 1,907 · see citing works
Understanding other minds: perspectives from autism
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.31-3492 · Cited by 1,651 · see citing works
Coordinating Attention to People and Objects in Mother-Infant and Peer-Infant Interaction
Bakeman, R. A., & Adamson, L. B. (1984) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129997 · Cited by 1,446 · see citing works
Early recognition of children with autism: a study of first birthday home videotapes
Osterling, J., & Dawson, G. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172225 · Cited by 1,290 · see citing works
The capacity for joint visual attention in the infant
Scaife, M., & Bruner, J. S. (1975) · Nature · doi:10.1038/253265a0 · Cited by 1,158 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Preedy, V., & Watson, R. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_5485 · Cited by 1,146 · see citing works
The amygdala theory of autism
Baron-Cohen, S., Ring, H. A., Bullmore, E. T., Wheelwright, S., Ashwin, C., & Williams, S. C. R. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00011-7 · Cited by 1,130 · see citing works
Natural Theories of Mind: Evolution, Development and Simulation of Everyday Mindreading.
Lock, A., & Whiten, A. (1992) · Man · doi:10.2307/2804075 · Cited by 1,086 · see citing works
Joint attention as social cognition.
Tomasello, M. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
Modeling a paranoid mind
Colby, K. M. (1981) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00000030 · Cited by 961 · see citing works
What minds have in common is space: Spatial mechanisms serving joint visual attention in infancy
Butterworth, G. E., & Jarrett, N. (1991) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-835x.1991.tb00862.x · Cited by 950 · see citing works
Mechanical, behavioural and Intentional understanding of picture stories in autistic children
Baron‐Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1986) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-835x.1986.tb01003.x · Cited by 806 · see citing works
A theoretical approach to the deficits in infantile autism
Rogers, S. J., & Pennington, B. F. (1991) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400000043 · Cited by 784 · see citing works
Manual for the McCarthy scales of children's abilities
McCarthy, D. (1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 757 · see citing works
Autism: Towards an Integration of Clinical, Genetic, Neuropsychological, and Neurobiological Perspectives
Bailey, A. J., Phillips, W., & Rutter, M. L. (1996) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x · Cited by 757 · see citing works
Social and pragmatic deficits in autism: Cognitive or affective?
Baron‐Cohen, S. (1988) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02212194 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
Perceptual role taking and protodeclarative pointing in autism
Baron‐Cohen, S. (1989) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-835x.1989.tb00793.x · Cited by 733 · see citing works
The infant's theory of self-propelled objects
Premack, D. (1990) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(90)90051-k · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Testing joint attention, imitation, and play as infancy precursors to language and theory of mind
Charman, T., Baron‐Cohen, S., Swettenham, J., Baird, G., Cox, A., & Drew, A. (2000) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/s0885-2014(01)00037-5 · Cited by 620 · see citing works
Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Wiznitzer, M. (1988) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.38.10.1663-d · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Early referential understanding: Infants' ability to recognize referential acts for what they are.
Baldwin, D. A. (1993) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.29.5.832 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Affective sharing in the context of joint attention interactions of normal, autistic, and mentally retarded children
Kasari, C. L., Sigman, M., Mundy, P. C., & Yirmiya, N. (1990) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02206859 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Executive Function Abilities in Autism and Tourette Syndrome: An Information Processing Approach
Ozonoff, S. J., Strayer, D. L., McMahon, W. M., & Filloux, F. M. (1994) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x · Cited by 491 · see citing works
The origins of joint visual attention in infants.
Corkum, V., & Moore, C. (1998) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.34.1.28 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Joint attention, developmental level, and symptom presentation in autism
Mundy, P., Sigman, M., & Kasari, C. L. (1994) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400006003 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
How to build a baby that can read minds: Cognitive mechanisms in mindreading.
Baron‐Cohen, S. (1994) · Cahiers De Psychologie Cognitive-current Psychology of Cognition · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Joint attention and social-emotional approach behavior in children with autism
Mundy, P. (1995) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400006349 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Early Childhood Autism
Robertson, K. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d6840 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Children's Theories of Mind
(2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315807829 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Social Understanding at the End of the First Year of Life
Moore, C. L., & Corkum, V. (1994) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1006/drev.1994.1014 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Towards a Mechanism of Joint Visual Attention in Human Infancy
Butterworth, G. E., & Cochran, E. L. (1980) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/016502548000300303 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Understanding Other Persons.
McGhee, M., & Mischel, T. (1975) · The Philosophical Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2217643 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Attention and joint attention in preschool children with autism
Leekam, S. R., López, B., & Moore, C. (2000) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.36.2.261 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Targets and cues: Gaze-following in children with autism
Leekam, S. R., Hunnisett, E., & Moore, C. (1998) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00398 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Development of joint visual attention in infants
Corkum, V., & Moore, C. L. (1995) · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Eye-direction detection: A dissociation between geometric and joint attention skills in autism
Leekam, S., Baron‐Cohen, S., Perrett, D., Milders, M., & Brown, S. (1997) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-835x.1997.tb00726.x · Cited by 257 · cited 8× · see citing works
“Although they fail spontaneous gaze monitoring tasks (e.g., Leekam et al., 1997 ), children with autism from 5 years onwards seem to be able to judge what a person is looking at, as measured by visual perspective taking (VPT) tasks (Baron-Cohen, 1989, 9‐16 years; Dawson and Fernald, 1987, 6‐14 years; Hobson, 1984, 9‐1…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Early childhood autism.
Daneel, A. B. (1974) · PubMed · Cited by 213 · see citing works
The role of eye contact in goal detection: Evidence from normal infants and children with autism or mental handicap
Phillips, W., Baron‐Cohen, S., & Rutter, M. L. (1992) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400000845 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
The eye direction detector (EDD) and the shared attention mechanism (SAM): Two cases for evolutionary psychology.
Baron‐Cohen, S. (1995) · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Reynell Developmental Language Scales
Simmons, E. S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_985 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Early childhood autism and the question of egocentrism
Hobson, R. P. (1984) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02408558 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Joint visual attention and pointing in infancy: A longitudinal study of comprehension
Morissette, P., Ricard, M., & Décarie, T. G. (1995) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-835x.1995.tb00671.x · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Autistic Social Dysfunction: Some Limitations of the Theory of Mind Hypothesis
Klin, A. J., Volkmar, F. R., & Sparrow, S. S. (1992) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01961.x · Cited by 159 · see citing works
The development of knowledge about visual perception.
Flavell, J. H. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 158 · see citing works
The development of inferences about others.
Flavell, J. (1974) · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Perspective-taking ability and its relationship to the social behavior of autistic children
Dawson, G., & Fernald, M. (1987) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01486965 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
The theory of mind impairment in autism: Evidence for a modular mechanism of development?
Leslie, A. M. (1991) · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Autistic children understand seeing and wanting
Tan, J. O. A., & Harris, P. L. (1991) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400000055 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Visual-spatial orienting in autism
Wainwright, J. A., & Bryson, S. E. (1996) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172827 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Cognitive explanations of autism
Uta Frith, A. (1996) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14280.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Specifying the Nature and Course of the Joint Attention Impairment in Autism in the Preschool Years: Implications for Diagnosis and Intervention
Charman, T. (1998) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361398021006 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The theory of mind and joint-attention deficits in autism.
Mundy, P. C., Sigman, M., & Kasari, C. L. (1994) · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Immediate imitation and joint attention in young children with autism
Roeyers, H., Oost, P. V., & BOTHUYNE, S. (1998) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579498001680 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citation
Childhood cognitive development : the essential readings
Lee, K. (2000) · Blackwell eBooks · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence
Warschausky, S. A., & Raiford, S. E. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_1606 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
A New Look at Gaze
DOHERTY, M. J., & Anderson, J. R. (1999) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/s0885-2014(99)00019-2 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Young children's knowledge about visual perception: Effect of observer's distance from target on perceptual clarity of target.
Flavell, J. H., Flavell, E. R., Green, F. L., et al. (1980) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.16.1.10 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Perceptual perspective-taking and seriation abilities in high-functioning children with autism
Yirmiya, N., Sigman, M., & Zacks, D. (1994) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400004570 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Social learning and the etiology of autism
Bushwick, N. L. (2001) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0732-118x(00)00016-7 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Visual Perspective Taking as a Measure of Working Memory in Participants With Autism
Reed, T. (2002) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1023/a:1013515829985 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Vision in autism spectrum disorders
Simmons, D. R., Robertson, A. E., McKay, L. S., Toal, E., McAleer, P., & Pollick, F. E. (2009) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2009.08.005 · Cited by 827 · see citing works

Joint Attention During Live Person-to-Person Contact Activates rTPJ, Including a Sub-Component Associated With Spontaneous Eye-to-Eye Contact
Dravida, S., Noah, J. A., Zhang, X., & Joy Hirsch, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.00201 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Social orienting in gaze-based interactions: Consequences of joint gaze
Edwards, S. G. (2015) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)
Gaze‐following and joint visual attention in nonhuman animals
Itakura, S. (2004) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5584.2004.00253.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The impact of maternal gaze responsiveness on infants’ gaze following and later vocabulary development
Wildt, E., & Rohlfing, K. J. (2023) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2023.101917 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Children’s knowledge of deceptive gaze cues and its relation to their actual lying behavior
McCarthy, A., & Lee, K. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2008.06.005 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Authors: Warreyn, P., Roeyers, H., Oelbrandt, T., & De Groote, I.
Affiliations: Ghent University (BE)
Corresponding author: Warreyn, Petra
ORCID: Warreyn, Petra
Roeyers, Herbert
Venue: Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2005-03
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Pages: 55-73
ISSN: 1056-263X (ISSN-L)
1573-3580
DOI: 10.1007/s10882-005-2201-1
OpenAlex: W1991745668
Cited by: 49
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 0.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities (publishedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Universiteit Gent
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
Keywords: joint attention, visual perspective taking, autism spectrum disorder, young children, eye contact, theory of mind, social cognition

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

What Are You Looking at? Joint Attention and Visual Perspective Taking in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks