The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Challenges Faced by Refugee New Parents from Africa in Canada
Abstract
This study examines challenges faced by refugee new parents from Africa in Canada. Refugee new parents from Zimbabwe (n = 36) and Sudan (n = 36) were interviewed individually about challenges of coping concurrently with migration and new parenthood and completed loneliness and trauma/stress measures. Four group interviews with refugee new parents (n = 30) were subsequently conducted. Participants reported isolation, loneliness, and stress linked to migration and new parenthood. New gender roles evoked marital discord. Barriers to health-related services included language. Compounding challenges included discrimination, time restrictions for financial support, prolonged immigration and family reunification processes, uncoordinated government services, and culturally insensitive policies. The results reinforce the need for research on influences of refugees' stressful experiences on parenting and potential role of social support in mitigating effects of stress among refugee new parents. Language services should be integrated within health systems to facilitate provision of information, affirmation, and emotional support to refugee new parents. Our study reinforces the need for culturally appropriate services that mobilize and sustain support in health and health related (e.g., education, employment, immigration) policies.
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In the citing paper
“Many migrant families continue to support family via sending remittances and this may affect them financially [2, 13–16].”
From Transnationalism and care of migrant families during pregnancy, postpartum and early-childhood: an integrative review (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Immigration and settlement is a complex process that can lead to economic uncertainty, poor living conditions, social isolation and loss of traditional forms of support from extended family and friends [7, 8].”
From La Maison Bleue: Strengthening resilience among migrant mothers living in Montreal, Canada (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“For very young children (0–5 years), during this sensitive stage, stresses may have long-term implications including mental health issues and delays in language and social development [7, 8, 14].”
From La Maison Bleue: Strengthening resilience among migrant mothers living in Montreal, Canada (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“For migrant families, the stresses of raising children in a new environment may be amplified in the face of these linguistic, cultural, social and financial struggles [8].”
From La Maison Bleue: Strengthening resilience among migrant mothers living in Montreal, Canada (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Similar to previous studies, participants reported language barriers, isolation, a loss of support for child-rearing, and cultural and environmental stresses [8–10, 16].”
From La Maison Bleue: Strengthening resilience among migrant mothers living in Montreal, Canada (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Language barriers, and having a precarious immigration status, further intensify the situation by reducing access to support (8, 10, 41).”
From Social Isolation, Loneliness and Health: A Descriptive Study of the Experiences of Migrant Mothers With Young Children (0–5 Years Old) at La Maison Bleue (2022) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“However, for many migrant women, like the women in our study, especially single mothers, refugees and asylum-seekers, the protective support system is lost with migration (8, 10, 41).”
From Social Isolation, Loneliness and Health: A Descriptive Study of the Experiences of Migrant Mothers With Young Children (0–5 Years Old) at La Maison Bleue (2022) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“Parents in several studies reported needing to prepare and support their children to deal with discrimination”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“In studies with refugee families, the main contributors to their sense of loss and to the adversity that they faced, were the forced nature of their migration and experiences of war, violence and the death of family members and friends”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Migrant parents in almost all studies described resettlement challenges (financial, housing, employment, access to services) [19, 23–25, 38, 39, 42, 47–50, 52–54, 56, 60, 63, 65, 69, 70, 72, 73, 75, 76, 81–83, 88, 89, 91, 92, 99, 103, 108, 112, 114, 119, 125, 127–129, 133, 139, 149, 155, 158, 161], which left them feeling overwhelmed.”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Financial strain was also common and caused parents to be consumed by work in order to provide for the family”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Like undocumented families the precariousness and difficult circumstances caused strain and affected the well-being of the whole family”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Access to services and rights, such as being allowed to work, varied depending on the receiving-country”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Discrimination and exclusion, especially due to their migration status, were frequently described as issues”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“They worried about being returned to an unsafe country with their children”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Changing roles and relationships due to cultural/linguistic shifts and because of changes in family structures related to migration, was also an experience that emerged across studies”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“In almost every study parents described experiences of having to manage different languages, traditions, beliefs and ways of doing, including navigating new ‘systems’ (e.g., education, healthcare, child welfare services)”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“A number of studies suggest that fathers struggled more with shift in gender roles and social expectations”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Resettlement difficulties, particularly for undocumented migrants, hindered families from advancing as they would have liked and parents reported disappointment and needing to adjust their expectations due to these challenges”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“New roles and relationships sometimes caused tension within families and within the larger community”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Transmitting language, culture, values and religion was not only described as a form of building capital (social, economic, cultural), keeping children safe (by being strict), and maintaining an identity for families”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“In many studies families described their parenthood experience as having a continuing and pervasive transnational dimension (i.e., links with their home country)”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Family separation, including parents’ separation from their children, was common across all classes of migrants and was a major source of concern”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Education was viewed across studies as the primary means for children to have a better life in the new country and parents put a lot of emphasis on the importance of their children obtaining an education to optimize their employment prospects”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Migrant parents were supporting these family members by sending remittances and also parenting children who remained in their countries of origin”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“In other instances, families lived with the hope of eventual migration of family members but were uncertain if it would ever be realized because of their precarious migration status or because of the administrative and financial challenges encountered in sponsoring family members”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“In some studies families and parents spent years separated before spouses, children and/or other family members would join them”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Stewart, M., Dennis, C. L., Kariwo, M., Kushner, K. E., Letourneau, N., Makumbe, K., Makwarimba, E., & Shizha, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Alberta Health Services (CA)
- Wilfrid Laurier University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Kushner, K. E.
- Venue
- Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health
- Published
- 2014-07-03
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1146-1156
- ISSN
- 1557-1912 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1920
- OpenAlex
- W2059046128
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 5.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
- Keywords
- African refugees, Sudanese refugees, loneliness, social isolation, stress, trauma, gender roles, marital conflict, language barriers, health care access, discrimination, family reunification, immigration policy, culturally appropriate services, social support, parenting
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Canada, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Parents, Refugees, Social Isolation, Social Support, Sudan, Zimbabwe, Parenting, Racism
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