The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Peer Cybervictimization Among Adolescents and the Associated Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: A Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Numerous adolescents in the United States experience peer cybervictimization, which is associated with a series of internalizing (e.g., depression, anxiety, anger) and externalizing (e.g., aggression, substance use, risky sexual behavior) problems. The current study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing research on these relationships. Included in the meta-analyses are 239 effect sizes from 55 reports, representing responses from 257,678 adolescents. The results of a series of random effects meta-analyses using robust variance estimation indicated positive and significant relationships between peer cybervictimization and a series of internalizing and externalizing problems, with point estimates of this relationship ranging from Pearson's r = .14 to .34. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation are commonly identified as psychological consequences of cyberbullying victimization36,81–83.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Cyberbullying victims show lower school attendance, academic achievement28,85 and worse peer relationships82 and tend to engage more in both traditional and cyberbullying perpetration36,86.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Four meta-analyses consistently show that cyberbullying victims often display lower school performance28,82,85,99, leading to considerable psychological distress and maladaptive coping behaviours28,36,82,94,130.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Fourteen meta-analyses reveal that cyberbullying victimization was associated with considerable psychological impacts, including anxiety, depression, low empathy, reduced life satisfaction, loneliness, low self-esteem and stress, serving both as outcomes and predictors28,36,82,93,94,98,99,101,104,112,113,119,124,130.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Consequently, victims may engage in deviant behaviours such as aggression, substance use and risky sexual behaviour28,36,82,116 as coping mechanisms to offset psychological and academic issues146.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
Citations
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Wang, G., Ma, R., Qiao, G., Wada, K., Aizawa, Y., & Satoh, T. (2015) · Integrative Medicine International · doi:10.1159/000368408 · Cited by 18,762
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470743386 · Cited by 14,225
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119558378 · Cited by 9,799
(2000) · Cited by 9,198
Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0035618 · Cited by 3,266
Tokunaga, R. S. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.014 · Cited by 2,566
Robust variance estimation in meta‐regression with dependent effect size estimates
Hedges, L. V., Tipton, E., & Johnson, M. C. (2010) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.5 · Cited by 2,086
Bullies Move Beyond the Schoolyard: A Preliminary Look at Cyberbullying
Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2006) · Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice · doi:10.1177/1541204006286288 · Cited by 1,701
Peer victimization and internalizing problems in children: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Reijntjes, A. H. A., Kamphuis, J. H., Prinzie, P., & Telch, M. J. (2010) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.07.009 · Cited by 1,578
Psychological, Physical, and Academic Correlates of Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.018 · Cited by 1,295
Schneider, S. K., O'Donnell, L., Stueve, A., & Coulter, R. W. S. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300308 · Cited by 966
Small sample adjustments for robust variance estimation with meta-regression.
Tipton, E. (2015) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/met0000011 · Cited by 810
Cyberbullying and Self-Esteem*
Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2010) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010.00548.x · Cited by 799
Ybarra, M. L., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, P. J. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.004 · Cited by 775
Associations among bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide in high school students
Bauman, S., Toomey, R. B., & Walker, J. L. (2013) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.12.001 · Cited by 665
Offline Consequences of Online Victimization: School Violence and Delinquency
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2007) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1300/j202v06n03_06 · Cited by 619
Tanner-Smith, E. E., & Tipton, E. (2014) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1091 · Cited by 588
Ongoing and online: Children and youth's perceptions of cyber bullying
Mishna, F., Saini, M., & Solomon, S. (2009) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.05.004 · Cited by 560
Ybarra, M. L., Mitchell, K. J., Wolak, J., & David Finkelhor, B. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0815 · Cited by 540
Reijntjes, A. H. A., Kamphuis, J. H., Prinzie, P., Boelen, P. A., van der Schoot, M., & Telch, M. J. (2010) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20374 · Cited by 497
The Rate of Cyber Dating Abuse Among Teens and How It Relates to Other Forms of Teen Dating Violence
Zweig, J. M., Dank, M., Yahner, J., & Lachman, P. (2013) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9922-8 · Cited by 466
Mitchell, K. J., Ybarra, M. L., & David Finkelhor, B. (2007) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559507305996 · Cited by 417
Bullying: Are researchers and children/youth talking about the same thing?
Vaillancourt, T., McDougall, P., Hymel, S. C., Krygsman, A., Miller, J., Stiver, K., & Davis, C. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025408095553 · Cited by 406
Cassidy, W., Faucher, C., & Jackson, M. (2013) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034313479697 · Cited by 354
Litwiller, B. J., & Brausch, A. M. (2013) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9925-5 · Cited by 341
Online Racial Discrimination and Psychological Adjustment Among Adolescents
Tynes, B. M., Giang, M. T., Williams, D. R., & Thompson, G. N. (2008) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.08.021 · Cited by 311
Urban Middle School Students' Perceptions of Bullying, Cyberbullying, and School Safety
Varjas, K., Henrich, C. C., & Meyers, J. P. (2009) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220802074165 · Cited by 297
Defining and Measuring Cyberbullying Within the Larger Context of Bullying Victimization
Ybarra, M. L., Boyd, D., Korchmaros, J. D., & Oppenheim, J. (. (2012) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.031 · Cited by 296
Bullying victimization and adolescent mental health: General and typological effects across sex
Turner, M. G., Exum, M. L., Brame, R. W., & Holt, T. J. (2013) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2012.12.005 · Cited by 277
Dempsey, A. G., Sulkowski, M. L., Nichols, R., & Storch, E. A. (2009) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.20437 · Cited by 268
Peer Victimization, Depression, and Suicidiality in Adolescents
Klomek, A. B., Marrocco, F. A., Kleinman, M., Schonfeld, I. S., & Gould, M. S. (2008) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2008.38.2.166 · Cited by 260
Tynes, B. M., Umaña‐Taylor, A. J., Rose, C. A., Lin, J. W., & Anderson, C. J. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027032 · Cited by 225
Burton, K. A., Florell, D., & Wygant, D. B. (2012) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.21663 · Cited by 191
Explaining cross-national differences in peer-directed aggression: A quantitative synthesis
Bergeron, N., & Schneider, B. H. (2005) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20049 · Cited by 188
Messias, E., Kindrick, K., & Castro, J. (2014) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.02.005 · Cited by 185
Elgar, F. J., Napoletano, A., Saul, G., Dirks, M. A., Craig, W., Poteat, V. P., Holt, M. K., & Koenig, B. W. (2014) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.1223 · Cited by 179
Youth Internet Victimization in a Broader Victimization Context
Mitchell, K. J., Finkelhor, D., Wolak, J., Ybarra, M. L., & Turner, H. A. (2010) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.06.009 · Cited by 179
Landoll, R. R., Greca, A. M. L., Lai, B. S., Chan, S. F., & Herge, W. M. (2015) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.04.002 · Cited by 169
Longitudinal Associations Between Cybervictimization and Mental Health Among U.S. Adolescents
Rose, C. A., & Tynes, B. M. (2015) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.05.002 · Cited by 164
Reed, K. P., Nugent, W. R., & Cooper, R. L. (2015) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.05.016 · Cited by 157
Sinclair, K. O., Bauman, S. A., Poteat, V. P., Koenig, B. W., & Russell, S. T. (2012) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.09.009 · Cited by 146
Traditional and Cyber Aggressors and Victims: A Comparison of Psychosocial Characteristics
Sontag, L. M., Clemans, K. H., Graber, J., & Lyndon, S. T. (2011) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9575-9 · Cited by 145
Fredstrom, B. K., Adams, R. E., & Gilman, R. (2010) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9569-7 · Cited by 143
Cyber Dating Abuse Among Teens Using School-Based Health Centers
Dick, R. N., McCauley, H. L., Jones, K. A., Tancredi, D. J., Goldstein, S., Blackburn, S., Monasterio, E., James, L., Silverman, J. G., & Miller, E. P. (2014) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-0537 · Cited by 140
Electronic Bullying and Victimization and Life Satisfaction in Middle School Students
Moore, P. M., Huebner, E. S., & Hills, K. J. (2011) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9856-z · Cited by 139
Hase, C., Goldberg, S. B., Smith, D. C., Stuck, A., & Campain, J. (2015) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.21841 · Cited by 139
Approximating the Tetrachoric Correlation Coefficient
Digby, P. G. N. (1983) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531104 · Cited by 124
Cyber- and traditional peer victimization: Unique relationships with adolescent well-being.
Wigderson, S. B., & Lynch, M. (2013) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/a0033657 · Cited by 121
Cooper, R. M., & Blumenfeld, W. J. (2012) · Journal of LGBT Youth · doi:10.1080/19361653.2011.649616 · Cited by 99
(2011) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e595452011-001 · Cited by 95
Internalizing problems among cyberbullying victims and moderator effects of friendship quality
Aoyama, I., Saxon, T. F., & Fearon, D. D. (2011) · Multicultural Education & Technology Journal · doi:10.1108/17504971111142637 · Cited by 90
Cyberbullying and adolescent mental health
Suzuki, K., Asaga, R., Sourander, A., Hoven, C. W., & Mandell, D. J. (2011) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh.2012.005 · Cited by 89
Ranney, M. L., Patena, J. V., Nugent, N. R., Spirito, A., Boyer, E. W., Zatzick, D., & Cunningham, R. M. (2015) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.12.002 · Cited by 84
Price, M. A., Chin, M. A., Higa-McMillan, C. K., Kim, S. Y., & Frueh, B. C. (2013) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-013-9104-6 · Cited by 76
Cyber Victimization and Perceived Stress
Wright, M. F. (2014) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x14537088 · Cited by 73
Huang, F. L., & Cornell, D. G. (2015) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000149 · Cited by 71
Badaly, D., Kelly, B. M., Schwartz, D., & Dabney-Lieras, K. (2012) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9787-2 · Cited by 58
Latina Teen Suicide and Bullying
Romero, A. J., Wiggs, C. B., Valencia, C. I., & Bauman, S. A. (2013) · Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1177/0739986312474237 · Cited by 46
The influence of the cyber-social environment on fear of victimization: Cyberbullying and school
Randa, R. (2013) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/sj.2013.22 · Cited by 45
Differences in Proactive and Reactive Aggression in Traditional Bullies and Cyberbullies
Burton, K. A., Florell, D., & Gore, J. S. (2013) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2013.743938 · Cited by 42
Cyber Victimization and Aggression: Are They Linked with Adolescent Smoking and Drinking?
Chan, S. F., & Greca, A. M. L. (2015) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-015-9318-x · Cited by 40
van Geel, M., Vedder, P., & Tanilon, J. (2014) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4143 · Cited by 29
What Features Make Online Harassment Incidents Upsetting to Youth?
Mitchell, K. J., Ybarra, M. L., Jones, L. M., & Espelage, D. L. (2014) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2014.990462 · Cited by 28
Lessne, D., & Harmalkar, S. (2013) · National Center for Education Statistics · Cited by 23
Internal resilience, peer victimization, and suicidal ideation among adolescents
Hirschtritt, M. E., Ordóñez, A. E., Rico, Y., & LeWinn, K. Z. (2015) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh-2014-0060 · Cited by 22
Ubertini, M. (2010) · ProQuest LLC eBooks · Cited by 18
Carter, J. M. (2011) · Human Biology · Cited by 15
Predicting Resilience after Cyberbully Victimization among High School Students
Tobias, S., & Chapanar, T. (2016) · Cited by 8
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- * Anderson, N. B. (2009). Cyberbullying among school aged chidlren: Implications for prevention and intervention programs (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (3421608).
- * Brown, C. F. (2011). Middle school cyber victimization: Outcomes, grade and gender differences, and the overlap with traditional victimization (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (1506277).
- * Campfield, D. C. (2008). Cyber bullying and victimization: Psychosocial characteristics of bullies, victims, and bully/victims (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (3324499).
- * Chin, M. A. (2011). Prevalence, gender differences, and mental health problems associated with traditional and cyber bullying (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (1496158).
- * Espinoza, G. (2013). A daily diary approach to understanding cyberbullying experiences among Latino adolescents: Links with emotional, physical and school adjustment (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (3563457).
- * Hines, H. C. (2011). Traditional bullying and cyber bullying: Are the impacts the on self-concept the same? (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (1490835).
- * Martin, M. (2013). The nature and psychosocial correlates of electronic victimization and aggression in early adolescence (Masters thesis). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (1535758).
- * Palmer, N. A. (2013). LGBT youth online and in person: Identity development, social support, and extracurricular and civic participation in a positive youth development framework (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (3570797).
- Rosen, P. J. (2008). The victim schema model: A longitudinal study of social-cognitive processing, emotional distress, and peer victimization in childhood (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (3315027).
- * Singh, R. D. (2016). The relationship between cyber-bullying and risk of suicide (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (10103512).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Marino, C., Gini, G., Vieno, A., & Spada, M. M. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.007 · Cited by 658
Protective factors against bullying and cyberbullying: A systematic review of meta-analyses
Zych, I., Farrington, D. P., & Ttofi, M. M. (2018) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2018.06.008 · Cited by 529
A comprehensive meta-analysis on Problematic Facebook Use
Marino, C., Gini, G., Vieno, A., & Spada, M. M. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.009 · Cited by 378
Becoming Citizens in a Changing World
Schulz, W., Ainley, J., Fraillon, J., Losito, B., Agrusti, G., & Friedman, T. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73963-2 · Cited by 359
Social media use and mental health and well-being among adolescents: a scoping review
Schønning, V., Hjetland, G. J., Aarø, L. E., & Skogen, J. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01949 · Cited by 288
Metadata
- Authors
- Fisher, B. W., Gardella, J. H., & Teurbe-Tolon, A. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Louisville (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fisher, Benjamin W.
- Venue
- Journal of Youth and Adolescence
- Published
- 2016-07-22
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1727-1743
- ISSN
- 0047-2891 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6601
- OpenAlex
- W2503342027
- Cited by
- 288
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 10
- FWCI
- 2.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Youth and Adolescence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Law › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Keywords
- adolescents, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, depression, anxiety, aggression, substance use, sexual risk behavior, online harassment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Aggression, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Peer Group, United States, Crime Victims, Substance-Related Disorders, Unsafe Sex, Bullying
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
