Attenuation of acute restraint stress-induced depressive like behavior and hippocampal alterations with protocatechuic acid treatment in mice
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester (PCA), a phenolic compound, exhibits neuroprotective effects through improving endogenous antioxidant enzymatic and nonezymatic system. Based on the role of oxidative stress in modulating depressive disorders and the relationship between neuroprotective and antioxidant potential of PCA, we studied if its antidepressant like effect is associated by modulation of cerebral cortex and hippocampal antioxidant alterations. Acute restraint stress (ARS) is known to induce depressive like behavior by neuronal oxidative damage in mice. Swiss albino mice subjected to ARS exhibited an increased immobility time in forced swim test, elevated serum corticosterone and produced oxidative stress dependent alterations in cerebral cortex and hippocampus mainly increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and reduced catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Treatment with PCA was able to prevent stress induced immobility time in forced swim test without altering locomotor activity in mice. Further, PCA treatment attenuated the elevation of serum corticosterone, lipid peroxidation and restored enzymatic antioxidants in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in ARS mice. Altogether, the experimental findings demonstrate the notion that PCA exhibit antidepressant like activity might be related, at least in part, to its capability of modulating antioxidant defense system and oxidative damage induced by ARS in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in mice and thus maintain the pro-/anti-oxidative homeostasis.
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Protocatechuic acid, which is part of quinoa composition, maintains pro-/antioxidant homeostasis in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in mice under immobilization stress.
“The ability to maintain pro-/antioxidant homeostasis in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in mice under immobilization stress has been demonstrated by protocatechuic acid, which is part of quinoa composition [39].”
From Anxiolytic and Antioxidant Effect of Phytoecdysteroids and Polyphenols from Chenopodium quinoa on an In Vivo Restraint Stress Model (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- Thakare, V. N., Dhakane, V. D., & Patel, B. M.
- Affiliations
- Nirma University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Patel, Bhoomika M.
- Venue
- Metabolic Brain Disease
- Published
- 2016-10-26
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 401-413
- ISSN
- 0885-7490 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7365
- OpenAlex
- W2540823011
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 2.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Metabolic Brain Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds
- Keywords
- protocatechuic acid, acute restraint stress, depression-like behavior, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, catalase, superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, corticosterone, forced swim test, antidepressant effects, neuroprotection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antioxidants, Anxiety, Atrophy, Corticosterone, Depression, Female, Hippocampus, Male, Motor Activity, Restraint, Physical, Stress, Psychological, Lipid Peroxidation, Oxidative Stress, Neuroprotective Agents, Mice, Hydroxybenzoates
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