Restraint stress in biobehavioral research: Recent developments

Buynitsky, Tatyana; Mostofsky, David I.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.05.004

Cited by 426Stress Responses and CortisolAnimal Behavior and Welfare StudiesCancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response

Restraint stress in biobehavioral research: Recent developments

Buynitsky, Tatyana, Mostofsky, David I.·2009·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.05.004

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Abstract

In the 15 years since the publication of two previous reviews on restraint stress much advancement has been made in the field. However, while previous reviews have focused mainly on drug effects, recent research has focused on broader implications in the health fields. This research has placed an increased emphasis on stress effects in physiological, immunological, endocrine and developmental processes as well as the impact of stress on numerous disorders. A major problem with our review was the inability to identify a large number of articles focusing on restraint and immobilization, since those keywords were often omitted from the title or not referred to within the body of the article. It seems likely that additional reviews with extended literature research of this field are required.

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The CRS model ideally mimics the key features of this type of stressor and has been used as a major experimental model of depression.
“The CRS model ideally mimics the key features of this type of stressor and has been used as a major experimental model of depression [28, 29].”
From Chronic stress-induced depression requires the recruitment of peripheral Th17 cells into the brain (2022) · cites this paper as [28]
The naïve control group was included as a potential control for stress induced by gavage, because prenatal stress can alter later behaviors.
“The naïve control group was included as a potential control for stress induced by gavage, because prenatal stress can alter later behaviors (reviewed in Buynitsky and Mostofsky, 2009;Maccari and Morley-Fletcher, 2007;Weinstock, 2001).”
From Developmental Treatment with Ethinyl Estradiol, but Not Bisphenol A, Causes Alterations in Sexually Dimorphic Behaviors in Male and Female Sprague Dawley Rats (2014) · cites this paper as Buynitsky and Mostofsky, 2009

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Modulation of natural killer cell activity by restraint stress during an influenza A/PR8 infection in mice
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Modulation of stress responses: How we cope with excess glucocorticoids
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Protective effect of non-selective and selective COX-2-inhibitors in acute immobilization stress-induced behavioral and biochemical alterations.
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Comparative mood states and cognitive skills of cigarette smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers
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Repeated, but not acute, stress suppresses inflammatory plasma extravasation
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Opioid modulation of reflex versus operant responses following stress in the rat
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Apolipoprotein-E deficiency results in an altered stress responsiveness in addition to an impaired spatial memory in young mice
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Distinct patterns of plasticity in prefrontal cortex neurons that encode slow and fast responses to stress
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Modulating effects of prenatal stress on hyperthermia induced in adult rat offspring by restraint or LPS-induced stress
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Salivary MUC5B-Mediated Adherence (Ex Vivo) of Helicobacter pylori During Acute Stress
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Repeated stress in young and old 5-HT2C receptor knockout mice
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Housing in Pyramid Counteracts Neuroendocrine and Oxidative Stress Caused by Chronic Restraint in Rats
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Impact of environmental stress on the expression of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
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Influence of restraint stress on ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats
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Restraint Stress Reduces the Antitumor Efficacy of Cyclophosphamide in Tumor-Bearing Mice
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Restraint alters the thermic response to morphine by postural interference
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TNF‐α accounts for short‐term persistence of oxidative status in rat brain after two weeks of repeated stress
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Androstenediol reduces the anti-inflammatory effects of restraint stress during wound healing
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Behavioral Effects of Aluminum in Mice: Influence of Restraint Stress
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The effect of chronic emotional stress on the humoral immune response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in mice
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Habituation to stress and dexamethasone suppression in rats with selective basal forebrain cholinergic lesions
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Potentiation of glucocorticoid release does not modify the long-term effects of a single exposure to immobilization stress
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Stress may enhance nicotine effects on periodontal tissues. An in vivo study in rats
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The effect of stress on the antioxidative potential of serum: implications for Alzheimer’s disease
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Restraint stress alters lung gene expression in an experimental influenza A viral infection
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Impairments produced by amphetamine and stress on memory storage are reduced following a chronic stressful experience
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Behavioral and Adaptive Status in an Experimental Model of Alzheimer's Disease in Rats
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Female rats living in small cages respond to restraint stress with both adrenocortical corticosterone release and acetylcholine release in the hippocampus
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EFFECT OF IMMOBILIZATION AND COLD STRESS ON VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS
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Age-dependent differences in the stimulation of lipid peroxidation in the heart of rats during immobilization stress
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NMU-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats is influenced by repeated psychoemotional stress.
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Transient loss of serum protective activity following short-term stress: A possible biochemical link between stress and atherosclerosis
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A suppressive protein generated in peripheral lymph tissue induced by restraint stress
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Long-lasting cognitive, physiological and hematological effects in rehabilitated, early dietary iron-deficiency adult rats, and improvement by treatment with a mixture of essential fatty acids
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Self-citation
Stress, inflammatory markers and factors associated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Rat Strain and Sex Differences in Leptin Responses to Immobilization Stress
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Pain: A verbal response
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Biological and psychological markers of stress in humans: Focus on the Trier Social Stress Test
Allen, A. P., Kennedy, P. J., Cryan, J. F., Dinan, T. G., & Clarke, G. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.11.005 · Cited by 734 · see citing works
Neural Mechanisms of Stress Resilience and Vulnerability
Franklin, T. B., Saab, B. J., & Mansuy, I. M. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.016 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Dendritic Spines in Depression: What We Learned from Animal Models
Qiao, H., Li, M.-X., Xu, C. S., Chen, H.-B., An, S.-C., & Ma, X. (2016) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2016/8056370 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Stress, stress hormones, and adult neurogenesis
Schoenfeld, T. J., & Gould, E. (2011) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.01.008 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Translating rodent behavioral repertoire to zebrafish (Danio rerio): Relevance for stress research
Champagne, D. L., Hoefnagels, C. C. M., de Kloet, E. R., & Richardson, M. K. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.06.001 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
METABOLIC PHENOTYPING GUIDELINES: Assessing glucose homeostasis in rodent models
Bowe, J. E., Franklin, Z. J., Hauge-Evans, A. C., King, A., Persaud, S. J., & Jones, P. M. (2014) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-14-0182 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Prenatal stressors in rodents: Effects on behavior
Weinstock, M. (2017) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.08.004 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Rodent models of post-traumatic stress disorder: behavioral assessment
Verbitsky, A., Dopfel, D., & Zhang, N. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0806-x · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Prolonged Restraint Stress Increases IL-6, Reduces IL-10, and Causes Persistent Depressive-Like Behavior That Is Reversed by Recombinant IL-10
Voorhees, J. L., Tarr, A. J., Wohleb, E. S., Godbout, J. P., Mo, X., Sheridan, J. F., Eubank, T. D., & Marsh, C. B. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058488 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
The exercise-glucocorticoid paradox: How exercise is beneficial to cognition, mood, and the brain while increasing glucocorticoid levels
Chen, C., Nakagawa, S., An, Y., Ito, K., Kitaichi, Y., & Kusumi, I. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.12.001 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Rescue of GABAB and GIRK function in the lateral habenula by protein phosphatase 2A inhibition ameliorates depression-like phenotypes in mice
Lecca, S., Pelosi, A., Tchenio, A., Moutkine, I., Lujan, R., Hervé, D., & Mameli, M. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4037 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Chronic ω-3 fatty acids supplementation promotes beneficial effects on anxiety, cognitive and depressive-like behaviors in rats subjected to a restraint stress protocol
Ferraz, A. C., Delattre, A. M., Almendra, R. G., Sonagli, M., Borges, C. R., Araujo, P., Andersen, M. L., Tufik, S. B., & Lima, M. M. S. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.12.028 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Chronic Stress- and Sex-Specific Neuromorphological and Functional Changes in Limbic Structures
McLaughlin, K. J., Baran, S. E., & Conrad, C. D. (2009) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-009-8079-7 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Inhibiting neuroinflammation: The role and therapeutic potential of GABA in neuro-immune interactions
Crowley, T., Cryan, J. F., Downer, E. J., & O’Leary, O. F. (2016) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.001 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Models and Methods to Investigate Acute Stress Responses in Cattle
Chen, Y., Arsenault, R. J., Napper, S., & Griebel, P. J. (2015) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani5040411 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Chronic and acute effects of stress on energy balance: are there appropriate animal models?
Harris, R. B. S. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00361.2014 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
A Corticotropin Releasing Factor Network in the Extended Amygdala for Anxiety
Pomrenze, M. B., Tovar-Díaz, J., Blasio, A., Maiya, R., Giovanetti, S. M., Lei, K., Morikawa, H., Hopf, F. W., & Messing, R. O. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2143-18.2018 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Can architectural design alter the physiological reaction to psychosocial stress? A virtual TSST experiment
Fich, L. B., Jönsson, P., Kirkegaard, P. H., Wallergård, M., Garde, A. H., & Hansen, Å. M. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.034 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Near-infrared photobiomodulation combined with coenzyme Q10 for depression in a mouse model of restraint stress: reduction in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis
Salehpour, F., Farajdokht, F., Cassano, P., Sadigh‐Eteghad, S., Erfani, M., Hamblin, M. R., Salimi, M. M., Karimi, P., Rasta, S. H., & Mahmoudi, J. (2018) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.10.010 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Attenuated palmitoylation of serotonin receptor 5-HT1A affects receptor function and contributes to depression-like behaviors
Gorinski, N., Bijata, M., Prasad, S., Wirth, A., Galil, D. A., Zeug, A., Базовкина, Д. В., Kondaurova, E. M., Kulikova, E. A., Ilchibaeva, T. V., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11876-5 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The structures of the colonic mucosa-associated and luminal microbial communities are distinct and differentially affected by a prolonged murine stressor
Galley, J. D., Yu, Z., Kumar, P., Dowd, S. E., Lyte, M., & Bailey, M. T. (2014) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.4161/19490976.2014.972241 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Strain differences in the neurochemical response to chronic restraint stress in the rat: relevance to depression.
O'Mahony, C. O., Clarke, G., Gibney, S., Dinan, T., & Cryan, J. (2011) · Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2010.11.012 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Effects of chronic stress on cognitive function – From neurobiology to intervention
Girotti, M., Bulin, S. E., & Carreno, F. R. (2024) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100670 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Animals, anxiety, and anxiety disorders: How to measure anxiety in rodents and why
Harro, J. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.10.016 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Agmatine abolishes restraint stress-induced depressive-like behavior and hippocampal antioxidant imbalance in mice
Freitas, A. E., Bettio, L. E. B., Neis, V. B., Santos, D. B., Ribeiro, C. M., da Rosa, P. B., Farina, M., & Rodrigues, A. L. S. (2013) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.12.012 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Sperm epigenetic alterations contribute to inter- and transgenerational effects of paternal exposure to long-term psychological stress via evading offspring embryonic reprogramming
Zheng, X., Li, Z., Wang, G., Wang, H., Zhou, Y., Zhao, X., Cheng, C. Y., Qiao, Y., & Sun, F. (2021) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-021-00343-5 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
24-hour-restraint stress induces long-term depressive-like phenotypes in mice
Chu, X., Zhou, Y., Hu, Z., Lou, J., Song, W., Li, J., Liang, X., Chen, C., Wang, S., Yang, B., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep32935 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Chronic stress induces persistent low-grade inflammation
Miller, E., Apple, C. G., Kannan, K. B., Funk, Z. M., Plazas, J. M., Efron, P. A., & Mohr, A. M. (2019) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.07.006 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Folic acid prevents depressive-like behavior and hippocampal antioxidant imbalance induced by restraint stress in mice
Budni, J., Zomkowski, A. D. E., Engel, D. F., Santos, D. B., dos Santos, A. A., Moretti, M., Valvassori, S. S., Ornell, F. R., Quevedo, J., Farina, M., et al. (2012) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.10.024 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Chronic stress and hippocampal dendritic complexity: Methodological and functional considerations
Conrad, C. D., Ortiz, J. B., & Judd, J. M. (2016) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.017 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The identification of metabolic disturbances in the prefrontal cortex of the chronic restraint stress rat model of depression
Liu, L., Zhou, X., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Yang, L., Pu, J., Zhu, D., Zhou, C., & Xie, P. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.005 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Chronic stress-induced depression requires the recruitment of peripheral Th17 cells into the brain
Peng, Z., Peng, S., Lin, K., Zhao, B., Wei, L., Tuo, Q., Liao, D., Yuan, T., & Shi, Z. (2022) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02543-6 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Protective Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Behavior and Oxidative Status of Restraint-Stressed Mice
Moretti, M., Budni, J., Santos, D. B., Antunes, A. A., Daufenbach, J. F., Manosso, L. M., Farina, M., & Rodrigues, A. L. S. (2012) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-012-9892-4 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Differential Effects of Stress and Glucocorticoids on Adult Neurogenesis
Schoenfeld, T. J., & Gould, E. (2013) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2012_233 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Influence of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Status on the Way Rats Adapt to Chronic Restraint Stress
Hennebelle, M., Balasse, L., Latour, A., Champeil‐Potokar, G., Denis, S., Lavialle, M., Gisquet-Verrier, P., Denis, I., & Vancassel, S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042142 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
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Restraint Stress
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Authors: Buynitsky, T., & Mostofsky, D. I.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
Corresponding author: Mostofsky, David I.
ORCID: Mostofsky, David I.
Venue: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-07
Volume: 33
Issue: 7
Pages: 1089-1098
ISSN: 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.05.004
OpenAlex: W1985240984
Cited by: 426
References: 136
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 6.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
Keywords: restraint stress, stress and disease, animal models of stress
MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Autonomic Nervous System, Endocrine System, Female, Humans, Infections, Inflammation, Male, Pain, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Restraint, Physical, Sex Characteristics, Stress, Psychological, Time Factors, Wound Healing

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