Effects of valerate on intestinal barrier function in cultured Caco-2 epithelial cell monolayers
Abstract
Background Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a group of microbial metabolites of undigested dietary fiber, protein and unabsorbed amino acids in the colon, well-known for their gut health promoting benefits. A relatively high intestinal level of valerate was found in the healthy human subjects. However, the intestinal protection effects and the underlying mechanism of valerate are waiting to be verified and elucidated.Methods and results In the present study, valerate, a SCFAs mainly converted from proteins or amino acids, was demonstrated to promote intestinal barrier function at its physiological concentrations of 0-4 mM in the Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal barrier using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay and paracellular permeability assay. Valerate achieved the maximum increase in the TEER at 2 mM and reduced the paracellular permeability. Its intestinal barrier function promoting activity is similar to that of butyrate, with a broader range of effective concentrations than the later. Through western blot analysis, this activity is linked to the valerate-induced AMPK activation and tight junctions (TJs) assembly, but not to the reinforced expression of TJs related proteins.Conclusions It provides direct experimental evidence supporting valerate's function in intestinal health, implying the once under-valued function of valerate and its amino acid precursors. The valerate's role in regulating intestine homeostasis and its possible synergetic effects with other SCFAs warranted to be further investigated.
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Butyrate and valerate promote intestinal barrier function, which prevents the translocation of pathogens from the intestine into the bloodstream.
“Butyrate and valerate promote intestinal barrier function, which prevents the translocation of pathogens from the intestine into the bloodstream [45–48].”
From Role of the gut microbiota in nutrient competition and protection against intestinal pathogen colonization (2023) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Gao, G., Zhou, J., Wang, H., Ding, Y., Zhou, J., Chong, P. H., Zhu, L., Ke, L., Wang, X., Rao, P., Wang, Q., & Zhang, L.
- Affiliations
- Zhejiang Gongshang University (CN)
- ZheJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CN)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (CN)
- Fujian Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhu, Liying
- Ke, Lijing
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Biology Reports
- Published
- 2021-11-27
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1817-1825
- ISSN
- 0301-4851 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-4978
- OpenAlex
- W3217667595
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 1.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular Biology Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- national key research and development plan of china (2016YFD0400202, 2017YFD0400300)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Keywords
- valerate, short-chain fatty acids, intestinal barrier function, Caco-2 cell monolayers, transepithelial electrical resistance, paracellular permeability, AMPK activation, tight junctions, butyrate, gut health, intestinal homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Epithelial Cells, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Permeability, Valerates, Caco-2 Cells, Tight Junctions
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