Correlation between the human fecal microbiota and depression
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Depression is a chronic syndrome with a pathogenesis linked to various genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Several links between gut microbiota and depression have been established in animal models. In humans, however, few correlations have yet been demonstrated. The aim of our work was therefore to identify potential correlations between human fecal microbiota (as a proxy for gut microbiota) and depression. METHODS: We analyzed fecal samples from 55 people, 37 patients, and 18 non-depressed controls. Our analyses were based on data generated by Illumina deep sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. KEY RESULTS: We found several correlations between depression and fecal microbiota. The correlations, however, showed opposite directions even for closely related Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU's), but were still associated with certain higher order phylogroups. The order Bacteroidales showed an overrepresentation (p = 0.05), while the family Lachnospiraceae showed an underrepresentation (p = 0.02) of OTU's associated with depression. At low taxonomic levels, there was one clade consisting of five OTU's within the genus Oscillibacter, and one clade within Alistipes (consisting of four OTU's) that showed a significant association with depression (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: The Oscillibacter type strain has valeric acid as its main metabolic end product, a homolog of neurotransmitter GABA, while Alistipes has previously been shown to be associated with induced stress in mice. In conclusion, the taxonomic correlations detected here may therefore correspond to mechanistic models.
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In depressive patients without IBS symptoms, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was inversely correlated with the microbiota composition profiled in patients with IBS.
“However, in depressive patients without IBS symptoms, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was inversely correlated with the microbiota composition profiled in patients with IBS [145-147].”
From Anxiety, depression, and the microbiome: A role for gut peptides (2018) · cites this paper as [146]
Initial clinical evidence of MGB interactions primarily stems from associations between dysbiosis and CNS disorders, such as autism, anxiety-depressive behaviors, and functional gastrointestinal disorders.
“Initial clinical evidence of MGB interactions primarily stems from associations between dysbiosis and CNS disorders, such as autism, anxiety-depressive behaviors, and functional gastrointestinal disorders (63, 65–72).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [68]
Three studies reported no significant differences in microbial diversity.
“While three studies reported no significant differences in microbial diversity [57,70,71], Jiang et al. (2015) reported greater microbial diversity in patients with MDD than in healthy individuals [56].”
From Flavonoid-rich orange juice intake and altered gut microbiome in young adults with depressive symptom: a randomized controlled study (2020) · cites this paper as [57]
Naseribafrouei et al. (2014) reported that the abundance of higher-order Bacteroidales and the Oscillibacter and Alistipes genera and lower abundance of the family Lachnospiraceae were associated with depression in the comparison of the gut microbiota between 37 patients with depression and 18 healthy controls.
“Naseribafrouei et al. (2014) reported that the abundance of higher-order Bacteroidales and the Oscillibacter and Alistipes genera and lower abundance of the family Lachnospiraceae were associated with depression in the comparison of the gut microbiota between 37 patients with depression and 18 healthy controls [57].”
From Flavonoid-rich orange juice intake and altered gut microbiome in young adults with depressive symptom: a randomized controlled study (2020) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Naseribafrouei, A., Hestad, K., Avershina, E., Sekelja, M., Linløkken, A., Wilson, R., & Rudi, K.
- Affiliations
- Hedmark University College (NO)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Rudi, K.
- Venue
- Neurogastroenterology & Motility
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-06
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1155-1162
- ISSN
- 1350-1925 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2982
- OpenAlex
- W2031441917
- Cited by
- 1,044
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 106 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 119 · 2021: 138 · 2020: 137 · 2019: 99 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 9
- FWCI
- 21.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurogastroenterology & Motility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Høgskolen i Hedmark
- Sykehuset Innlandet HF
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- depression, gut microbiota, fecal microbiota, Bacteroidales, Lachnospiraceae, Oscillibacter, Alistipes, valeric acid, GABA, microbial metabolites, stress, 16S rRNA gene sequencing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depressive Disorder, Feces, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Microbiota
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