Rescue of American chestnut with extraspecific genes following its destruction by a naturalized pathogen
Open accessAbstract
Following the near-obliteration of American chestnut ( Castanea dentata [Marsh.] Borkh.) by the chestnut blight early in the last century, interest in its restoration has been revived by efforts to develop a blight-resistant form of the species. We summarize progress and outline future steps in two approaches: (1) a system of hybridizing with a blight-resistant chestnut species and then backcrossing repeatedly to recover the American type and (2) transformation of American chestnut with a resistance-conferring transgene followed by propagation and conventional breeding. Several decades of effort have been invested in each approach. More work remains, but results indicate that success is within practical reach. The restoration of C. dentata to its native habitat now appears to be less a matter of time and conjecture than ever before in 90 years of work by public and private entities. The difficult and protracted task of incorporating extraspecific genes for resistance into a tree species with lethal susceptibility to a naturalized pathogen represents perhaps the most extreme of restoration challenges. Its pursuit by a small non-governmental organization supported primarily by philanthropy and volunteers may serve as a model for other species threatened by exotic pathogens or insects.
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Backcross hybrids incorporated Chinese chestnut's blight resistance while retaining the timber and nut-producing characteristics of American chestnut.
“Through careful selection for blight resistance and desirable phenotype, these backcross hybrids incorporated Chinese chestnut’s blight resistance while retaining the timber and nut-producing characteristics of American chestnut (Hebard 2005; Steiner et al. 2017).”
From Plantation performance of chestnut hybrids and progenitors on reclaimed Appalachian surface mines (2018) · cites this paper as Steiner et al. 2017
The Burnham plan section describes backcrossing Chinese and American chestnut to combine blight resistance with American chestnut character. The Progress in breeding section reports intermediate resistance in selected backcrosses and an American phenotype in 96% of B3 trees, but does not establish retention of timber- and nut-producing performance. The Genetic variation section also reports that later progeny, on average, had canker severity closer to susceptible American chestnut than to Chinese chestnut, so the claim overstates the resistance achieved. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Self-citationRandom mating populations: Hardy–Weinberg Principle
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- Authors
- Steiner, K. C., Westbrook, J. W., Hebard, F. V., Georgi, L. L., Powell, W. A., & Fitzsimmons, S. F.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- The American Chestnut Foundation (US)
- State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Steiner, Kim C.
- Venue
- New Forests
- Published
- 2016-12-10
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 317-336
- ISSN
- 0169-4286 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-5095
- OpenAlex
- W2560524150
- Cited by
- 171
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 18.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- New Forests (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Forest Insect Ecology and Management
- Keywords
- American chestnut, Castanea dentata, chestnut blight, Cryphonectria parasitica, hybridization, backcrossing, genetic transformation, transgenes, disease resistance, non-governmental organizations, philanthropy, exotic pathogens
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