Functional brain connectivity using fMRI in aging and Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
Normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) cause profound changes in the brain's structure and function. AD in particular is accompanied by widespread cortical neuronal loss, and loss of connections between brain systems. This degeneration of neural pathways disrupts the functional coherence of brain activation. Recent innovations in brain imaging have detected characteristic disruptions in functional networks. Here we review studies examining changes in functional connectivity, measured through fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), starting with healthy aging and then Alzheimer's disease. We cover studies that employ the three primary methods to analyze functional connectivity--seed-based, ICA (independent components analysis), and graph theory. At the end we include a brief discussion of other methodologies, such as EEG (electroencephalography), MEG (magnetoencephalography), and PET (positron emission tomography). We also describe multi-modal studies that combine rsfMRI (resting state fMRI) with PET imaging, as well as studies examining the effects of medications. Overall, connectivity and network integrity appear to decrease in healthy aging, but this decrease is accelerated in AD, with specific systems hit hardest, such as the default mode network (DMN). Functional connectivity is a relatively new topic of research, but it holds great promise in revealing how brain network dynamics change across the lifespan and in disease.
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Resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) has demonstrated decreased functional connectivity (FC) in AD patients versus controls.
“resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) have demonstrated decreased functional connectivity (FC) in AD patients vs. controls (Dennis and Thompson, 2014; Teipel et al., 2017).”
From Early stage alterations in white matter and decreased functional interhemispheric hippocampal connectivity in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. (2019) · cites this paper as Dennis and Thompson, 2014
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- Authors
- Dennis, E. L., & Thompson, P. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Thompson, Paul M.
- Venue
- Neuropsychology Review
- Published
- 2014-02-23
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-62
- ISSN
- 1040-7308 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6660
- PMC
- PMC4109887
- OpenAlex
- W1978408307
- Cited by
- 583
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH073526)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB008432, R01EB008281, R01EB007813, EB008281, EB 007813, EB008432, P41EB015922)
- National Center for Research Resources (P41RR013642)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- brain functional connectivity, Alzheimer's disease, healthy aging, resting-state fMRI, seed-based correlation, independent component analysis, graph theory, default mode network, multimodal neuroimaging
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid, Brain, Brain Mapping, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neural Pathways, Apolipoprotein E4, Cognitive Dysfunction
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