The DOI matches its Crossref record; 79 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Flood exposure and social vulnerability in the United States
Open accessAbstract
Human exposure to floods continues to increase, driven by changes in hydrology and land use. Adverse impacts amplify for socially vulnerable populations, who disproportionately inhabit flood-prone areas. This study explores the geography of flood exposure and social vulnerability in the conterminous United States based on spatial analysis of fluvial and pluvial flood extent, land cover, and social vulnerability. Using bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association, we map hotspots where high flood exposure and high social vulnerability converge and identify dominant indicators of social vulnerability within these places. The hotspots, home to approximately 19 million people, occur predominantly in rural areas and across the US South. Mobile homes and racial minorities are most overrepresented in hotspots compared to elsewhere. The results identify priority locations where interventions can mitigate both physical and social aspects of flood vulnerability. The variables that most distinguish the clusters are used to develop an indicator set of social vulnerability to flood exposure. Understanding who is most exposed to floods and where, can be used to tailor mitigation strategies to target those most in need.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Local Indicators of Spatial Association—LISA
Anselin, L. (1995) · Geographical Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x · Cited by 12,919
At Risk: Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability and Disasters
Wisner, B., Blaikie, P. M., Cannon, T., & Davis, I. J. (1994) · Cited by 6,286
Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards*
Cutter, S. L., Boruff, B. J., & Shirley, W. L. (2003) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1540-6237.8402002 · Cited by 5,702
Temporal and spatial changes in social vulnerability to natural hazards
Cutter, S. L., & Finch, C. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0710375105 · Cited by 1,326
Poverty and Disasters in the United States: A Review of Recent Sociological Findings
Fothergill, A., & Peek, L. A. (2004) · Natural Hazards · doi:10.1023/b:nhaz.0000026792.76181.d9 · Cited by 1,153
Social vulnerability to floods: Review of case studies and implications for measurement
Rufat, S., Tate, E., Burton, C. G., & Maroof, A. S. (2015) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.09.013 · Cited by 839
Self-citationYang, L., Jin, S., Danielson, P., Homer, C., Gass, L., Bender, S. M., Case, A., Costello, C., Dewitz, J., Fry, J., et al. (2018) · ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.09.006 · Cited by 813
Combining hazard, exposure and social vulnerability to provide lessons for flood risk management
Koks, E. E., Jongman, B., Husby, T. G., & Botzen, W. J. W. (2015) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2014.10.013 · Cited by 677
A high-resolution global flood hazard model
Sampson, C. C., Smith, A. M., Bates, P. D., Neal, J. C., Alfieri, L., & Freer, J. E. (2015) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1002/2015wr016954 · Cited by 625
Self-citationBlaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I., & Wisner, B. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203714775 · Cited by 618
Cited by
Flood Risk in Urban Areas: Modelling, Management and Adaptation to Climate Change. A Review
Cea, L., & Costabile, P. (2022) · Hydrology · doi:10.3390/hydrology9030050 · Cited by 317
Examining ecological justice within the social-ecological-technological system of New York City, USA
Pineda-Pinto, M., Herreros-Cantis, P., McPhearson, T., Frantzeskaki, N., Wang, J., & Zhou, W. (2021) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104228 · Cited by 48
Equitable buyouts? Learning from state, county, and local floodplain management programs
Shi, L., Fisher, A., Brenner, R. M., Greiner-Safi, A., Shepard, C., & Vanucchi, J. (2022) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-022-03453-5 · Cited by 45
Steinberg-McElroy, I., Tangtrakul, K., Alizadehtazi, B., Rosenzweig, B. R., Gurian, P. L., & Montalto, F. (2023) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4571518 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Tate, E., Rahman, M. A., Emrich, C. T., & Sampson, C. C.
- Venue
- Natural Hazards
- Published
- 2021-01-04
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 435-457
- ISSN
- 0921-030X (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0840
- OpenAlex
- W3119415889
- Cited by
- 447
- References
- 79
- FWCI
- 26.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Flood exposure and social vulnerability in the United States. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s11069-020-04470-2
- The paper
- Tate, E., Rahman, M. A., Emrich, C. T., & Sampson, C. C. (2021). Flood exposure and social vulnerability in the United States. Natural Hazards. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04470-2
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.