Cited by 34Origins and Evolution of LifeRNA and protein synthesis mechanismsPaleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils

Energetics of amino acid synthesis in alkaline hydrothermal environments

Kitadai, Norio·2015·Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres

Abstract

Alkaline hydrothermal systems have received considerable attention as candidates for the origin and evolution of life on the primitive Earth. Nevertheless, sufficient information has not yet been obtained for the thermodynamic properties of amino acids, which are necessary components for life, at high temperatures and alkaline pH. These properties were estimated using experimental high-temperature volume and heat capacity data reported in the literature for several amino acids, together with correlation algorithms and the revised Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers (HKF) equations of state. This approach enabled determination of a complete set of the standard molal thermodynamic data and the revised HKF parameters for the 20 protein amino acids in their zwitterionic and ionization states. The obtained dataset was then used to evaluate the energetics of amino acid syntheses from simple inorganic precursors (CO2, H2, NH3 and H2S) in a simulated alkaline hydrothermal system on the Hadean Earth. Results show that mixing between CO2-rich seawater and the H2-rich hydrothermal fluid can produce energetically favorable conditions for amino acid syntheses, particularly in the lower-temperature region of such systems. Together with data related to the pH and temperature dependences of the energetics of amino acid polymerizations presented in earlier reports, these results suggest the following. Hadean alkaline hydrothermal settings, where steep pH and temperature gradients may have existed between cool, slightly acidic Hadean ocean water and hot, alkaline hydrothermal fluids at the vent-ocean interface, may be energetically the most suitable environment for the synthesis and polymerization of amino acids.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s11084-015-9428-3

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  • Amino acid synthesis is very likely to occur under the circumstances of tectonic fault zones.

    “An example for such a process is the synthesis of amino acids which is very likely to occur under the given circumstances [12,13,14].”

    From Selection of Prebiotic Molecules in Amphiphilic Environments (2017) · cites this paper as [14]

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Authors
Kitadai, N.
Affiliations
Tokyo Institute of Technology (JP)
Corresponding author
Kitadai, Norio
Venue
Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres
Published
2015-03-22
Volume
45
Issue
4
Pages
377-409
ISSN
  • 0169-6149 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-0875
OpenAlex
W2041135598
Cited by
34
References
103
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2
FWCI
2.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (26800276, 26106003)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Keywords
amino acid synthesis, alkaline hydrothermal systems, origin of life, zwitterionic amino acids, inorganic precursors, Hadean Earth, amino acid polymerization
MeSH terms
Amino Acids, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Seawater, Thermodynamics, Evolution, Chemical, Polymerization

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