CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 47Pituitary Gland Disorders and TreatmentsGrowth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances

Evaluation of pituitary function after traumatic brain injury in childhood

Open access
Khadr, Sophie N., Crofton, Patricia M., Jones, Patricia A., Wardhaugh, Barbara, Roach, Jennifer, Drake, Amanda J., Minns, Robert A., Kelnar, Christopher J. H.·2010·Clinical Endocrinology
DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03857.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Post-traumatic hypopituitarism is well described amongst adult traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors. We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of pituitary dysfunction after head injury in childhood. DESIGN: Retrospective exploratory study. PATIENTS: 33 survivors of accidental head injury (27 boys). Mean (range) age at study was 13·4 years (5·4-21·7 years) and median (range) interval since injury 4·3 years (1·4-7·8 years). Functional outcome at study: 15 good recovery, 16 moderate disability, two severe disability. MEASUREMENTS: Early morning urine osmolality and basal hormone evaluation were followed by the gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) and insulin tolerance (n = 25) or glucagon tests (if previous seizures, n = 8). Subjects were not primed. Head injury details were extracted from patient records. RESULTS: No subject had short stature (mean height SD score +0·50, range -1·57 to +3·00). Suboptimal GH responses (<5 μg/l) occurred in six peri-pubertal boys (one with slow growth on follow-up) and one postpubertal adolescent (peak GH 3·2 μg/l). Median peak cortisol responses to insulin tolerance or glucagon tests were 538 and 562 nm. Nine of twenty-five and two of eight subjects had suboptimal responses, respectively, two with high basal cortisol levels. None required routine glucocorticoid replacement. In three, steroid cover was recommended for moderate/severe illness or injury. One boy was prolactin deficient. Other basal endocrine results and GnRH-stimulated LH and FSH were appropriate for age, sex and pubertal stage. Abnormal endocrine findings were unrelated to the severity or other characteristics of TBI or functional outcome. CONCLUSIONS: No clinically significant endocrinopathy was identified amongst survivors of accidental childhood TBI, although minor pituitary hormone abnormalities were observed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03857.x

Cites

35 of 35 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Two cross-sectional investigations published in 2010 failed to detect clinically relevant endocrine abnormalities in children following TBI.

    “In contrast, two cross-sectional investigations published in 2010 failed to detect clinically relevant endocrine abnormalities in children following TBI, suggesting that under certain clinical conditions or within specific cohorts, measurable hormonal dysfunction may not invariably occur [21,22].”

    From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [22]

  • Khadr et al. observed inadequate peak cortisol responses in nine children, including three with significantly reduced stimulated levels, two of whom also had low baseline cortisol.

    “Similarly, Khadr et al. observed inadequate peak cortisol responses in nine children, including three with significantly reduced stimulated levels, two of whom also had low baseline cortisol [22].”

    From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [22]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Khadr, S. N., Crofton, P. M., Jones, P. A., Wardhaugh, B., Roach, J., Drake, A. J., Minns, R. A., & Kelnar, C. J. H.
Affiliations
  • Royal Hospital for Sick Children (GB)
  • University of Edinburgh (GB)
Corresponding author
Khadr, Sophie N.
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Endocrinology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2010-08-02
Volume
73
Issue
5
Pages
637-643
ISSN
  • 0300-0664 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2265
DOI
10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03857.x
OpenAlex
W2107137258
Cited by
47
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 9
FWCI
4.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Clinical Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Keywords
traumatic brain injury, pediatric head injury, post-traumatic hypopituitarism, pituitary function, growth hormone deficiency, cortisol response, insulin tolerance test, glucagon stimulation test, prolactin deficiency, gonadotropin deficiency, endocrine dysfunction, unintentional injuries
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Brain Injuries, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Glucagon, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Insulin, Male, Pituitary Gland, Pituitary Hormones, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Retrospective Studies, Human Growth Hormone

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review