GH deficiency after traumatic brain injury: Improvement in quality of life with GH therapy: Analysis of the KIMS database
Abstract
Objective: Prevalence of GH deficiency (GHD) caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly variable. Short-term studies show improvement in quality of life (QoL) during GH replacement (GHR), but long-term data are lacking. The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical characteristics of post-traumatic hypopituitarism and the QoL effects of long-term GHR. Design/methods: Pfizer International Metabolic Database patients with GHD caused by TBI and by non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) were compared regarding: clinical characteristics at baseline and 1-year of GHR, and QoL response up to 8-years of GHR (QoL-AGHDA total scores and dimensions) in relationship with country-specific norms. Results: TBI patients compared with NFPA patients were younger, diagnosed with GHD 2.4 years later after primary disease onset (P<0.0001), had a higher incidence of isolated GHD, higher GH peak, a more favourable metabolic profile and worse QoL, were shorter by 0.9 cm (1.8 cm when corrected for age and gender; P=0.004) and received higher GH dose (mean difference: 0.04 mg/day P=0.006). In TBI patients, 1-year improvement in QoL was greater than in NFPA (change in QoL-AGHDA score 5.0 vs 3.5, respectively, P=0.04) and was sustained over 8 years. In TBI patients, socialisation normalised after 1 year of GHR, self-confidence and tenseness after 6 years and no normalisation of tiredness and memory was observed. Conclusion: Compared with NFPA, TBI patients presented biochemically with less severe hypopituitarism and worse QoL scores. GHR achieved clinically relevant, long-term benefit in QoL.
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Data from the KIMS database revealed that children with TBI were diagnosed with GHD at a younger age compared to those with non-functioning pituitary adenomas.
“Data from the KIMS database revealed that children with TBI were diagnosed with GHD at a younger age compared to those with non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) [28].”
From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [28]
Studies of GH replacement in post-TBI GHD demonstrate benefits in quality of life and cognition.
“Studies of GH replacement in post-TBI GHD demonstrate benefits in quality of life [60 · , 61] and cognition [62 · ]”
From Neuroendocrine Disruptions Following Head Injury (2023) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Gardner, C. J., Mattsson, A. F., Daousi, C., Korbonits, M., Koltowska-Haggstrom, M., & Cuthbertson, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Cuthbertson, Daniel J
- Venue
- European Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 371-381
- ISSN
- 0804-4643 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-683X
- OpenAlex
- W2151158867
- Semantic Scholar
- 9d5e9532d01f47dc8252b2706ab2bfff282df518
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 7.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- growth hormone deficiency, traumatic brain injury, growth hormone replacement therapy, quality of life, post-traumatic hypopituitarism, non-functioning pituitary adenoma, long-term outcomes, socialization, self-confidence, fatigue, memory
- MeSH terms
- Adenoma, Adult, Brain Injuries, Female, Humans, Hypopituitarism, Male, Middle Aged, Pituitary Neoplasms, Quality of Life, Databases, Factual, Human Growth Hormone, Hormone Replacement Therapy
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