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Acceptance and Commitment: Implications for Prevention Science
Open accessAbstract
Recent research in behavior analysis and clinical psychology points to the importance of language processes having to do with the control of negative cognition and emotion and the commitment to valued action. Efforts to control unwanted thoughts and feelings, also referred to as experiential avoidance (EA), appear to be associated with a diverse array of psychological and behavioral difficulties. Recent research shows that interventions that reduce EA and help people to identify and commit to the pursuit of valued directions are beneficial for ameliorating diverse problems in living. These developments have the potential to improve the efficacy of many preventive interventions. This paper reviews the basic findings in these areas and points to some ways in which these developments could enhance the impact of preventive interventions.
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“and studies of CBT demonstrate improvement in depression, anxiety, and negative affect,65,72”
From Are smoking cessation treatments associated with suicidality risk? An overview (2016) · cites this paper as [65]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“On the other hand, what is considered as a key factor in social anxiety disorder (Biglan, Hayes, & Pistorello, 2008) and leads to the continuation or persistence and intensification of the disorder is lack of psychological flexibility”
From Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Interpersonal Problemsand Psychological Flexibility in Female High School Students With Social Anxiety Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Biglan, Hayes, & Pistorello, 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“More so than for its effectiveness, we included ACT in this study as ACT is explicitly aligned with many elements of both mental health dimensions.”
From Both positive mental health and psychopathology should be monitored in psychotherapy: Confirmation for the dual-factor model in acceptance and commitment therapy (2017) · cites this paper as Biglan, Hayes, & Pistorello, 2008
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“A powerful possible target for a transdiagnostic prevention approach is psychological flexibility,17–19”
From Feasibility of a Prototype Web-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Prevention Program for College Students. (2014) · cites this paper as [17]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The unique and ultimate goal of ACT is to promote one’s psychological flexibility as a critical process of human adaptation and well-being [20].”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Destructive Experiential Avoidance (ACT-DEA): A Feasibility Study (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
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“there is an extensive literature base demonstrating that this adaptive skill set is broadly beneficial to individual health and functioning [50] (including anxiety, depression, physical health outcomes, satisfaction with life, and work performance [47,72,103]).”
From Evaluation of an App-Delivered Psychological Flexibility Skill Training Intervention for Medical Student Burnout and Well-being: Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [103]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“It was also demonstrated that flexibility ameliorates the negative consequences of stressors on mental health [76,77].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“It can also be considered central to human adaptation, well-being, and life satisfaction [76,77].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“We believe that EA is a negative reinforcement process [49].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These studies also showed that the improvements in treatment groups were explained (mediated) by a common mechanism of action, reduced emotional and cognitive avoidance.16”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for adult type 1 diabetes management: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
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In the citing paper
“Correlational and experimental evidence indicates that experiential avoidance, as the converse of acceptance, contributes to the development and maintenance of different psychological and behavioral problems [32].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A diathesis-stress model of experiential avoidance has been proposed, suggesting that experiential avoidance makes people vulnerable to stressors, in that individuals who typically try to avoid internal distressing experiences may continue this approach when faced with stressful life events (Biglan, Hayes, & Pistorello, 2008).”
From Psychological Flexibility in Caregivers of Children With Congenital Craniofacial Conditions in the United Kingdom. (2026) · cites this paper as Biglan, Hayes, & Pistorello, 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In particular, there is increasing interest in the theory and practice of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT; Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999), not only as a treatment for a range of psychological and behavioural problems, but also for promoting workplace mental health (Biglan, Hayes, & Pistorello, 2008; Bond & Bunce, 2000; Hayes, Bissett et al., 2004).”
From A randomised worksite comparison of acceptance and commitment therapy and stress inoculation training (2010) · cites this paper as Biglan, Hayes, & Pistorello, 2008
In the citing paper
“Second, these results are consistent with the view that the processes designed to promote psychological flexibility will apply across a wide range of psychological and behavioural difficulties (Biglan, Hayes, & Pistorello, 2008; Hayes et al., 2006).”
From A randomised worksite comparison of acceptance and commitment therapy and stress inoculation training (2010) · cites this paper as Biglan, Hayes, & Pistorello, 2008
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Citations
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BackgroundContingency Horizon: on Private Events and the Analysis of Behavior
Leigland, S. (2014) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/s40614-014-0002-5 · Cited by 16
“Evidence also suggests that ACT training may have productive effects on social relations, such as social stigma and prejudice (e.g., Biglan 2009; Biglan et al. 2008; Hayes et al. 2004), and may suggest significant applications at the community level (e.g., Biglan and Hinds 2009).”
BackgroundHildebrandt, M. J., & Hayes, S. C. (2012) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012.00448.x · Cited by 15
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“Cognitive reappraisal refers to the act of actively modifying the meaning of a situation or/and its situational goal typically before one’s emotion fully arises (Gross & John, 2003), while acceptance involves letting reactions proceed without any forms of resistance (Biglan et al., 2008).”
Exploring mental distress among immigrant mothers participating in parent training
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Bethge, M., Thome-Soós, F., Rašo, L. M., Weier, L., & Benninghoven, D. (2023) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-023-03272-1 · Cited by 7
“This group includes seven 90-minute sessions and is based on acceptance and commitment therapy [14, 22, 23].”
BackgroundØstergaard, T., Lundgren, T., Zettle, R., Jonassen, R., Harmer, C. J., Stiles, T. C., Landrø, N. I., & Haaland, V. Ø. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2515-9 · Cited by 10
“Psychological flexibility, in turn, is strengthened through the six core processes of (1) acceptance, (2) defusion, (3) self as context, (4) committed action, (5) values, and (6) contact with the present moment [32].”
InfluentialBrief report on experiential avoidance and valuing in at-risk adolescents
Murrell, A. R., & Kapadia, V. (2011) · Behavioral Development Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0100600 · Cited by 12
“The first process involves “stressful events making experiential avoidance more likely,” and the second process involves “experiential avoidance leading to poor outcomes (including more stress)” (Biglan et al., 2008, p. 141).”
BackgroundAydın, Y., & Aydın, G. (2020) · Pamukkale University Journal of Education · doi:10.9779/pauefd.584565 · Cited by 11
Roslyakova, T., Falco, M.-A., & Gauchet, A. (2021) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2020.1856844 · Cited by 10
“Psychological flexibility refers to ‘the ability to contact the present moment more fully as a conscious human being and to change, or persist in, behaviour when doing so serves valued ends’ (Biglan et al., 2008).”
BackgroundAcceptance and Commitment Training in the Workplace
Flaxman, P. E., Prudenzi, A., & Zernerova, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197550076.013.19 · Cited by 11
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“써 정신건강문제를 예방하고 효과적으로 치료할 수 있는 방법으로 제시되고 있다[22,39].”
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“which people become more vulnerable to a variety of stressors (Biglan et al., 2008),”
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“ACT focuses on the context of psychological experiences (thoughts, feelings, and sensations), rather than on symptoms, and stresses acceptance, as opposed to avoidance, and how one relates to emotions rather than attempting to change them [45–49].”
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“…et al., 1999), which, when applied to a health promotion context (Zhang et al., 2018), is a cultivation of mindfulness and acceptance strategies resulting in psychological flexibility (i.e. ability to contact the present moment, and engage in behaviors serving valued ends) (Biglan et al., 2008).”
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“…preventive treatment program that delivers culturally, linguistically, and contextually sensitive services and treatment to ameliorate such challenging overt and covert behaviors (Biglan et al., 2008; Biglan & Hays, 1996; Hamari et al., 2021; Thor et al., 2022; Williams, 2021, Yasui et al., 2021).”
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Herbert, J. D., & Brandsma, L. L. (2015) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483385822.n5 · Cited by 8
“Biglan, Hayes, and Pistorello (2008) propose that interventions targeting experiential avoidance might be useful in prevention programs for parent training, adolescent peer influence, substance abuse, depression, and burnout among those in high-stress occupations.”
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“However, this contextual intervention attempts to alter the undesirable functions of private events rather than trying to alter their form or frequency (e.g. Biglan et al., 2008).”
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“…model of experiential avoidance has been proposed, suggesting that experiential avoidance makes people vulnerable to stressors, in that individuals who typically try to avoid internal distressing experiences may continue this approach when faced with stressful life events (Biglan et al., 2008).”
بررسی تأثیر درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر افسردگی و اضطراب زنان مبتلا به سرطان پستان
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“Several psychological constructs such as metacognitive beliefs (Kraft et al., 2017), psychological flexibility (Biglan et al., 2008; Kashdan and Rottenberg, 2010; Whiting et al., 2017; Gentili et al., 2019), resilience (Genet and Siemer, 2011; Kalisch et al., 2015; Hildebrandt et al., 2016), and…”
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A preliminary trial of ACT skills training for aggressive behavior
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Design and Evaluation of Online and Mobile Applications for Stress Management and Healthy Eating
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A Functional Contextualist Approach to Cultural Evolution
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“ACT is, therefore, recommended as a promising preventive strategy (Biglan et al., 2008), since the promotion of psychological flexibility is the key outcome.”
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“Biglan 등[43]은 경험회피가 다양한 스트레 스 상황에서 어떤 힘든 경험도 ‘도저히 견댈 수 없는’ 것으로 융합시 켜, 자기-증폭적 노력(self-ampulifying efforts)속으로 빠져들게 하 여 더욱 고통스러운 경험으로 지속시킴으로써 정신병리와 행동적 문 제를 일으킨다고 하였다.”
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“And fourth, they promote psychological flexibility, which involves the pragmatic and resilient pursuit of one’s values even in the face of significant psychological and environmental obstacles (e.g., Biglan et al. 2008).”
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Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Inside Behavior Analysis
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“…and cultural context), it is still valuable to learn how a client’s mental health could be supplemented with approaches that are within the scope of competence for a behavior analyst with related expertise (e.g., in acceptance and commitment training, see Biglan et al., 2008; Livheim et al., 2015).”
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Human Centered Development of a Web-based Intervention for the Prevention of Depression
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“Acceptance means that all fluctuations of feelings, emotions and experiences and welcomed as they arise without the aim to deny them (Biglan et al., 2008; Blackledge and Barnes-Holmes, 2009) and contact with the present moment is a perquisite for embracing and recognizing all experiences.”
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Estigma sentido en personas con VIH positivo propuesta de intervención analítica conductual
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Aktuelle Weiterentwicklungen der Verhaltenstherapie: Akzeptanz- und Commitment-Therapie (ACT)
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“Acceptance refers to recognizing and actively accepting a situation rather than changing the situation, when an individual is put in a situation that may pose a psychological threat to the person [7].”
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Beyond the Tag: A Parent Training Experience in the Healthcare Field
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“A nurturing environment (Biglan and Hinds 2009) is one that (a) minimizes biologically and psychologically toxic conditions; (b) models and richly reinforces prosocial, self-regulated behavior; (c) sets effective limits on antisocial behavior; and (d) promotes a psychologically flexible orientation marked by a pragmat…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Biglan, A., Hayes, S. C., & Pistorello, J.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Research Institute (US)
- University of Nevada, Reno (US)
- Corresponding author
- Biglan, Anthony
- Venue
- Prevention Science
- Published
- 2008-08-09
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 139-152
- ISSN
- 1389-4986 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6695
- PMC
- PMC2727477
- OpenAlex
- W2090211322
- Semantic Scholar
- 083b59b6411c8db418bb66ff1bda2cb60f66af6b
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 143
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 10.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Prevention Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (PA018760)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH074968, R21MH074968)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P30DA018760, R01DA017868, DA018760, DA017868)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- acceptance and commitment therapy, experiential avoidance, prevention interventions, valued action, negative thinking, emotion regulation, intrusive thoughts
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Avoidance Learning, Behavior, Behavior Therapy, Humans, Models, Psychological, Preventive Medicine, Psychology, Social, Behavioral Research
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