The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 81 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Determinants of generalized trust: A cross-country comparison
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“imbued societal interactions with a nonhierarchical quality that allowed social trust to flourish [33,34]”
From Trust, transparency, and openness: How inclusion of cultural values shapes Nordic national public policy strategies for artificial intelligence (AI) (2020) · cites this paper as [34]
Citations
Cites
Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community
(2000) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.38-2454 · Cited by 28,723
Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital
Coleman, J. S. (1988) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/228943 · Cited by 26,975
Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital
Coleman, J. S. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-7222-1.50005-2 · Cited by 21,751
Making democracy work: civic traditions in modern Italy
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-6408 · Cited by 14,338
Putnam, R. D., Leonardi, R., & Nanetti, R. Y. (1994) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400820740 · Cited by 12,946
Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy
Stern, F., & Putnam, R. D. (1993) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20045657 · Cited by 11,292
Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity
Schneider, P. A., & Fukuyama, F. (1996) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1251846 · Cited by 10,493
The colonial origins of comparative development: An empirical investigation
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., & Robinson, J. A. (2001) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.91.5.1369 · Cited by 8,517
Journal of Economic Literature
Durlauf, S. N. (2019) · AEA Papers and Proceedings · doi:10.1257/pandp.109.633 · Cited by 7,666
Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross-Country Investigation
Knack, S., & Keefer, P. (1997) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355300555475 · Cited by 7,484
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Bauman, Z. (1998). Globalisation. The human consequences. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
- CIA. (2003). The CIA world factbook 2003. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency.
- Lovatt, C., & Lovatt, D. News from Romania. Central Europe Review 3.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 956
Dinesen, P. T., & Sønderskov, K. M. (2012) · Politica · doi:10.7146/politica.v44i1.69939 · Cited by 11
Dimensions of Ethnic Diversity and Underground Economic Activity: Cross-country Evidence
Berdiev, A. N., Goel, R. K., & Saunoris, J. W. (2020) · Public Finance Review · doi:10.1177/1091142120901501 · Cited by 11
Bjørnskov, C., & Kurrild-Klitgaard, P. (2014) · Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics JITE · doi:10.1628/093245614x13946249258832 · Cited by 11
Cooperation makes beliefs: Weather variation and social trust in Vietnam
Dang, D. A., & Dang, V. A. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics · doi:10.1016/j.socec.2021.101669 · Cited by 11
Robbins, B. G. (2021) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/00491241211055765 · Cited by 13
“…informal social ties, religious communities, and political institutions are robust, generalized trust tends to fl ourish (Berggren and Jordahl 2006; Bjørnskov 2007; Brehm and Rahn 1997; Delhey and Newton 2005; Dinesen 2012a, 2012b, 2013; Dinesen and Hooghe 2010; Fairbrother and Martin 2013;…”
Background"In others we trust": Finland and Norway – High Trust Societies in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Hedenigg, S. (2021) · Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies · doi:10.24926/ijps.v8i2.4340 · Cited by 11
Inequality and Trust: Testing a Mediating Relationship for Environmental Sustainability
Kemp-Benedict, E. J. (2013) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su5020779 · Cited by 11
“Following Uslaner [1,2] and Bjørnskov [29], this paper takes the answer to the survey question, ―Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you need to be very careful in dealing with people?”
BackgroundInfluentialAn empirical examination of the determinants of trust in Ghana
Sulemana, I., & Issifu, I. (2015) · International Journal of Social Economics · doi:10.1108/ijse-03-2014-0060 · Cited by 11
The Mesh of Civilizations and International Email FlowsPreprint
State, B., Park, P. S., Weber, I. G., Mejova, Y., & Macy, M. W. (2013) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1303.0045 · Cited by 13
“The cultural variables we consider include Hofstede’s [25] PowerDistance (PDI), Individualism (IDV), Masculinity (MAS) and Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI), and Bjornskov’s generalized trust index [9].”
MethodOver the rainbow: Sexual minorities' bonding and bridging social capital and civic engagement
Lee, Y. (2022) · Nonprofit Management and Leadership · doi:10.1002/nml.21535 · Cited by 11
On Rule of Law, Civic Virtues, Trust, and Happiness
Graafland, J. (2023) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-023-10163-2 · Cited by 7
Building bridges of trust: Impact of regional digital financial inclusion on social capital in China
Lan, J., Liu, Y., Pan, Y., & Peng, Z. (2024) · Journal of Regional Science · doi:10.1111/jors.12708 · Cited by 10
Trust and Public Service Motivation
Kim, S. H., & Kim, S. (2024) · Public Performance & Management Review · doi:10.1080/15309576.2024.2377595 · Cited by 12
“Generalized trust differs from particularized trust in that it extends to people with whom we have no direct relationship, in some cases even without any information (Bjørnskov, 2007).”
Cooperation under democracy and authoritarian norms
Vollan, B., Zhou, Y., Landmann, A., Hu, B., & Herrmann‐Pillath, C. (2013) · Cited by 9
Individual trust and quality of regional government
Lombardo, R., & Ricotta, F. (2021) · Journal of Institutional Economics · doi:10.1017/s1744137421000801 · Cited by 10
“Bjørnskov, 2010) or a reciprocal relationship (e.g. Robbins, 2012). Among studies adopting a multilevel strategy, Wang and Gordon (2011) estimate to what extent the variance in reported trust is due to individual specificities and how much depends on the country itself. By using the Fraser Institute’s Legal System and…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMallick, H., Padhi, B., & Mishra, U. S. (2023) · Journal of Government and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jge.2023.100080 · Cited by 10
Social trust, norms and morality
Popper, M. (2013) · Human Affairs · doi:10.2478/s13374-013-0140-6 · Cited by 13
Family firms and the cost of borrowing: empirical evidence from East Asia
Godlewski, C. J., & Le, N. H. (2021) · Research in International Business and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101570 · Cited by 10
The gender gap in trust in Banks
Heyert, A., & Weill, L. (2023) · Research in International Business and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.ribaf.2023.102032 · Cited by 10
HIV and Income Inequality: If There Is a Link, What Does It Tell Us?
Holmqvist, G. (2009) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 10
Political decision of risk reduction: the role of trust
Jeleva, M., & Rossignol, S. (2008) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/s11127-008-9380-0 · Cited by 10
Morreale, S. P., & Shockley‐Zalabak, P. (2014) · Journal of Intercultural Communication Research · doi:10.1080/17475759.2014.989255 · Cited by 10
“Bjornskov (2007) agrees and says that post-communist countries are less trusting than comparable countries.”
BackgroundResultIncentive for risk sharing and trust formation: experimental and survey evidence from Bangladesh
Shoji, M. (2018) · Oxford Economic Papers · doi:10.1093/oep/gpy019 · Cited by 10
Do justice and trust affect acceptability of Indonesian social health insurance policy?
Zein, R. A., Putri, N. K., & Ridlo, I. A. (2020) · International Journal of Health Governance · doi:10.1108/ijhg-05-2019-0028 · Cited by 10
LEARNING EFFECT AND SOCIAL CAPITAL: A CASE STUDY OF NATURAL DISASTER FROM JAPANPreprint
Yamamura, E. (2008) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 10
Inequality of Subjective Well-Being as a Comprehensive Measure of Inequality
Goff, L., Helliwell, J. R., & Mayraz, G. (2016) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w21900 · Cited by 11
Guillén, M. F. (2018) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/soy037 · Cited by 9
Financialization, religion, and social trust in rural China
Yin, W., Kirkulak-Uludag, B., & Matthews, K. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240114 · Cited by 9
Quality of Government and Social Trust
Dinesen, P. T., & Sønderskov, K. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198858218.013.26 · Cited by 11
Liu, J., Škorić, M. M., & Li, C. (2023) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2023.2178830 · Cited by 11
“…the COVID-19 pandemic), general political attitudes (e.g. political trust and political e ffi cacy) and cultural beliefs (e.g. authoritarianism and individualism) are more stable over time and deeply rooted in the social and legal system (Bjørnskov 2007; Chanley, Rudolph, and Rahn 2000; Keele 2007).”
BackgroundMcDonnell, E. M. (2016) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0010414015626441 · Cited by 9
“…research associates ethnolinguistic diversity with myriad negative outcomes: more corruption (Mauro, 1995) and conflict (Collier & Hoeffler, 2004); reduced social trust (Bjørnskov, 2007), redistribution (Dahlberg, Edmark, & Lundqvist, 2012), and public goods (Alesina, Baqir, & Easterly, 1999).”
BackgroundDevelopment of trust in the CEO-chair relationship
Koskinen, S., & Lämsä, A. (2017) · Baltic Journal of Management · doi:10.1108/bjm-02-2017-0029 · Cited by 9
A Global Examination of Cognitive Trust in Business-to-Business Relationships
Graça, S. S., & Barry, J. M. (2019) · Advances in business marketing & purchasing/Advances in business marketing and purchasing · doi:10.1108/s1069-096420190000026005 · Cited by 9
Banting, K. G., Harell, A., Kymlicka, W., & Wallace, R. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198842545.003.0012 · Cited by 9
McCall, J., Bussing, A., Hoyman, M., & Paarlberg, L. E. (2020) · Journal of Public Policy · doi:10.1017/s0143814x20000227 · Cited by 8
Social trust as an individual characteristic or societal property?
Kim, S. H., & Kim, S. (2020) · International Review of Public Administration · doi:10.1080/12294659.2020.1834677 · Cited by 10
“This differs from particularized trust essentially in that it extends to those with whom we have no direct relationship, even without any information in some cases (Bjørnskov, 2007).”
BackgroundTrust in Collective Entrepreneurship in the Context of the Development of Rural Areas in Poland
Sieczko, L., Parzonko, A. J., & Sieczko, A. (2021) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture11111151 · Cited by 9
The Trade Effect of Trust: Evidence from Agricultural Trade between China and Its Partners
Chen, H., & Qi, C. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14020729 · Cited by 9
“The level of trust in a country (region) develops slowly and can be considered to remain unchanged in the short term [26], so the score in each survey cycle can represent the trust level in each year of the corresponding cycle.”
BackgroundDo government activities increase public compliance in the Covid-19 pandemic? Evidence from Vietnam
Thành, P. T., & Tùng, L. T. (2022) · Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication · doi:10.1108/gkmc-08-2021-0137 · Cited by 9
Does trust in government improve Covid-19’s crisis management?
Apeti, A. E. (2022) · SN Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43545-022-00505-6 · Cited by 9
“Attitudes of trust and other cultural and institutional traits may surprisingly persist for a long time (Acemoglu et al., 2001; Algan and Cahuc, 2007; Bjørnskov, 2007; Dearmon and Grier, 2009; Tabellini, 2010).”
BackgroundLife is a battlefield: Conceptualizations of life among Hungarian Adults
Benczes, R., & Ságvári, B. (2018) · Society and Economy · doi:10.1556/204.2018.40.4.6 · Cited by 9
“…above, there are some tentative results from sociology in the form of cross-national value surveys (on their history and application see e.g. Bjørnskov 2006; Hofstede 2001; Inglehart 1997; Knack – Keefer 1997; Pryor 2005), such as the World Values Survey, that do corroborate some of these…”
ResultStaubli, S. (2017) · transcript Verlag eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783839437827 · Cited by 9
Culture in Risk, Regret, Maximization, Social Trust, and Life SatisfactionPreprint
Statman, M. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 9
Judicial Independence in the EU – A PuzzlePreprint
Gutmann, J., & Voigt, S. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2963028 · Cited by 9
Social trust and corporate qualitative disclosure: evidence from tone management in MD&A
Du, Y., & Kuo, N. (2023) · Accounting Forum · doi:10.1080/01559982.2023.2268447 · Cited by 8
“In particular, our study explores the generalized trust among people without direct contact, which differs from private trust between two parties with prior connection or familiarity (Bjørnskov, 2007).”
Park, J., & Joshanloo, M. (2024) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajsp.12617 · Cited by 8
Kirby, N. (2025) · Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy · doi:10.1080/13698230.2025.2528380 · Cited by 8
“As Christian Bjørnskov states, ‘[i]n other words, the national trust scores [by reference to the question above] measure the extent to which people in a country can in general be expected to “do the right thing”’ (Bjornskov, 2007, p. 3).”
Sudo, N. (2017) · Journal of Mathematical Sociology · doi:10.1080/0022250x.2017.1387857 · Cited by 8
“Previous studies have clarified that diversity in a society might have negative effects on the level of generalized trust (Bjørnskov, 2007; Coffé & Geys, 2006; Hooghe, 2007; Kesler & Bloemraad, 2010; Letki, 2008; Figure 4.”
BackgroundSpatial geographies, socio-demographic factors and social trust in women's organisations in Africa
Oboro-Offerie, R. A., & Busia, K. A. (2022) · Women s Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2022.102593 · Cited by 8
Heß, M., Schmitz, W., Naegele, L., & Stiemke, P. (2023) · Journal of Family Research · doi:10.20377/jfr-854 · Cited by 8
How socially sustainable multinational banks promote financial inclusion in developing countries
Mellina, F. Ú., Méndez, Á., Forcadell, F. J., & Vázquez, B. L. (2024) · Research in International Business and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102470 · Cited by 8
Religiöse Diversität und Sozialintegration im internationalen Vergleich
Traunmüller, R. (2013) · KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie · doi:10.1007/s11577-013-0233-6 · Cited by 8
Multivariate analysis of the effect of income inequality on health, social capital, and happiness
d’Hombres, B., Leandro, E., & Weber, A. (2013) · Joint Research Centre (European Commission) · doi:10.2788/68427 · Cited by 8
Socio-cultural Cleavages in Europe
Bodor, Á., Grünhut, Z., & Horeczki, R. (2014) · Regional Statistics · doi:10.15196/rs04207 · Cited by 13
Trust and the wealth of nations
Gür, N. (2015) · Progress in Development Studies · doi:10.1177/1464993414565529 · Cited by 8
“Bjørnskov (2010) argues that trust might affect the quality of institutions through the demand of voters (electoral). Trust makes individual more civic. Such civicness leads to higher political accountability because civic individuals follow political actions carefully, acquire and share political information more and…”
BackgroundInfluentialSituational Contracting: Building Reciprocity between Rights and Obligations
Wolfson, D. J. (2012) · Governance · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0491.2012.01595.x · Cited by 8
What Determines Social Capital? Evidence from Slavery’s Legacy in the United States and Brazil
Uttermark, M. J. (2019) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/soz116 · Cited by 8
“Scholars have long found a negative relationship between inequality and measures of social capital (Knack and Zak 2003; Uslaner, ch. 4 2002; Rothstein and Uslaner 2005; Bjørnskov 2007; Soss and Jacobs 2009).”
BackgroundIs confidence in major companies rooted in generalized social trust, or regulatory quality, or both?
Leibrecht, M., & Pitlik, H. (2019) · Journal of Institutional Economics · doi:10.1017/s1744137419000699 · Cited by 8
Trust and the protection of property rights: evidence from global regions
Chung, K. H., & Kwon, H. Y. (2021) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/s11127-021-00901-1 · Cited by 8
“Furthermore, while citing studies by Uslaner (2002, 2008) and Bjørnskov (2007), they argue that trust from 1980 to 2005 has been stable for the majority of countries worldwide.”
BackgroundMin-jiang, J., & Wan, C. (2021) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/jbim-03-2021-0164 · Cited by 8
From peaks to people: The association between physical topography and generalized trust in China
Xu, L., Zeng, S., Jiang, Z., Sun, Z., Li, H., & Xu, L. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102136 · Cited by 9
Organizational Social Capital and Generalized Trust in Korea
Son, J. (2015) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764215580611 · Cited by 8
“Last, given that religiosity is often related to generalized trust (Bjørnskov, 2007), a set of religiosity variables is included taking “no religion” as the reference: Buddhist.”
BackgroundPolillo, S. (2012) · International Journal of Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1177/0020715212448666 · Cited by 9
“…this bias towards richer countries is that cases like China, India, Iran and Indonesia (populous, poor countries) have to be eliminated from the sample because of missing data on crucial indicators and, in the cases of China and Iran, also because they constitute extreme outliers (Bjørnskov, 2006).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSpina, N. (2017) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2017.1285693 · Cited by 8
“Trust is normally conceptualised along two distinct dimensions: particularised and generalised (Newton 1997; Uslaner 2002; Bjørnskov 2007; Freitag and Traunmüller 2009).”
BackgroundSocial Capital and Relative Income Concerns: Evidence from 26 CountriesPreprint
Fischer, J. A. V., & Torgler, B. (2007) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.971575 · Cited by 8
How Civil War Experience Affects Dimensions of Social Trust in a Cross-National ComparisonPreprint
Traunmüller, R., Born, D., & Freitag, M. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2545816 · Cited by 8
Societal Trust and the Economic Behavior of Non-Profit OrganizationsPreprint
Felix, R., Gaynor, G., Pevzner, M. B., & Williams, J. L. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2799466 · Cited by 8
Social Capital and Relative Income Concerns: Evidence from 26 CountriesPreprint
Fischer, J. A. V., & Torgler, B. (2008) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 8
Commodity Taxation and Regulatory CompetitionPreprint
Moriconi, S., Picard, P. M., & Zanaj, S. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2680245 · Cited by 8
The morality of markets in theory and empirics
Choi, G. S., & Storr, V. H. (2023) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2023.09.019 · Cited by 7
Political crisis and social trust: the case of Australia
Kumove, M. (2024) · Australian Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1080/10361146.2024.2352044 · Cited by 7
“1 The possible determinants of social trust have therefore received a great deal of attention, ranging from country-level cultural factors (Bjørnskov 2007; Delhey and Newton 2005; Uslaner 2002) to individual life experiences (Glanville and Paxton 2007; Hardin 1992; Laurence 2015).”
The pricing of green bonds: Does social capital matter? Evidence from China
Chen, H., Meng, Y., Ning, X., & Qi, Y. (2024) · Finance research letters · doi:10.1016/j.frl.2024.105756 · Cited by 7
Groups and information disclosure: evidence on the Olson and Putnam hypotheses in Japan
Yamamura, E. (2012) · International Journal of Social Economics · doi:10.1108/03068291211224928 · Cited by 7
Голева, М. А., & Pavlutkin, I. (2016) · Journal of Economic Sociology · doi:10.17323/1726-3247-2016-1-83-98 · Cited by 7
Inclusion in Times of Covid-19
Powell, A. (2020) · Inter-American Development Bank eBooks · doi:10.18235/0002529 · Cited by 3
The role of generalized trust in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance
Eisnecker, P., Kroh, M., & Kühne, S. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278854 · Cited by 7
The Geography of Facebook Groups in the United States
Herdağdelen, A., Adamic, L. A., & State, B. (2023) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v17i1.22151 · Cited by 7
“Generalized trust is typically measured attitudinally, at the individual level – the relevance of this indicator being bolstered by the inclusion of a generalized trust question in the World Values Survey.”
BackgroundInfluentialGaming Together: When an Imaginary World Affects Generalized Trust
Lundmark, S. (2014) · Journal of Information Technology & Politics · doi:10.1080/19331681.2014.972602 · Cited by 7
“…1993; Putnam, 2007; Rothstein & Stolle, 2008; Stolle, 2001; Stolle & Rochon, 1998), the cultural-based trust theories argue that generalized trust remains relatively stable throughout an individual’s lifetime (Bjørnskov, 2006; Cesarini et al., 2008; Delhey & Newton, 2005; Uslaner, 2002, 2008).”
BackgroundCorporatism and Social Trust: Bringing Voluntary Organizations ‘Back In’
Torpe, L. (2014) · Journal of Civil Society · doi:10.1080/17448689.2014.922748 · Cited by 7
Park, H.-B. (2015) · International Review of Public Administration · doi:10.1080/12294659.2015.1067952 · Cited by 8
“2002) and subjective life satisfaction (Bjornskov, 2006) across nations, every country can have its own unique pattern of government trust.”
BackgroundThe divorce revolution and generalized trust: Evidence from the United States 1973–2010
Viitanen, T. K. (2014) · International Review of Law and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.irle.2014.02.001 · Cited by 7
Minorities and Mistrust: The Cushioning Impact of Social Contacts and Institutional Fairness
Kumlin, S., & Rothstein, B. (2008) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University) · Cited by 7
Institutions of economic freedom and generalized trust: evidence from the Eurobarometer surveys
Saravia, A. (2016) · European Societies · doi:10.1080/14616696.2015.1134800 · Cited by 7
“Several authors have found a positive relationship between GDP per capita and generalized trust (e.g. Knack and Keefer 1997; Alesina and La Ferrara 2002) but others have failed to find such result (e.g. Bjørnskov 2005; Uslaner 2002).”
BackgroundContractual frictions and the patterns of trade: The role of generalized trust
Ndubuisi, G. O. (2020) · Journal of International Trade & Economic Development · doi:10.1080/09638199.2020.1745259 · Cited by 8
“However, numerous studies have underscored it as the core of social capital, affecting different economic, social and political activities and outcomes (Bjørnskov, 2006).”
BackgroundMekinjić, B., Grujić, M., & Vujičić-Stefanović, D. (2020) · Ekonomika preduzeca · doi:10.5937/ekopre2004269m · Cited by 7
Beilmann, M., Lilleoja, L., & Realo, A. (2021) · Societies and political orders in transition · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75813-4_2 · Cited by 7
“…between European countries (Beilmann, Kööts-Ausmees & Realo, 2018; Beilmann & Lilleoja, 2015; Neller, 2008; Newton, 2004), with people in the former Eastern Bloc countries being generally less trusting than people in Western, and most notably, Northern parts of Europe (Bjørnskov, 2007).”
InfluentialHörisch, F., & Obert, P. (2020) · Social Policy and Administration · doi:10.1111/spol.12590 · Cited by 7
Historical Correlates of Social TrustPreprint
Bjørnskov, C. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1817540 · Cited by 7
Historical Trust Levels Predict Current Welfare State DesignPreprint
Bergh, A., & Bjørnskov, C. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1516334 · Cited by 7
“Bjørnskov (2007) nevertheless demonstrates that populations in monarchies are substantially more trusting than otherwise.”
BackgroundMethodThe Welfare Effects of Social Mobility: An Analysis for OECD countries
Fischer, J. A. V. (2009) · Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich) · Cited by 7
Social Interactions, the Evolution of Trust, and Economic GrowthPreprint
Varvarigos, D., & Xin, G. (2015) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 7
Trust in Superior-Subordinate Relationship -an empirical study in the context of learning
Laine, N. (2008) · Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) · Cited by 7
Graafland, J. J., & Schilpzand, A. (2025) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-024-00850-8 · Cited by 6
“, which are often used in cross-country happiness research (e.g., Bjørnskov et al., 2007, 2008, 2010; Graafland & Lous, 2018; Nikolaev et al., 2017; Ovaska & Takashima, 2006; Yeniaras & Akarsu, 2017).”
Trust and Income Among Immigrants in Europe
Berggren, N., Karlson, E. E., & Hodzic, E. (2025) · Kyklos · doi:10.1111/kykl.70003 · Cited by 6
“…institutional quality, reducing inequality, or enhancing legal fairness may have long-term effects on trust formation (Berggren and Jordahl 2006; Bjørnskov 2007; Gustavsson and Jordahl 2008; Alesina and Giuliano 2015; Dinesen et al. 2020; Bergh and Öhrvall 2018; Berggren and Bjørnskov 2023;…”
Joxhe, M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_252-1 · Cited by 7
Sustainable banking and trust in the global South
Mellina, F. Ú., Méndez, Á., & Forcadell, F. J. (2024) · Global Policy · doi:10.1111/1758-5899.13314 · Cited by 6
Learning to trust strangers: an evolutionary perspective
Courtois, P., & Tazdaït, T. (2011) · Journal of Evolutionary Economics · doi:10.1007/s00191-011-0247-z · Cited by 6
The Development of Generalized Trust among Young People in England
Janmaat, J. G. (2019) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci8110299 · Cited by 10
Argumentative Contexts of National Identity Definition
Pehrson, S. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198842545.003.0008 · Cited by 7
Mapping societal trust and trust in negotiations
Yao, J., & Brett, J. M. (2021) · International Journal of Conflict Management · doi:10.1108/ijcma-04-2021-0059 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Bjørnskov, C.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Bjørnskov, Christian
- ORCID
- Bjørnskov, Christian
- Venue
- Public Choice
- Published
- 2006-09-15
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 1-21
- ISSN
- 0048-5829 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7101
- OpenAlex
- W2100726744
- Cited by
- 969
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 44.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Public Choice (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Capital and Networks
- Social Sciences › Development › Culture, Economy, and Development Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Corruption and Economic Development
- Keywords
- generalized trust, determinants of trust, social polarization, income inequality, ethnic diversity, Protestantism, monarchy, post-communist societies, cross-national comparison, trust measurement, endogeneity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
