Estrogen and thrombosis: controversies and common sense
Abstract
Soon after the introduction of hormonal oral contraceptive agents reports of thrombotic complications appeared. In the past several decades, large epidemiological studies helped defined these risks for both arterial and venous complications. Clinicians can assess a patient's risk of thrombosis by both composition of the agent and patients' personal risk factors. For women with bleeding disorders these prothrombotic changes can help decrease bleeding complications. There is now also abundant data on future management of patients with estrogen related thrombosis.
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The increased risk of estrogen-associated thrombosis depends on both the dose and the mode of delivery of the hormone.
“The increased risk is dependent both on the dose and well as the mode of delivery of the hormone, and studies identify alterations in numerous aspects of the hemostatic and fibrinolytic pathways that contribute to the generation of a prothrombotic milieu.”
From Estrogen and thrombosis: a bench to bedside review (2020) · cites this paper as [82]
Estrogen use is associated with an increased risk of both arterial and venous thrombosis.
“Estrogen, in the clinical setting is used primarily for contraception and hormone replacement therapy. It has been well established that estrogen increases the risk of both arterial and venous thrombosis.”
From Estrogen and thrombosis: a bench to bedside review (2020) · cites this paper as [82]
Higher doses of estrogen are associated with increased risk of thrombosis.
“Large meta-analysis in recent years have established clearly that higher doses of estrogen are associated with increased risk of thrombosis (Table I)”
From Estrogen and thrombosis: a bench to bedside review (2020) · cites this paper as [82]
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- Authors
- DeLoughery, T. G.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Corresponding author
- DeLoughery, Thomas G.
- Venue
- Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
- Published
- 2011-05-11
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 77-84
- ISSN
- 1389-9155 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2606
- OpenAlex
- W1976352197
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- estrogen, thrombosis, oral contraceptives, venous thromboembolism, arterial thrombosis, bleeding disorders, thrombosis risk factors, hormonal contraception
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Risk Factors, Thrombosis, Hemostatic Disorders, Venous Thrombosis
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